Phallotoxin
The phallotoxins consist of at least seven compounds, all of which are bicyclic heptapeptides (seven amino acids), isolated from the death cap (Amanita phalloides). Phalloidin had been isolated in 1937 by Feodor Lynen, Heinrich Wieland's student and son-in-law, and Ulrich Wieland of the University of Munich.[1][2] The remaining six are prophalloin, phalloin, phallisin, phallacidin, phallacin and phallisacin. Though highly toxic to liver cells, it has since been found to have little input into the death cap's toxicity as it is not absorbed through the gut. Furthermore, it is also found in the edible (and sought after) Blusher (Amanita rubescens).[3]
Chemical structures
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Phalloidin
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Prophalloin -
Phalloin -
Phallisin -
Phallacidin -
Phallacin -
Phallisacin
See also
- Amatoxins, a closely related class of mycotoxins
References
- ^ Theodor Wieland (1987). "50 Jahre Phalloidin". Naturwissenschaften. 74 (8): 367–373. doi:10.1007/BF00405464. PMID 3309681.
- ^ Feodor Lynen, Ulrich Wieland (1938). "Über die Giftstoffe des Knollenblätterpilzes". Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie. 533 (1): 93–117. doi:10.1002/jlac.19385330105.
- ^ Litten, W. (1975). "The most poisonous mushrooms". Scientific American. 232 (3): 90–101. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0375-90. PMID 1114308.
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Poisonous Amanita mushrooms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subgenus Amanita |
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| Subgenus Amanitina |
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