List of North Korean defectors in South Korea
This is a list of notable defectors from North Korea to South Korea. In total, as of 2016[update], 31,093 North Korean defectors had entered South Korea.[1] By 2020 the number had grown to about 33,000.[2] The dates shown below are the dates that the defectors arrived in South Korea.
1950s
- 1953
- No Kum-sok, a fighter pilot, flew his MiG-15 to the South. Since this fighter plane was then the best the Communist bloc had, No's defection was considered an intelligence bonanza, and he was awarded the then high sum of $100,000 and the right to reside in the United States.
1960s
- 1968
- Kim Shin-jo – on 21 January, one of a 31-person team sent to the South to assassinate then-President Park Chung-hee. This led to retaliation in what is known as the Silmido incident. After his life was spared, he has become a missionary and has written books on how he found inner peace in Christianity.
1980s
- 1982
- Ri Han-yong – nephew of Kim Jong-il; shot to death in 1997 in Gyeonggi-do by unknown assailants widely suspected to be North Korean agents, in what was variously speculated to be an attempt to silence him after his publication of a tell-all book about Kim Jong-il's private life, revenge for his mother Song Hye-rang's defection a year earlier, or a warning to fellow defector Hwang Jang-yop.[3] His mother Seong Hye-rang (sister of Song Hye-rim, the mistress of Kim Jong-il and mother of Kim Jong-nam) defected to Europe in 1996 while his sister had defected to the South in 1992.
- 1987
- Kim Hyon-hui – planted the bomb that brought down Korean Air Flight 858, but defected to South Korea after being caught in Bahrain and attempting suicide.[4]
- 1989
- Lee Sang-jo, a former North Korean Ambassador to Russia and Army general defected.
1990s
- 1992
- Kang Chol-hwan – Due to North Korea's policy of collective punishment, Kang was imprisoned at age 9 along with his entire family after his father, a Zainichi Korean who'd returned to North Korea, was accused of treason.[5] Kang was released ten years later, fled to China alongside his friend and fellow Yodok internee An Hyuk and defected to South Korea in 1992, where he became a prominent human rights activist and a columnist at The Chosun Ilbo.[6]
- An Hyuk – He formerly lived as an expatriate in China, and repatriated to North Korea in 1986; however, he was accused of spying, and imprisoned at the Yodok concentration camp.[7] He was released three years later, fled to China alongside his friend and fellow Yodok internee Kang Chol-hwan and defected to South Korea in 1992.
- Lee Soon-ok – high-ranking party member from northern province defected with her son to South Korea via China and Hong Kong after suffering seven years in a political prisoner camp at Kaechon.
- 1994
- Cho Myung-cheol, an economist defected. In 2012 he was elected as a member of the South Korean National Assembly.
- 1996
- Jeong Su-il, North Korean spy captured in 1996 and released in 2000, currently a historian in South Korea.
- 1997
- Hwang Jang-yop – former Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly. Hwang is the highest ranking North Korean official to defect. Kim Dok-hong, his aide, defected with him.[8][9]
- Jang Yeong-jin – a former soldier and the only openly gay North Korean defector.[10][11]
- Lee Hyeon-seo, defected in 1997 and currently lives in Seoul as a student, wrote The Girl with Seven Names about her escape from North Korea and later guiding her family out of North Korea through China and Laos.
- Yoo Sang-joon, defected to China, later arrived in South Korea and from there helped smuggle his son from China and Mongolia to South Korea.
- 1999
- Yun Myung-chan – former North Korean international footballer and manager of the North Korean national football team.[12]
- Jang Gil-su – fled North Korea at age 15, and became famous in South Korea following publication there and in the U.S. media of his chilling crayon drawings, which depict horrific abuses by North Korean authorities against North Korean civilians.
- Park Sang-hak – Worked in a propaganda unit of the Kim Il-sung Socialist Youth League until his family fled to South Korea. His work to spread information into North Korea resulted in an assassination attempt in 2011. Participated in the Oslo Freedom Forum in 2009 and has released balloons from South Korea through Fighters for a Free North Korea resulting in multiple arrests.[13]
- Kim Seong-min, defected in 1997 after he was accused of espionage and sentenced to death, arrived in South Korea in 1999. Founded Free North Korea Radio.
2000s
- 2000
- Paek Se-yun, a member of the Supreme People's Assembly defected.
- 2001
- Choi Kwang-hyouk, defected after his left leg was amputated below the knee by doctors after a train accident, won the bronze medal in para ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.
- 2002
- Kyong Won-ha – Chief scientist of North Korea's nuclear program, defected to the West, taking with him many of the secrets of the atomic program pioneered since 1984. He was one of 20 scientists and military officers who were smuggled out of North Korea during the alleged Operation Weasel.
- Jin Gyeong-suk – arrived in South Korea in 2002. She was later abducted two years later and forcefully deported back to North Korea, where she was tortured and died in custody in January 2005.[14]
- Joo Seong-ha, defected in 2002, currently a journalist with The Dong-a Ilbo.
- 2003
- Kim Cheol-woong, a classically trained musician defected.[15] and has performed in the United States.[16][17]
- Jeong Kwang-il, former prisoner, defected in 2003 and currently smuggles films, soap operas, and entertainment on DVDs and USB thumb drives (some of which contain an offline copy of Wikipedia) into North Korea.
- 2004
- Mun Ki-nam, former international footballer and manager of both the North Korea women and North Korea men's national football teams defected.[18]
- Jang Jin-sung, a psychological warfare officer within the United Front Department of the Korean Workers' Party defected.[19]
- 2005
- Shin Dong-hyuk – Due to North Korea's policy of collective punishment, Shin was born imprisoned at the Kaechon internment camp. In 2005, he escaped the camp and fled to China where a journalist helped fly him to South Korea.
- 2006
- Ji Seong-ho – a human rights activist defected. In 2020 he was elected as a member of the South Korean National Assembly.
- Yuna Jung - a former Generals Daughter. Arrived in South Korea in July 2006 from Thailand.
- 2007
- Li Gyong-hui – a former Olympic gymnast defected.[20]
- 2009
- Yeonmi Park – a human rights activist defected.[21][22]
2010s
- 2014
- Lim Ji-hyun – became a popular television personality after defecting to South Korea, went missing in 2017 before resurfacing in a series of North Korean interviews, prompting fears she had been abducted and returned to the country.[23]
- 2015
- Pak Sung-won, a member of the Supreme People's Assembly and Army general defected.[24][25]
- Kim Kuk-sung,[26] a colonel from North Korea's Reconnaissance General Bureau intelligence agency defected. South Korean authorities said that the colonel had been responsible for supervising espionage efforts against the South.[27] Senior-level defections are rare, though no motive was released regarding this defection.[28]
- 2016
- Lee Chul-eun – A former high ranking government official working for the North Korean Ministry of State Security, defected to South Korea with a friend by swimming across the Yellow Sea.[29]
- Thae Yong-ho, North Korea's Deputy ambassador to the United Kingdom defected with his wife and children. In 2020 he was elected as a member of the South Korean National Assembly.[30]
- 2017
- Oh Chong-song[31] fled North Korea at the Joint Security Area on 13 November 2017. North Korean soldiers fired over 40 rounds at Oh, and he was struck five times.[32][33] He survived the shooting, was rescued by South Korean soldiers, and his condition stabilized at a South Korean hospital after treatment for bullet wounds and multiple intestinal parasitic worms.[34][35]
- Han Jin Myung, North Korea's Ambassador to Vietnam defected.[36]
- 2018
- Jo Song-gil, North Korea's Ambassador to Italy defected.[37]
- 2019
- Ryu Hyun-woo, North Korea's Ambassador to Kuwait defected.[38]
2020s
- 2020
- Unidentified former gymnast, scaled a barbed wire fence and surrendered to South Korean military personnel. Despite the border being heavily monitored and fortified, it was determined that some of the motion sensors had loose screws that caused them to fail to detect the man as he crawled past. The incident prompted a review of all of the sensors along the DMZ border.[39]
See also
References
- ^ "Policies North Korean Defectors". Ministry of Unification. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ^ Choe, Sang-hun (27 July 2020). "North Korea Thinks He Brought Covid-19. The South Wanted to Arrest Him". New York Times.
- ^ Pollack, Andrew (17 February 1997). "Korean shooting is casting cloud on signs of thaw". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
- ^ Willacy, Mark (10 April 2013). "Exclusive: My life as a North Korean super spy".
- ^ "Child prisoner: Kang Chol Hwan". NBC News. 29 October 2003.
- ^ "Can N.Koreans Topple Their Dictator?". The Chosun Ilbo.
- ^ "Three N. Koreans Named Winner of NED's Democracy Award". YON - Yonhap News Agency of Korea. 16 July 2003. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
- ^ Demick, Barbara (2010). Nothing to Envy: Real Lives in North Korea (UK ed.). Granta Publications. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-84708-141-4.
- ^ Scanlon, Charles (18 April 2006). "US pressure on 'criminal' N Korea". BBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- ^ "A defector tells what it's like to be gay in North Korea". SBS News.
- ^ "North Korea's only openly gay defector: 'it's a weird life'". The Guardian. 18 February 2016.
- ^ "前 北축구대표감독 윤명찬씨 '3대 상봉' 南서 첫 설" [Former North Korean soccer coach Yun Myong-chan's '3rd reunion' first New Year's in the South]. joongang.co.kr (in Korean). 4 February 2000. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ Feith, David (5 July 2013). "Park Sang Hak: North Korea's Enemy Zero". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ Amnesty International: Newsletter THE WIRE, Issue January/February 2010, Women Shaping Their Own Lives, P. 20. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
- ^ "N.Korean risks life, flees for love of jazz piano". redOrbit. 23 March 2006.
- ^ "INVITATION" (PDF). NK Economic Watch. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (17 December 2008). "North Korean defector's flight to musical freedom". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ "前 북한축구대표팀 감독 망명…中거쳐 올1월 입국" [Former North Korean national football team coach exiled... Arrived in January this year via China]. donga.com (in Korean). 11 March 2004. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ Sylvia Hui (1 July 2012). "Jang Jin-sung, North Korean Poet, Writes Of Hunger, Brutality In The Country". www.huffingtonpost.com. Associated Press.
He says he was one of late North Korean leader Kim Jong Il's favorite propaganda artists, singing the praises of the Dear Leader in dozens of poems. But these days Jang Jin-sung says he prefers to tell the truth about North Korea.
- ^ "새터민 체조 지도자 "성적으로 보답"".
- ^ Park, Yeonmi (21 October 2014). "North Korea's Black Market Generation". Oslo Freedom Forum. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ Jaafari, Shirin (10 October 2014). "She risked her life to defect from North Korea – now she wants the world to hear her story". Public Radio International. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ "North Korean TV star defector Lim Ji-hyun feared abducted". BBC News. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ "[단독] 망명 북한 장성 박승원, 국내 정보기관서 합동심문 | 아시아엔". kor.theasian.asia. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015.
- ^ "① 북한 간부들, 김정은 '공포정치'에 동요". 6 July 2015.
- ^ 조선일보 (11 October 2021). ""北공작원, 靑근무후 월북… 시민단체 여러곳서 암약"". 조선일보 (in Korean). Retrieved 16 March 2022.
- ^ John Bacon (11 April 2016). "Going South: Top North Korean colonel defects". USA Today. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
- ^ Hyung-Jin Kim (11 April 2016). "Seoul: Senior North Korea military officer defects to South". Associated Press. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
- ^ We Interviewed A Former Elite North Korean Spy | Stay Curious #36. YouTube. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021.
- ^ "North Korea diplomat defects to South". BBC News. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ Pritha Paul (5 December 2017). "North Korean Defector's Survival A 'Miracle,' South Korean Surgeon Says". International Business Times. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ^ What parasitic worms in defector reveal about conditions in North Korea Ben Westcott and Taehoon Lee, CNN, 22 November 2017
- ^ Hancocks, Paula; Westcott, Ben (14 November 2017). "Soldier shot by North Korean guards while defecting to the South". CNN. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ North Korea defection: Footage of moment soldier flees Video by Simon Atkinson, BBC News, 22 November 2017
- ^ North Korea defector wakes after being shot crossing the DMZ BBC News 21 November 2017
- ^ "Trump-Kim summit: The sorry fate of North Korea's diplomat defectors". BBC News. 22 February 2019.
- ^ "Missing North Korean ambassador 'living in South'". BBC News. 7 October 2020.
- ^ Brown, Lee (25 January 2021). "North Korea's ambassador to Kuwait defects to South Korea as diplomats flee". nypost.com. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ "How Did the North Korean Defector Cross the Border? Loose Screws". The New York Times. 27 November 2020.