Htilominlo

Htilominlo ထီးလိုမင်းလို
Htilominlo Temple in Pagan (Bagan)
King of Burma
Reign	18 August 1211 – 19 July 1235 (23 years, 335 days)
Predecessor	Narapatisithu
Successor	Kyaswa
Born	c. 1175 Tuesday born Pagan
Died	19 July 1235 (aged 59) Pagan
Consort	Saw Mi (Queen of Middle Palace) Hpwadawgyi (Queen of Southern Palace) (Queen of Northern Palace) Eindawthe (Queen of Royal Palace)
Issue	Kyaswa Theinpate Taramun
Names Zeya Theinkha Uzana
House	Pagan
Father	Narapatisithu
Mother	Saw Mya Kan
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

Htilominlo (Burmese: ထီးလိုမင်းလို, pronounced [tʰílò mɪ́ɴlò]; also called Nadoungmya or Zeya Theinkha Uzana; 1174 – 19 July 1235) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1211 to 1235. His 24-year reign marked the beginning of the gradual decline of Pagan dynasty. It was the first to see the impact of over a century of continuous growth of tax-free religious wealth, which had greatly reduced the potential tax base. Htilominlo was the last of the temple builders although most of his temples were in remote lands not in the Pagan region, reflecting the deteriorating state of royal treasury.

The king, a devout Buddhist and a scholar, gave up the command of the army, and left the day-to-day affairs to a privy council consisted of ministers, the forebear of the Hluttaw, or the supreme administrative body of government. He focused his energies on religion and temple-building. He completed the majestic Gawdawpalin temple, begun by his father Narapatisithu, built the Mahabodhi, a replica of the Buddhagaya temple, and the Htilominlo Temple, named after himself.

His reign was largely peaceful, except for one rebellion north of Tagaung, which was put down by his commander in chief. By all accounts, he was popular with the people. Still he never really governed, and was especially oblivious to the growing problem of reduced tax base brought about continuous growth of tax free religious holdings. (To be sure, his predecessors did not face the problem, and his successors also continued to ignore the problem, where by the 1280s, two-thirds of Upper Burma's cultivable land had been alienated to the religion. Thus the throne also lost resources necessary to retain the loyalty of courtiers and military servicemen, inviting a vicious circle of internal disorders and external challenges by Mons, Mongols and Shans.)

References

• Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar. 1829.
• Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
• Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
• Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
• Pe Maung Tin; Luce, G.H. The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma (1960 ed.). Rangoon University Press.
• Tarling, Nicholas. The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia (1993 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35505-2, 9780521355056. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
• Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol. 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon.