Martinair Flight 495
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 The wreckage of the aircraft involved in the accident |
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| Accident summary | |
|---|---|
| Date | 21 December 1992 |
| Type | Microburst-induced wind shear |
| Site | Faro, Portugal |
| Passengers | 327 |
| Crew | 13 |
| Injuries | 106 |
| Fatalities | 56 |
| Survivors | 284 |
| Aircraft type | McDonnell Douglas DC-10 |
| Operator | Martinair |
| Tail number | PH-MBN |
| Flight origin | Amsterdam Schiphol Airport |
| Destination | Faro Airport |
Martinair Flight 495 was a Dutch DC-10, registered PH-MBN, that crash-landed in severe weather conditions onto runway 28 at Faro Airport, Portugal, in 1992. The aircraft carried 13 crew members and 327 passengers, mainly holidaymakers from The Netherlands. Fifty-four passengers and 2 crew members died[1] and 106 of the other occupants were badly injured.
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[edit] Approach and landing
A large thunderstorm lay in the immediate vicinity of the airport, accompanied by heavy rain, windshear and low cloud. The control tower informed the crew of the thunderstorm activity, in addition stating that there was water on the runway. Following one unsuccessful attempt to land, the crew was executing a VOR/DME procedure approach to runway 11 when the aircraft flew through at least two microbursts.
The aircraft landed with a vertical speed exceeding the manufacturer's design limits. Following this hard landing, the starboard main gear collapsed. The starboard wing fuel tank ruptured and the contents ignited. The DC-10 fuselage split in two, coming to rest with the front section lying on its side.
[edit] Cause
The cause of the accident was the bad weather conditions in combination with crew errors.[1]
[edit] Cockpit Transcript
| Time | Source | Contents |
|---|---|---|
| 07.27:12 | ATC | Martinair four six one, uh, on the ground at two eight, at the end and by the left, change to Tower frequency one, uh, one eight decimal two. |
| 07.27:20 | MP461 | One one eight two, pleasant day. |
| 07.27:25 | - | // Sound of selector knob // |
| 07.27:53 | CAPT | Approaching eight miles. |
| 07.27:54 | FO | Yes. |
| 07.27:56 | CAPT | I'll give you one one one. |
| 07.27:57 | - | // Sound of selector knob // |
| 07.28:01 | FO | Over right, heading zero eight zero. |
| 07.28:04 | CAPT | ... zero eight zero ... |
| 07.28:11 | RDO | Four nine five is turning inbound. |
| // Sound of selector knob (auto pilot trim) // | ||
| 07.28:42 | ??? | ... zero. |
| 07.28:44 | CAPT | Ja. |
| 07.28:55 | CAPT | Seven DME. |
| 07.28:57 | FO | Ja, dan mag de gear down. |
| [Yes, then the gear maybe selected down] | ||
| 07.29:00 | CAPT | Gear down. |
| 07.29:17 | CAPT | Wind is from right ... |
| 07.29:22 | CAPT | Gear is down. |
| 07.29:23 | FO | Ja, thank you. |
| 07.29:25 | FO | Flaps three five. |
| 07.29:28 | CAPT | Flaps three five. |
| 07.29:30 | - | // Sound of selector knob // |
| 07.29:32 | CAPT | Flaps are three five. |
| 07.29:36 | FO | Vertical speed selected. |
| 07.29:36 | AC1158 | Air Columbus one one five eight with you. |
| 07.29:38 | ATC | One one five eight continue to taxi. |
| 07.29:43 | FO | Flaps, five zero. |
| 07.29:47 | CAPT | Flaps five zero. |
| 07.29:50 | - | // Sound of selector knob, pause, 4 clicks, selector knob // |
| 07.30:05 | CAPT | Check? |
| 07.30:06 | O | Yes, check. |
| 07.30:08 | CAPT | Five DME, fourteen thirty. |
| 07.30:11 | - | // Sound of selector knob // |
| 07.30:13 | CAPT | Wind is coming from the right, thirty knots, drift twelve degrees, so you make it one two three or so. |
| 07.30:22 | FO | Ja. |
| 07.30:25 | FE | OK, for the landing checklist? |
| 07.30:27 | FO | Ja, landing checklist. |
| 07.30:28 | CAPT | Four DME, eleven twenty. |
| 07.30:32 | FE | Missed approach altitude. |
| 07.30:36 | CAPT | .. three ..., set. |
| 07.30:38 | AC1158 | Air Columbus one one five eight, ready for departure. |
| 07.30:40 | FE | Altimeters. |
| 07.30:41 | CAPT | Set three times. |
| 07.30:44 | FE | Spoilers. |
| // Sound of arming the spoilers // | ||
| 07.30:45 | CAPT | Arm. |
| 07.30:46 | FE | I'll check them. |
| 07.30:47 | CAPT | Ja. |
| 07.30:48 | FE | Flaps, slats. |
| 07.30:52 | CAPT | Five zero, land. |
| 07.30:55 | FE | Landing checklist completed. |
| 07.30:56 | CAPT | OK. |
| 07.30:57 | AC1158 | Tower, Air Columbus one one five eight. |
| 07.31:01 | ATC | Go ahaead. |
| 07.31:02 | AC1158 | Ready for departure. |
| 07.31:03 | CAPT | Four DME, eleven twenty. |
| 07.31:05 | ATC | Marinair four nine five, confirm inbound, how many miles? |
| 07.31:08 | RDO | We are four miles out. |
| 07.31:10 | ATC | Roger, Air Columbus one one five eight, hold short. |
| 07.31:14 | CAPT | Ja, je kan de baan zien. |
| [Yes, you can see the runway] | ||
| 07.31:15 | AC1158 | Holding short, Air Columbus one one five eight. |
| 07.31:24 | CAPT | Three DME, eight twenty. |
| 07.31:29 | CAPT | Three DME, eight twenty. |
| 07.31:33 | - | // Start sound of windshield wipers // |
| 07.31:37 | RDO | Martinair four nine five, finals. |
| 07.31:40 | ATC | Confirm you have runway lights in sight? |
| 07.31:44 | ATC | Cleared to land runway one one, the wind one five zero, one five knots, maximum two zero. |
| 07.31:52 | RDO | Cleared to land. |
| 07.31:53 | FO | Auto pilot C. |
| 07.31:54 | CAPT | OK, hè, the runway is ... |
| 07.31:55 | ATC | Confirm the lights are too bright? |
| 07.31:58 | RDO | No, it's fine, keep it. |
| 07.32:00 | FE | Five hundred. |
| 07.32:03 | CAPT | Cleared, hè? |
| 07.32:04 | FO | Ja. |
| 07.32:04 | FE | JA, check cleared. |
| 07.32:15 | FO | PAPI, hè. |
| 07.32:16 | CAPT | Ja. |
| 07.32:20 | CAPT | Speed a bit low, speed is low. |
| 07.32:24 | CAPT | Ja OK, speed is OK. |
| 07.32:29 | FO | Windshield, uh windshiels anti-ice, ik zie niks. |
| [Windshield, uh windshield's anti-ice, I don't see anything] | ||
| 07.32:30 | CAPT | Ja. |
| 07.32:32 | FE | You're at fast. |
| 07.32:34 | CAPT | A bit low, bit low, bit low. |
| 07.32:36 | CAPT | OK, OK, OK. |
| 07.32:39 | CAPT | Wind is, uh, one ninety with twenty. |
| 07.32:44 | - | // Sound of double click // |
| // Sound of single click // | ||
| 07.32:47 | - | // Start of 'kettle' tone - radio altimeter passing 50 ft // |
| 07.32:48 | CAPT | Throttles. |
| 07.32:48 | - | // Sound of throttles pushed full forward // |
| 07.32:49 | - | // Touchdown // |
| 07.32:51 | - | // Sound of landing gear warning horn // |
| 07.32:58 | - | END OF RECORDING |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b 21 Dec 1992 DC-10 accident entry. Aviation-Safety.net
- ^ http://www.airdisaster.com/cvr/ma495tr.shtml
[edit] External links
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