Sébastien Faure
Sébastien Faure | |
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| Born | January 6, 1858 Loire, France |
| Died | July 14, 1942 (aged 84) Royan, Charente-Maritime, France |
| Era | |
| Region | Western philosophy |
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Sébastien Faure (6 January 1858 – 14 July 1942)[1] was a French anarchist,[2] freethought and secularist activist and a principal proponent of synthesis anarchism.[3][4]
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Biography
Before becoming a free-thinker, Faure was a seminarist. He engaged in politics as a socialist before turning to anarchism in 1888.
In 1894, he was prosecuted in "The Trial of the thirty" ("Procès des trente"), but was acquitted. In 1895, he cofounded "Le Libertaire" with Louise Michel, taking the name of the earlier journal by Joseph Déjacque. At the time of the Dreyfus affair, he was one of the leading supporters of Alfred Dreyfus. In 1904, he created a libertarian school, La Ruche ("The Hive"), close to Rambouillet. In 1916, he launched the periodical "Ce qu'il faut dire". Faure also co-founded (with Voline) the Synthesis, or also known as synthesis anarchism which was an influential form of conceiving anarchist federations.[5][6]
Bibliography
He is recognized for his pedagogy and his qualities as a speaker, and is the author of several books:
- The universal pain (1895)
- My Communism (1921)
- The Forces Of The Revolution (1921)
- Religious imposture (1923)
- Subversive remarks
- Twelve Proofs of God's Inexistence (1908)
He was also the founder of the Anarchist encyclopedia,[7] as well as the namesake of the Sébastien Faure Century, the French-speaking contingent of the Durruti Column during the civil war in Spain.
Synthesis anarchism
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The discussion about the Anarchist Synthesis arises in the context of the discussion on the Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists, written by the Dielo Truda group of Russian exiles in 1926.[8]
Two texts made as responses to the Platform, each proposing a different organizational model, became the basis for what is known as the organisation of synthesis, or simply "synthesism".[9] Voline published in 1924 a paper calling for "the anarchist synthesis" and was also the author of the article in Sébastien Faure's Encyclopedie Anarchiste on the same topic.[10] The main purpose behind the synthesis was that the anarchist movement in most countries was divided into three main tendencies: communist anarchism, anarcho-syndicalism, and individualist anarchism[11] and so such an organization could contain anarchists of these three tendencies very well.
The platformists wanted to push their ideas forward through organizing an international anarchist congress on 12 February 1927.[12] Shortly later in the National Congress of the French Anarchist Union (UAF), the Dielo Truda Group achieved making their platform more popular and so they made the UAF change its name into Revolutionary Anarcho-Communist Union (UACR). Sébastien Faure led a faction within the UACR that decided to separate themselves from this organization and form outside it the Association of Federalist Anarchists (AFA), thinking that traditional anarchist ideas were being threatened by the Dielo Truda platform.[13] Shortly later in his text "Anarchist synthesis" he exposes the view that "these currents were not contradictory but complementary, each having a role within anarchism: anarcho-syndicalism as the strength of the mass organisations and the best way for the practice of anarchism; libertarian communism as a proposed future society based on the distribution of the fruits of labour according to the needs of each one; anarcho-individualism as a negation of oppression and affirming the individual right to development of the individual, seeking to please them in every way.[14] Sebastian Faure had strong contacts in Spain and so his proposal had more impact with Spanish anarchists than the Dielo Truda platform even though individualist anarchist influence in Spain was less strong than it was in France. The main goal there was reconciling anarcho-communism with anarcho-syndicalism.[15]
Selected works
See also
References
- ^ Davranche, Jean Maitron, Guillaume (2021-08-10), "FAURE Sébastien, Auguste, Louis", Dictionnaire des anarchistes (in French), Paris: Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier, retrieved 2022-08-19
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Gay, Kathlyn (1999). Encyclopedia of Political Anarchy. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 73. ISBN 0-87436-982-7.
- ^ "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa
- ^ Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República." Archived 2012-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa
- ^ Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República." Archived 2012-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rodriguez, Cecilia (19 September 2018). "Landmark Auction In Paris: Treasures From The Homes Of Yves Saint Laurent And Pierre Bergé". Forbes. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
as well as Sebastian Faure's mythical 'Anarchist Encyclopedia.'
- ^ "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa
- ^ "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa
- ^ "J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?" in An Anarchist FAQ Archived 2010-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?" in An Anarchist FAQ Archived 2010-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República." Archived 2012-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Tras la victoria de los plataformistas en el Congreso de París de 1929, una sección de los que consideraron que las ideas tradicionales del anarquismo estaban siendo atacadas se separó de la UACR para formar la Asociación de los Federalistas Anarquistas a comienzos de 192821. La principal figura de la AFA fue Sébastien Faure que, como respuesta a la Plataforma, expuso sus propuestas para un movimiento anarquista unificado en La síntesis anarquista, que apareció primero como un suplemento del informe de la AFA de febrero de 1928 titulado Le Trait d’Union Libertaire"Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República." Archived 2012-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa
- ^ "Debido a sus contactos e influencia con el movimiento del exilio español, la propuesta de Faure arraigó más en los círculos españoles que la Plataforma, y fue publicada en las prensas libertarias tanto en España como en Bélgica25. En esencia, Faure intentaba reunir a la familia anarquista sin imponer la rígida estructura que proponía la Plataforma, y en España se aceptó así. Opuesta a la situación de Francia, en España la influencia del anarquismo individualista no fue un motivo serio de ruptura. Aunque las ideas de ciertos individualistas como Han Ryner y Émile Armand tuvieron cierto impacto sobre el anarquismo español, afectaron sólo a aspectos como el sexo y el amor libre."Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República." Archived 2012-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
External links
- Articles by Sébastien Faure on Marxists.org
- Sébastien Faure page at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia.
- The anarchist encyclopedia Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4
- Faure Archive at the Anarchy Archives.
- The Revolutionary Forces by Sebastien Faure
- Sébastien Faure French Freethinker, Secularist, and Proponent of Synthesis Anarchism, at RevoltLib.com
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