Nychthemeron
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Nychthemeron /nɪkˈθɛmərɒn/, occasionally nycthemeron or nuchthemeron, is a period of 24 consecutive hours. It is sometimes used, especially in technical literature, to avoid the ambiguity inherent in the term day.
It is the period of time that a calendar normally labels with a date, although a nychthemeron simply designates a time-span that can start at any time, not just midnight.
Etymology
[edit]It is a loanword from Ancient Greek νυχθήμερον (nukhthḗmeron), which appears in the New Testament.[1] This is a noun use of the neuter singular form of Ancient Greek: νυχθήμερος, romanized: nukhthḗmeros, lit. 'lasting a day and night', from νύξ (núx, “night”) + ἡμέρα (hēméra, “day”).
In other languages
[edit]Some languages have a word for 24 hours, or more loosely a day plus a night in no particular order. Unlike a calendar date, only the length is defined, with no particular start or end. Furthermore, these words are considered basic and native to these languages, so unlike nychthemeron they are not associated with jargon.
Words for 24 hours are listed in the middle column. For comparison, the word for day, in the meaning of daytime, the sunlit state, the opposite of night, is also listed in the rightmost column:
| Language | Family | 24 hours | Sunlit state |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danish | Germanic | døgn | dag |
| Norwegian (Bokmål) | Germanic | døgn[2] | dag |
| Norwegian (Nynorsk) | Germanic | døgn,[3] døger[3] | dag |
| Swedish | Germanic | dygn | dag |
| Icelandic | Germanic | sólarhringur ("sun-circle") | dagur |
| Faroese | Germanic | samdøgur | dagur |
| Old Norse | Germanic | dǿgr, dǿgn | dagr |
| North Frisian | Germanic | eetlem | däi |
| West Frisian | Germanic | etmel | dei |
| Dutch | Germanic | etmaal | dag |
| Esperanto | International auxiliary language | diurno,[4] tagnokto[5] ("day-night") | tago |
| Finnish | Uralic | vuorokausi ("turn-period") | päivä |
| Estonian | Uralic | ööpäev ("night-day") | päev |
| North Sámi | Uralic | jándor | beaivi |
| Latvian | Baltic | diennakts ("day-night") | diena |
| Lithuanian | Baltic | para | diena |
| Polish | Slavic | doba | dzień |
| Russian | Slavic | сутки [ˈsutkʲɪ] | день |
| Hebrew | Semitic | יממה | יום |
| Bulgarian | Slavic | денонощие ("day-night") | ден |
| Bengali | Indo-Aryan | দিবারাত্রি, দিনরাত | দিন |
| Sanskrit | Indo-Aryan | अहोरात्र | दिन |
| Tamil | Tamil | நாள் | பகல் |
| Ukrainian | Slavic | доба | день |
| Swahili | Bantu | siku | mchana |
| Indonesian/Malay | Malayic | hari | siang |
| Japanese | Japonic | 日 | 昼 |
| Korean | Koreanic | 일 | 낮 |
| Kannada | Kannada–Badaga | ದಿನ | ಹಗಲು |
| Welsh | Celtic | diwrnod; dwthwn ('that day') | dydd |
| Yiddish | Germanic | ֵמֵעֵת לְעֵת | טאָג |
The word dag, as in the Nordic languages, is etymologically the same as day in English.
References
[edit]- ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1889), An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ døgn in Bokmålsordboka
- ^ a b døgn/døger in Nynorskordboka
- ^ diurn/o in Reta Vortaro
- ^ nokt/o in Reta Vortaro
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| Measurement and standards |
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| Philosophy of time | |||||||||
| Human experience and use of time | |||||||||
| Time in science |
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