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Jaca

Coordinates: 42°33′N 0°33′W / 42.550°N 0.550°W / 42.550; -0.550
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For other uses, see Jaca (disambiguation).
Jaca
Chaca (Aragonese)
Xaca (Aragonese)
Jaca as viewed from the Rapitan fort.
Jaca as viewed from the Rapitan fort.
Flag of Jaca
Flag
Coat of arms of Jaca
Coat of arms
Jaca is located in Aragon
Jaca
Jaca
Location of Jaca within Aragon
Jaca is located in Spain
Jaca
Jaca
Jaca (Spain)
Coordinates: 42°33′N 0°33′W / 42.550°N 0.550°W / 42.550; -0.550
CountrySpain
Autonomous communityAragon
ProvinceHuesca
ComarcaLa Jacetania
Government
 • MayorJuan Manuel Ramón Ipas
Area
 • Total406.34 km2 (156.89 sq mi)
Elevation
820 m (2,690 ft)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total12,813
 • Density32/km2 (82/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CET)
Websitewww.jaca.es

Jaca (Spanish pronunciation: ['xaka]; in Aragonese: Chaca or Xaca[2]) is a city of northeastern Spain in the province of Huesca, located near the Pyrenees and the border with France. Jaca is an ancient fort on the Aragón River, situated at the crossing of two great early medieval routes, one from Toulousse to Santiago de Compostela and Pau to Zaragoza. Jaca was the city out of which the County and Kingdom of Aragon developed. It was the capital of Aragon until 1097 and also the capital of Jacetania.

Villages

Besides Jaca town, there are a number of outlying villages in Jaca's municipality, including the ski resort of Astún.

History

The origins of the city are obscure, but its name is apparently of Iacetani origin, mentioned by Strabo as one of the most celebrated of the numerous small tribes inhabiting the Ebro basin. Strabo adds that their territory lay on the site of the wars in the 1st century BC between Sertorius and Pompey. According to the atlas of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds Jaca was a town where minted coins were made[3] from the second half of the 2nd century BC, a small number of which are now in the British Museum.[4] The coins show an unidentified bearded head to the right with an inscription to the left and also have an image of a dolphin. The reverse side depicts a horseman carrying a spear to the right, with an inscription below in Iberian reading iaka.[4]

It is unknown when the town was reconquered. Ramiro I of Aragon (1035–1063) granted it the title of City. In 1063 it was the site of the Synod of Jaca.

On December 12–13 1930 the Jaca uprising, a mutiny whose leaders demanded abolition of the monarchy, was suppressed with some difficulty. It was an early event that preceded the Spanish Civil War.

Climate

Jaca has an submediterranean climate (Köppen: Cfb) bordering a submediterranean climate (Köppen: Cfa) with strong continental influences caused by the city's high altitude of 820 metres (2,690 ft). Winters are cool and summers are warm, with hot daytime temperatures but relatively cool nights. There isn't any real dry season, but the rainiest seasons are autumn and spring. The average precipitation is 768 millimetres (30.2 in) per year. Frost is common so is snowfall, being snow common from late November to early March. Heavy snowfalls are sporadic, and they usually occur during cold spells. Jaca's average annual temperature is 12.2 °C (54.0 °F).

Citadel of Jaca.
Detail of the interior of Jaca Cathedral.
Climate data for Jaca, 1981–2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.5
(49.1) 		11.0
(51.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		16.2
(61.2) 		20.5
(68.9) 		25.7
(78.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.0
(84.2) 		24.4
(75.9) 		19.0
(66.2) 		13.2
(55.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		18.5
(65.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9) 		5.3
(41.5) 		8.3
(46.9) 		10.0
(50.0) 		14.0
(57.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		21.3
(70.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		13.2
(55.8) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.9
(40.8) 		12.2
(54.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		1.8
(35.2) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.5
(45.5) 		11.1
(52.0) 		13.7
(56.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		7.3
(45.1) 		2.6
(36.7) 		0.0
(32.0) 		5.9
(42.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 57.9
(2.28) 		48.9
(1.93) 		47.8
(1.88) 		82.2
(3.24) 		76.4
(3.01) 		48.6
(1.91) 		37.4
(1.47) 		43.2
(1.70) 		68.2
(2.69) 		89.6
(3.53) 		89.0
(3.50) 		79.3
(3.12) 		768.5
(30.26)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 10.0 8.7 8.6 11.8 12.5 7.1 6.1 6.4 7.5 10.9 11.3 11.0 111.9
Source: World Meteorological Organization (WMO)[5]

Main sights

Jaca boasts several medieval walls and towers surrounding the 11th-century Romanesque Jaca Cathedral.

The Jaca citadel, a fortification dating to the late 16th century, is home to a colony of rock sparrows.

The Diocesan Museum of Jaca (Museum of Medieval Sacred Art) protects Romanesque and Gothic frescos, some of which were found in the most remote locations in the Jaca district.

Tourism and sports

Jaca is a tourist destination in the region for summer holidays and winter sports.

Starting in the early 1970s, the city was transformed from being a small provincial and garrison town to become the gateway to a mid-tier mountain sports area with two major winter resorts (Valle de Astun and Candanchu) within a 30 km drive of the city.

The accompanying urban and infrastructure development in the 1970s and 1980s was controversial, with many claiming that the town lost a lot of its original charm and authenticity to the interests of developers.

The development experienced by the city, with the construction of a nationally known ice-skating rink (the Pista de Hielo del Pirineo), a small convention centre (the Palacio de Congresos) and countless second residences had a profound impact on the economy of the Valley (Valle del Aragon), where many of its inhabitants evolved from small-scale subsistence farmera in Jaca and the surrounding villages, to become part of a tertiary economy.

Jaca was the host city of the 1981 and 1995 Winter Universiades. The city also hosted the 2007 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival. Its popularity for winter sports has been a motivating factor in the city's failed bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics, 2002 Winter Olympics and 2010 Winter Olympics, which were awarded to Nagano, Salt Lake City and Vancouver. It was again the applicant city of Spain for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but the bid failed again when it was not selected as a candidate city and the games were ultimately awarded to Sochi.

  • Armour courtyard of the citadel
    Armour courtyard of the citadel
  • Statues inside the citadel representing the Spanish tercios way of living.
    Statues inside the citadel representing the Spanish tercios way of living.
  • Statues in west-side of the cathedral
    Statues in west-side of the cathedral
  • Cathedral, interior
    Cathedral, interior
  • Church of San Pedro
    Church of San Pedro
  • Casa Borau
    Casa Borau
  • Plaza de la Catedral
    Plaza de la Catedral
  • Calle Mayor
    Calle Mayor

See also

References

  1. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ Toponyms: towns with local name in Aragonese in Great Aragonese Encyclopedia
  3. ^ Talbert, R., (2000). (ed.) Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. Map 25, E3. Also CDROM disc entry Map 25.
  4. ^ a b Bagwell-Purefoy, P., and Meadows, A., (2002). Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum (SNG). Volume IX. The British Museum 2. Spain. SNG No's 775-776
  5. ^ "World Weather Information Service. Jaca". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
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