Medial eye fields

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Medial eye fields are areas in the frontal lobe of the primate brain that play a role in visually guided eye movement^[1]. Most Neuroscientists refer to this area as the supplementary eye fields.

[edit] Notes

^ Schiller PH, Chou IH. "The effects of frontal eye field and dorsomedial frontal cortex lesions on visually guided eye movements." Nat Neurosci. 1998 Jul;1(3):248-53. PMID 10195151.

[edit] See also

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Human brain: forebrain (cerebrum · cerebral cortex · cerebral hemispheres, grey matter) (TA A14.1.09.002–240, 301–320, GA 9.818–826)

Superolateral

Prefrontal	Superior frontal gyrus (4l, 6l, 8l) · Middle frontal gyrus (9l, 10l, 46) Inferior frontal gyrus: 11l · 47-Pars orbitalis · Broca's area (44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis) Superior frontal sulcus · Inferior frontal sulcus

Precentral	Precentral gyrus · Precentral sulcus

Medial/inferior

Prefrontal	Superior frontal gyrus (4m, 6m) · Medial frontal gyrus (8m, 9m) Paraterminal gyrus/Paraolfactory area (12) · Straight gyrus (11m) · Orbital gyri/Orbitofrontal cortex (10m, 11m, 12) · Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (10m) · Subcallosal area (25) Olfactory sulcus · Orbital sulci

Precentral	Paracentral lobule (4) · Paracentral sulcus

Both

Primary motor cortex (4) · Premotor cortex (6) · Supplementary motor area (6) · Frontal eye fields (8)

Superolateral	Superior parietal lobule (5l, 7l) · Inferior parietal lobule (40-Supramarginal gyrus, 39-Angular gyrus) · Parietal operculum (43) Intraparietal sulcus

Medial/inferior	Paracentral lobule (1m, 2m, 3m, 5m) · Precuneus (7m) Marginal sulcus

Both	Postcentral gyrus/primary somatosensory cortex (1 · 2 · 3) · Secondary somatosensory cortex (5) · Posterior parietal cortex (7)

Superolateral	Occipital pole of cerebrum · Lateral occipital gyrus (18, 19) · Lunate sulcus · Transverse occipital sulcus

Medial/inferior	Primary visual cortex (17) · Cuneus · Lingual gyrus Calcarine fissure

Superolateral	Transverse temporal gyrus/Primary auditory cortex (41, 42) · Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22/Wernicke's area) · Middle temporal gyrus (21) · Inferior temporal gyrus (20) Superior temporal sulcus · Inferior temporal sulcus

Medial/inferior	Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (27 · 28 · 34 · 35 · 36) Inferior temporal sulcus

Interlobar
sulci/fissures

Superolateral	Central (frontal+parietal) · Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal) · Parieto-occipital · Preoccipital notch

Medial/inferior	Medial longitudinal · Cingulate (frontal+cingulate) · Collateral (temporal+occipital) · Callosal sulcus

Parahippocampal gyrus	anterior (Entorhinal cortex, Perirhinal cortex) · Posterior parahippocampal gyrus · Prepyriform area

Cingulate cortex/gyrus	Subgenual area (25) · Anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33) · Posterior cingulate (23, 31) Isthmus of cingulate gyrus: Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30)

Hippocampal formation	Hippocampal sulcus · Fimbria of hippocampus · Dentate gyrus · Rhinal sulcus

Other	Supracallosal gyrus · Uncus

Long gyrus of insula · Short gyri of insula · Circular sulcus of insula

General

Operculum · Poles of cerebral hemispheres

Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Sensory system: Visual system and eye movement pathways

Visual perception

1° (Bipolar cell of Retina) → 2° (Ganglionic cell) → 3° (Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN of Thalamus) → 4° (Optic radiation → Cuneus and Lingual gyrus of Visual cortex → Blobs → Globs)

Muscles of orbit

Tracking	Smooth pursuit: Parietal lobe · Occipital lobe Saccade: Frontal eye fields Nystagmus → Fixation reflex → PPRF

Horizontal gaze	PPRF → Abducens nucleus → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle

Vertical gaze	Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit

Vestibulo-ocular reflex	Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Abducens nucleus → MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle

Pupillary reflex

Pupillary dilation	1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)

Pupillary light reflex (constriction)	1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectal nucleus) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Oculomotor nerve → Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Ciliary ganglion) → (4° Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle)

Accommodation vergence	1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectal area) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle)

Circadian rhythm

Retina → Hypothalamus (Suprachiasmatic nucleus)

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

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