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Moses Yale Beach

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Moses Yale Beach
Born(1800-01-07)January 7, 1800
Wallingford, Connecticut
DiedJuly 18, 1868(1868-07-18) (aged 68)
Wallingford, Connecticut
Known forNew York Sun
Associated Press
ChildrenAlfred Ely Beach
Moses S. Beach
RelativesElihu Yale, cousin
Brewster Yale Beach, great great grandson
Signature

Moses Yale Beach (January 7, 1800 – July 18, 1868) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, philantropist and publisher, who started the Associated Press, and is credited with originating print syndication. His fortune, as of 1846, amounted to $300,000, which was about 1/4 of the fortune of Cornelius Vanderbilt at the time, and was featured in a book that he published named the Wealthy citizens of the City of New York.[1] His newspaper, the New York Sun, the most successful newspaper in America, became the first penny press in the United States, and was a pioneer on crime reporting and human-interest stories for the masses.[2][3][4]

Biography

Moses was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, to Moses Sperry Beach and Lucretia Yale, and was a cousin of fur trader James Murray Yale and Gov. Elihu Yale of Yale University.[5] His grandfather, Captain Elihu Yale (1747), was a bayonet manufacturer during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the largest landholders of Wallingford.[6][7] His father was a plain farmer, and gave him an ordinary education. He showed a mechanical aptitude from an early age, and at 14 was apprenticed to a cabinetmaker. Before his term was up, he purchased his freedom and established a cabinet-making business in Northampton, Massachusetts. The business failed, and he moved to Springfield. There he endeavoured to manufacture a gunpowder engine for propelling balloons; but this enterprise was also a failure.

He next attempted to open steam navigation on Connecticut river between Hartford and Springfield, and would have succeeded if financial difficulties had not obliged him to cease operations before his steamer was completed. He then invented a rag-cutting machine for paper mills. The invention was widely used, but Moses derived no pecuniary benefit due to his tardiness in applying for a patent. He then settled in Ulster County, New York, where he invested in an extensive paper mill. At first he was successful, and after six years was wealthy; but after seven years, an imprudent investment dispersed his fortune, and was compelled to abandon his enterprise.

In the meantime though, he had married the sister of Benjamin Day, founder and proprietor of the New York Sun. In 1835, he acquired an interest in the paper from George W. Wisner, an early founder who had been in charge of reporting police news and writing police reports, being the first to do so in the industry.[8] His brother was Gov. Moses Wisner, a member of the family of Patriot Henry Wisner, a gunpowder manufacturer for George Washington during the Revolutionary War. After selling his shares, he would go back to Michigan and found his own journal. The Sun was then small, both in the size of its sheet and circulation, and with a $40,000 payment, Moses soon became sole proprietor, acquiring the shares of Benjamin Day and Mr. Wisner.

The New York Sun, as a penny press journal, brought many innovations to the industry. They were the first newspaper to report crimes and personal events such as suicides, deaths, and divorces, which featured everyday people rather than public figures. As the early developers of the craft of reporting and storytelling, they changed journalism, and brought a new business model focused on mass-production and advertising rather than subscriptions. With the breakthrough of selling their newspaper for a penny, a very low price affordable to most, it got New Yorkers from all walks of life reading the news and stay informed. This innovation led the journal to eventually become the most successful newspaper in America.[9]

James Gordon Bennett Sr., intrigued by the success of the New York Sun, would go on and copy the paper and found his own journal in 1835, naming it the New York Herald.[10] Through his 10 years of proprietorship, Moses would expand the four-page paper from three to eight columns. He would also later develop horse, rail, and pigeon services to accelerate the speed of news-gathering into his New York offices.[11] According to historian Elmo Scott Watson, Moses invented print syndication in 1841 when he produced a two-page supplement and sold it to a score of newspapers in the U.S. northeast.[12]

In 1842, he published the first directory of wealthy Americans called the Wealth and Pedigree of Wealthy Citizens of New York City.[13] In the 1846 edition, Moses Yale Beach was featured with a fortune of US$300,000, which translates to 3.3 billions dollars in 2022 money in relation to GDP, and was featured along with Cornelius Vanderbilt at 1.2 million, and John Jacob Astor at 25 millions, the richest man in the world at the time.[14]

In May 1846, Moses organized the Associated Press[15] (at that time publisher of The Sun), and was joined by the New York Herald, the New York Courier and Enquirer, The Journal of Commerce, and the New York Evening Express.[16] The AP had been formed by the five New York daily papers to share the cost of transmitting news of the Mexican–American War.[17]

Mexican-American War

During the Mexican–American War, Moses went on a trip to Washington where he met with Secretary of State James Buchanan and U.S. President James K. Polk for talks. His mission, as the President personal spy, would be to try to persuade the Mexican government to settle its ongoing war with the United States. As he already had a personal relationship with the former foreign minister of Mexico, Juan Almonte, President Polk sent him to Mexico to arrange a treaty of peace, bringing with him his daughter and a journalist named Jane Cazneau. Arrived on Mexican grounds, Moses received informations from General Mirabeau Lamar, the former president of the Republic of Texas, about the disenchantment of the Mexican bishops and clergy, as they were penalized by the War.[18]

He took meetings with them and tried to organize a resistance. His resistance would prove successful as the Bishops were able to raise an army of 5,000 men. The financing provided also prevented the Mexican army to counterback U.S General Winfield Scott. Following the Polkos Revolt, President Santa Anna would post a reward to capture Moses and declared that anyone found with a copy of his paper, the New York Sun, would be punished as a traitor.[19] The negotiations were eventually broken off by a false report announcing the defeat of General Zachary Taylor by Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. Moses returned back home, along with General Scott, and eventually the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo would be settled, in 1847, where the territories of California and New Mexico would be obtained by the United States.[20]

Personal life

Moses Yale Beach house, Wallingford, Connecticut

Moses retired in 1857 with an ample fortune, and left the paper to his sons. He then returned to Wallingford, Connecticut, built the most luxurious Italianate house in the city, and engaged in local Philantropy.[21] The Moses Y. Beach Elementary School would later bore his name, following a land donation from him. He also gave $100,000 to the Union Army for the American Civil War and installed a 110 foot tall Liberty Pole in the city.[22]

Moses Yale Beach was married twice and left five sons and an illegitimate daughter named Julia Anna :

He also had a granddaughter named Emma, married to naturalist and artist Abbott Handerson Thayer, who pioneered the creation of the first effective forms of military camouflage. She was also credited with illustrations in the book Concealing Coloration in the Animal Kingdom and was also described in Mark Twain's The Innocents Abroad.

References

  1. ^ Moses Yale Beach (May 22, 1855). "The Wealth and Biography of the Wealthy Citizens of the City of New York, Page 4 and 29". Sun office. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  2. ^ Wm. David Sloan. "George W. Wisner: Michigan Editor and Politican". tandfonline.com. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  3. ^ "Benjamin Henry Day, American journalist and publisher". Encyclopaedia Britannica. September 5, 2022.
  4. ^ Bird, S. Elizabeth. For Enquiring Minds: A Cultural Study of Supermarket Tabloids. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992: 12-17.
  5. ^ "Yale genealogy and history of Wales : the British kings and princes, life of Owen Glyndwr, biographies of Governor Elihu Yale, for whom Yale University was named, Linus Yale, Sr". Archived.org. p. 170. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
  6. ^ "Yale genealogy and history of Wales : the British kings and princes, life of Owen Glyndwr, biographies of Governor Elihu Yale, for whom Yale University was named, Linus Yale, Sr". Archived.org. pp. 142–170. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
  7. ^ Moses Yale Beach (May 22, 1855). "The Wealth and Biography of the Wealthy Citizens of the City of New York, Page 4" (PDF). Sun office. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  8. ^ Julie Hedgepeth Williams. "The Founding of the Penny Press: Nothing New Under The Sun, The Herald or The Tribune" (PDF). Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  9. ^ Wm. David Sloan. "George W. Wisner: Michigan Editor and Politican". tandfonline.com. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  10. ^ Julie Hedgepeth Williams. "The Founding of the Penny Press: Nothing New Under The Sun, The Herald or The Tribune" (PDF). Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  11. ^ "Moses Yale Beach". Biography.yourdictionary.com. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  12. ^ Watson, Elmo Scott. "CHAPTER VIII: Recent Developments in Syndicate History 1921-1935," History of Newspaper Syndicates. Archived at Stripper's Guide.
  13. ^ Moses Yale Beach (May 22, 1855). "The Wealth and Biography of the Wealthy Citizens of the City of New York, Page 4 and 29". Sun office. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  14. ^ "Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount - 1790 to Present". MeasuringWorth.com. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  15. ^ "Associated Press Founded - This Day in History May 22". New York Natives. May 22, 2015. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  16. ^ Press, Gil. "The Birth of Atari, Modern Computer Design, And The Software Industry: This Week In Tech History". Forbes. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  17. ^ "Network effects". The Economist. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  18. ^ "Moses Yale Beach: Polk's Secret Emissary to Mexico". WarfareHistoryNetwork. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  19. ^ Tucker, Spencer; Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta; Pierpaoli Jr., Paul G.; Cutrer, Thomas W.; Santoni, Pedro (2013). The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History Vol1 P. 53. ISBN 9781851098538. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  20. ^ "Moses Yale Beach: Polk's Secret Emissary to Mexico". WarfareHistoryNetwork. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  21. ^ "Moses Yale Beach House, 86 North Main Street, Wallingford, New Haven County, CT". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  22. ^ Wallingford's Historic Legacy. 2020. ISBN 9781467104944. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
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