Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel

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The Earl of Arundel

gules, a lion rampant or [1]
Born 1346
Died 21 September 1397
London, England
Occupation Admiral (1377)
Title Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surry
Spouse Elizabeth Bohun
Philippa Mortimer
Children Thomas, Elizabeth, Joan, Margaret, Alice
Parents Richard FitzAlan
Eleanor of Lancaster

Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel and 9th Earl of Surrey KG (1346 – 21 September 1397) was an English medieval nobleman and military commander.

Contents

[edit] Lineage

He was the son of Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster and was born in 1346.[2] He succeeded his father on 24 January 1376.

His brother was Thomas Arundel who was Bishop of Ely from 1374 to 1388, then Archbishop of York from 1388 to 1397, then Archbishop of Canterbury.[3]

At the coronation of Richard II, Richard FitzAlan carried the crown.[2]

[edit] Admiral

Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel; Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester; Thomas de Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham; Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick; and Henry, Earl of Derby (later Henry IV), demand Richard II to let them prove by arms the justice for their rebellion

In 1377 he was Admiral of the West and South.[2] In this capacity, he attacked Harfleur at Whitsun 1378, but was forced to return to his ships by the defenders. Later, he and John of Gaunt attempted to seize Saint-Malo but were unsuccessful.[4]

[edit] Power Struggle

FitzAlan was closely aligned with Thomas, Duke of Gloucester who was uncle of King Richard II. Thomas was opposed to Richard II's desire for peace with France in the Hundred Years War and a power struggle ensued between him and Gloucester. In late 1386, Gloucester forced Richard II to name himself and Richard FitzAlan to Richard's Council.[5] This Council was to all intents and purposes a Regency Council for Richard II, however Richard limited the duration of the Council's powers to be one year.[6]

[edit] Knight of the Garter

In 1386, Richard II named him Admiral of England, as well as being made a Knight of the Garter.[2] As Admiral of England, he defeated a Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off Margate in March 1387, along with Thomas de Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham.[6]

[edit] New Favourites

In August, the King dismissed Gloucester and FitzAlan from the Council and replaced them with his favourites - including the Archbishop of York, Alexander Neville, the Duke of Ireland Robert de Vere, Michael de la Pole the Earl of Suffolk, Sir Robert Tresilian who was the Chief Justice, and the former Mayor of London Nicholas Brembre.[7]

[edit] Radcot Bridge

The King summoned Gloucester and FitzAlan to a meeting, but instead of coming, they raised troops and defeated the new Council at Radcot Bridge, taking the favorites prisoner. The Merciless Parliament the next year condemned the favorites. FitzAlan was one of the Lords Appellant who accused and condemned Richard II's favorites.[5] He made himself particularly odious to the King by refusing, along with Gloucester to spare the life of Sir Simon Burley who had been condemned by the Merciless Parliament, even though the queen, Anne of Bohemia went down on her knees before them to beg for mercy. King Richard never forgave this humiliation and planned and waited for his moment of revenge. In 1394 FitzAlan further antagonized the King by arriving late for the queen's funeral. Richard II in a rage snatched a wand and struck FitzAlan in the face and drew blood. Shortly after that, the King feigned a reconciliation but he was only biding his time for the right moment to strike. Arundel was named Governor of Brest in 1388.[2]

[edit] Opposed to Peace

Peace was concluded with France in 1389, however Richard FitzAlan followed Gloucester's lead and stated that he would never agree with the peace that had been concluded.[5]

[edit] Marriage and children

Arundel married twice.

His first wife was Elizabeth de Bohun, daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere. They married around 28 September 1359 and had seven children:[2][8]

Arundel then married Philippa Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March. Her mother was Philippa Plantagenet, a daughter of Lionel of Antwerp and thus a granddaughter of Edward III. They had no children.[2]

[edit] Death and Succession

On 12 July 1397 he was arrested for his opposition to Richard II,[2] as well as plotting with Gloucester to imprison the king.[10] He stood trial at Westminster and was attainted.[11] He was beheaded on 21 September 1397 and was buried in the church of the Augustin Friars, Bread Street, London.[2] Tradition holds that his final words were said to the executioner, "Torment me not long, strike off my head in one blow".[12] In October of 1400, the attainder was reversed, and Richard's son Thomas succeeded to his father's estates and honors.[2]

[edit] Ancestry

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Some Feudal Coats of Arms and Pedigrees. Joseph Foster. 1902. (p.115)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n G. E. C. The Complete Peerage p. 244-245
  3. ^ Powell, et al. The House of Lords p. 398
  4. ^ Seward The Hundred Years War p. 124-125
  5. ^ a b c Seward The Hundred Years War p. 136-139
  6. ^ a b Powell et al. The House of Lords p. 400-401
  7. ^ Powell et al. The House of Lords p. 404
  8. ^ Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Earls of Arundel (Fitzalan)
  9. ^ Memorials of the Order of the Garter, from Its Foundation to the Present ... By George Frederick p. 298 accessed 1 November 2007
  10. ^ Seward The Hundred Years War p. 142
  11. ^ Powell et al. The House of Lords p. 417
  12. ^ Thomas B. Costain The Last Plantagenets, page 200

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Peerage of England
Preceded by
Richard FitzAlan		 Earl of Arundel
1376–1397		 Succeeded by
Thomas FitzAlan
Earl of Surrey
(1st creation)
1376–1397
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