IKONOS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 IKONOS 2 |
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| Organization | GeoEye |
|---|---|
| Mission Type | Earth observation |
| Contractor | Lockheed Martin Space Systems |
| Satellite of | Earth |
| Launch | September 24, 1999 on an Athena 2 |
| Launch site | Vandenberg Air Force Base |
| Mission duration | 7 years |
| Mass | 726 kg (launch) |
| Webpage | http://www.geoeye.com/CorpSite/products/imagery-sources/Default.aspx#ikonos |
| Orbital elements | |
| Semimajor Axis | 7056.97 km |
| Eccentricity | 0.00013 |
| Inclination | 98.10 degrees |
| Orbital Period | 98.33 minutes |
| Right ascension of the ascending node | 68.015 degrees |
| Argument of perigee | 93.06 degrees |
| Instruments | |
| Visible Sensors | 1-meter panchromatic and 4-meter multispectral |
IKONOS is a commercial earth observation satellite, and was the first to collect publicly available high-resolution imagery at 1- and 4-meter resolution. It offers multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) imagery. The IKONOS launch was called in the New York Times “one of the most significant developments in the history of the space age.” IKONOS imagery began being sold on January 1, 2000.
It derived its name from the Greek term eikōn for image.[1]
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[edit] History
IKONOS was originated under the Lockheed Martin Corporation as the Commercial Remote Sensing System (CRSS) satellite. On April 1994 Lockheed was granted one of the first licenses from the U.S. Department of Commerce for commercial satellite high-resolution imagery. On October 25, 1995 partner company Space Imaging received a license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to transmit telemetry from the satellite in the eight-gigahertz Earth Exploration Satellite Services band. Prior to launch, Space Imaging changed the name of the satellite to IKONOS. IKONOS comes from the Greek word for "image".
Two satellites were originally planned for operation. The launch of IKONOS-1 in 1999 failed when the payload fairing of the Athena rocket failed to separate, preventing the satellite from reaching orbit. IKONOS-2 was planned for launch in 2000, but was renamed IKONOS and was launched on September 24, 1999 from Space Launch Complex 6 (SLC-6) at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The imaging sensors are panchromatic and multispectral. This satellite has a polar, circular, sun-synchronous 681-km orbit and both sensors have a swath width of 11 km. Its weight is 1600 pounds (720 kg).
In November 2000 Lockheed Martin received the "Best of What's New" Grand Award in the Aviation & Space category from Popular Science magazine. Space Imaging was acquired by ORBIMAGE in September 2005. The company was later renamed to GeoEye.
[edit] Specifications
[edit] Spacecraft
IKONOS is a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft designed by Lockheed Martin. The design later became known as the LM900 satellite bus system. The satellite's attitude is measured by two star trackers and a sun sensor and controlled by four reaction wheels; location knowledge is provided by a GPS receiver. The design life is 7 years; S/C body size=1.83 m x 1.57 m (hexagonal configuration); S/C mass = 817 kg; power = 1.5 kW provided by 3 solar panels.
The LM900 spacecraft is a three-axis stabilized bus that is designed to carry scientific payloads in LEOs. It provides precision pointing on an ultra stable highly agile platform. Payloads for a variety of scientific and remote sensing applications may be accommodated including laser sensors, imagers, radar sensors, electro-optical and astronomical sensors, as well as planetary sensors. The LM900 bus shares a hardware heritage with Iridium, which is the basis for the LM700 bus.
[edit] Communications
IKONOS conducts telemetry, tracking and control in the 8345.968-8346.032 MHz band (downlink) and 2025-2110 MHz band (uplink). Downlink data carrier operates in the 8025-8345 MHz band.
[edit] Spatial resolution
- 0.8 m panchromatic (1-m PAN)
- 4-meter multispectral (4-m MS)
- 1-meter pan-sharpened (1-m PS)
Spectral Resolution
| Band | 1-m PAN | 4-m MS & 1-m PS |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (Blue) | 0.45-0.90 µm | 0.445-0.516 µm |
| 2 (Green) | * | 0.506-0.595 µm |
| 3 (Red) | * | 0.632-0.698 µm |
| 4 (Near IR) | * | 0.757-0.853 µm |
[edit] Temporal resolution
The revisit rate for IKONOS is 3 to 5 days off-nadir and 144 days for true-nadir.
[edit] Radiometric resolution
The sensor collects data with a 11-bit (0-2047) sensitivity and are delivered in an unsigned 16-bit (0-65535) data format. From time-to-time the data are rescaled down to 8-bit (0 - 255) to decrease file size. When this occurs much of the sensitivity of the data needed by Remote Sensing scientists is lost.
[edit] Swath
11 km x 11 km (Single Scene)
[edit] See also
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[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- Annual Selection of Spectacular Satellite Images to be Determined by Public Voting Thursday, 23 December 2004
- Sensor Specifications: Ikonos NASA
- Turner, Linda (1995-10-25). "Space Imaging granted FCC license for private remote sensing satellite system". Business Wire. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Space+Imaging+granted+FCC+license+for+private+remote+sensing...-a017442820. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
- Business Editors/Aerospace Writers (2000-11-09). "Lockheed Martin-built IKONOS Satellite Receives Prestigious Award by Popular Science Magazine". Business Wire. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2000_Nov_9/ai_66774062. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
- Schutzberg, Adena (2005-09-21). "ORBIMAGE Acquires Space Imaging: The Past and the Future". Directions Magazine. http://www.directionsmag.com/article.php?article_id=1973&trv=1. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
- Lockheed Martin (undated) (PDF). LM900 Bus Program Specification Sheet. http://rsdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/rapidii/Specs/lm900sp_020700.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
[edit] External links
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