Psicose

D-Psicose
Names
	IUPAC name (3R,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one
	Other names Allulose
Identifiers
CAS Number	23140-52-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:27605 ;
ChemSpider	81254 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.182
MeSH	psicose
PubChem CID	90008;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3,5-9,11-12H,1-2H2/t3-,5-,6+/m1/s1 Key: BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-PUFIMZNGSA-N ; InChI=1/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3,5-9,11-12H,1-2H2/t3-,5-,6+/m1/s1 Key: BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-PUFIMZNGBH;
	SMILES O=C([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)CO;
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H12O6
Molar mass	180.156 g·mol−1
Melting point	58 °C
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

D-Psicose (D-allulose, D-ribo-2-hexulose, C₆H₁₂O₆) is an ultralow-energy monosaccharide sugar. It is a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, and is present in small quantities in agricultural products and commercially prepared carbohydrate complexes. It is known as a rare sugar because it is rarely found in nature, and even when found, only in small amounts. D-Psicose yields only 0.3% the metabolic energy of the equivalent amount of sucrose.^[1] Its name derives from the antibiotic psicofuranine, from which it can be isolated.

Research is being conducted into how it can be used in diets to aid in combating hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. The first mass production method for D-psicose was established when Ken Izumori at Kagawa University in Japan discovered the key enzyme, D-tagatose 3-epimerase, to convert fructose to D-psicose in 1994.^[2]^[3] This method of D-psicose production has a high yield but suffers from a very high production cost, in the hands of the Kagawa research group. In 2012, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a letter of no questions for the notification of D-psicose being generally recognized as safe (GRAS), paving the way for use in food in the US. ^[4]^[5]

References

^ Matsuo T, Suzuki H, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K (2002). "D-psicose is a rare sugar that provides no energy to growing rats". J Nutr Sci Vitaminol（Tokyo）. 48 (1): 77–80. PMID 12026195.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Itoh H, Okaya H, Khan AR, Tajima S, Hayakawa S, Izumori K (1994). "Purification and characterization of D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Pseudomonas sp. ST-24". Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 58: 2168–2171. doi:10.1271/bbb.58.2168.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Itoh H, Sato T, Izumori K (1995). "Preparation of d-psicose from d-fructose by immobilized d-tagatose 3-epimerase." J Fermentation and Bioengineering 80(1): 101–103.
^ GRAS Notice Inventory
^ "GRAS exemption claim for D-psicose as an ingredient in foods" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

[1] Matsuo T, Suzuki H, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K (2002). "D-psicose is a rare sugar that provides no energy to growing rats". J Nutr Sci Vitaminol（Tokyo）. 48 (1): 77–80. PMID 12026195.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Itoh H, Okaya H, Khan AR, Tajima S, Hayakawa S, Izumori K (1994). "Purification and characterization of D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Pseudomonas sp. ST-24". Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 58: 2168–2171. doi:10.1271/bbb.58.2168.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Itoh H, Sato T, Izumori K (1995). "Preparation of d-psicose from d-fructose by immobilized d-tagatose 3-epimerase." J Fermentation and Bioengineering 80(1): 101–103.

[4] GRAS Notice Inventory

[5] "GRAS exemption claim for D-psicose as an ingredient in foods" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

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