Jōyō kanji
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The jōyō kanji (常用漢字) is the guide to kanji characters announced officially by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Current jōyō kanji are those on a list of 1,945 characters issued on October 10, 1981. It is a slightly modified version of the tōyō kanji, which was the initial list of secondary school-level kanji standardized after World War II.
The 1,945 kanji in the jōyō kanji consist of:
- 1,006 kanji taught in primary school (these are known as the kyōiku kanji)
- 939 more kanji taught in secondary school
Contents |
[edit] Changes from the tōyō kanji
The jōyō kanji list added 95 kanji not included in the tōyō kanji. Additionally, the character 燈 of the tōyō kanji was replaced by the simplified form 灯.
The kanji found among the jōyō kanji but not the tōyō kanji are listed here:
- 猿 凹 渦 靴 稼 拐 涯 垣 殻 潟 喝 褐 缶 頑 挟 矯 襟 隅 渓 蛍 嫌 洪 溝 昆 崎 皿 桟 傘 肢 遮 蛇 酌 汁 塾 尚 宵 縄 壌 唇 甚 据 杉 斉 逝 仙 栓 挿 曹 槽 藻 駄 濯 棚 挑 眺 釣 塚 漬 亭 偵 泥 搭 棟 洞 凸 屯 把 覇 漠 肌 鉢 披 扉 猫 頻 瓶 雰 塀 泡 俸 褒 朴 僕 堀 磨 抹 岬 妄 厄 癒 悠 羅 竜 戻 枠
[edit] History
- 1923: Ministry of Education specified 1,962 kanji and 154 simplified characters.
- 1931: The former Jōyō kanji was revised and 1,858 characters were specified.
- 1942: 1,134 characters as standard Jōyō kanji and 1,320 characters as sub-Jōyō kanji were specified.
- 1946: The 1,850 characters of tōyō kanji were adopted by law "as those most essential for common use and everyday communication"[1]. This list included 881 'basic requirement' kanji for elementary school.
- 1981: The 1,945 characters of 'jōyō kanji' were adopted, replacing the list of 'tōyō kanji'.[2]
- 2009: The list is expected to be revised to include an additional 191 characters and remove 5 characters, for a total of 2,131. As of 16 January 2009, the 191 additional characters planned for inclusion are:[3]
- 媛 怨 鬱 唄 淫 咽 茨 彙 椅 萎 畏 嵐 宛 顎 曖 挨 韓 鎌 葛 骸 蓋 崖 諧 潰 瓦 牙 苛 俺 臆 岡 旺 艶 稽 憬 詣 熊 窟 串 惧 錦 僅 巾 嗅 臼 畿 亀 伎 玩 挫 沙 痕 頃 駒 傲 乞 喉 梗 虎 股 舷 鍵 拳 桁 隙 呪 腫 嫉 叱 鹿 餌 摯 恣 斬 拶 刹 柵 埼 塞 采 戚 脊 醒 凄 裾 須 腎 芯 尻 拭 憧 哨 蹴 羞 袖 汰 遜 捉 踪 痩 曾 爽 遡 狙 膳 箋 詮 腺 煎 羨 鶴 爪 椎 捗 諜 嘲 貼 酎 緻 憚 綻 旦 誰 戴 堆 唾 鍋 謎 梨 奈 那 丼 貪 頓 栃 瞳 藤 賭 妬 填 溺 諦 聘 阜 訃 肘 膝 眉 斑 阪 汎 氾 箸 剥 罵 捻 虹 匂 喩 闇 弥 冶 麺 冥 蜜 枕 昧 勃 頬 貌 蜂 蔑 璧 餅 蔽 脇 麓 籠 弄 呂 瑠 瞭 侶 慄 璃 藍 辣 拉 沃 瘍 妖 湧
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- List of Jōyō Kanji (Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs)
- List of kanji (in Japanese)
- Jōyō Kanji list with tooltips displaying data from KANJIDIC
- Joyo Kanji and Joyo Kanji Jukugo Explorer
- List of 191 Jōyō Kanji characters at Asahi Shimbun
[edit] References
- ^ A Guide to Reading & Writing Japanese, Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1961 Edition
- ^ "In 1981 the joyo kanji list superseded the old toyo kanji list — the list of Chinese characters which was announced in November 1946 and designated for daily use." -Japan Times editorial, "Revising the list of kanji", Nov. 16, 2008, retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ Akihiko Shiraishi, 新常用漢字表試案, 追加 191 字 丼 那 冶 呂 苛 ("New draft table adds 191 everyday-use kanji") in Asahi Shimbun, 16 January 2009, retrieved 27 May 2009.
