Hypertrophy
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| Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia stems from an increase in cell number |
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.[1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.[2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.
Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of heart.[3] Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).
Gallery
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Hypertrophy of breast, c. 1870 -
Forensic post-mortem examination of a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, showing thickening of the cardiac muscle -
Kidney hypertrophy -
Hypertrophy of the ear (macrotia) -
Hypertrophy of the temporal muscles
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See also
- Athlete's heart
- Ventricular hypertrophy (including left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy)
- Muscle hypertrophy
- List of biological development disorders
References
- ^ Hernandez, Richard; Kravitz, Len. "Skeletal muscle hypertrophy". www.unm.edu.
- ^ Updated by Linda J. Vorvick. 8/14/15.Hyperplasia
- ^ Kusumoto, F. M. (2004), Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Hayes Barton Press, pp. 20–22, ISBN 978-1-59377-189-8