Tanegashima
Tanegashima (種子島) is an island lying to the south of Kyushu, in southern Japan, and is part of Kagoshima Prefecture. The island is the second largest of the Ōsumi Islands.
It is a long low stretch of land, carefully cultivated, 57.5 kilometers from north to south, and 5–12 kilometers from east to west. On the island, there is a city, Nishinoomote, and two towns, Nakatane and Minamitane. The towns belong to Kumage District.
New Tanegashima Airport serves the island, offering daily flights to Kagoshima and Ōsaka.
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Prehistory [edit]
Burial sites on Tanegashima, namely the Yokomine and Hirota sites, attest to a uniquely well-developed Yayoi period culture there living at the end of the 4th century AD.[1] The artifacts include magatama, an engraved pendant, and emblems with apparent writing.[2]
Introduction of firearms into Japan [edit]
This island is celebrated as the site of the first known contact of Europe and the Japanese, in 1543. A Ryukyuan trading post had been established there several decades earlier, and all traffic from the Ryukyus to Kagoshima on Kyushu, in southern Japan, was obliged to pass through this station. Thus it was that the Portuguese ship, having been blown off course from China to Okinawa made their way to Tanegashima, and not directly to Japan proper.[3]
Until modern times, firearms were colloquially known in Japan as "Tanegashima", due to the belief that they were introduced by the Portuguese on board that ship. In his memoirs published in 1614, Portuguese adventurer turned author, Fernão Mendes Pinto placed himself in that first landing party, although this claim has been roundly discredited and in fact contradicts with his claims to be simultaneously in Burma at the time. However, Mendes Pinto does appear to have visited Tanegashima soon thereafter.
The Europeans had arrived to trade, not only guns, but also soap, tobacco and other goods unknown in medieval Japan, for the Japanese goods.
Knife industry [edit]
Edge tools (particularly knives and scissors) made in Tanegashima are famous traditional handicrafts in Japan. Craftsmen in Tanegashima have kept alive traditional techniques for forging and sharpening iron tools. Tanegashima is also famous as the center of sand iron production. The technique has been around since about 1185 when the Taira clan were exiled here from their native Kyoto by Minamoto no Yoritomo, taking with them craftsmen and chefs from Kyoto. The people of the island speak with a Kyoto accent even now, rather than a Kyūshū or Kagoshima accent, despite its proximity to Kyūshū. These craftsmen were the original users of the distinct techniques used for forging and sharpening. The technique is unique in the world, and produces such tools as "Tanegashima Hocho" (Tanegashima knives), used by many chefs in Kyoto and Kansai, and "Tane-basami" (Tanegashima scissors), preferred by many for the art of Bonsai.
Since 1543, when firearms were introduced, ironworking craftsmen on Tanegashima expanded their original techniques to include the creation of high quality firearms.
Climate [edit]
Tanegashima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very warm summers and mild winters. Precipitation is high throughout the year, but is highest in the months of May, June and September.
| Climate data for Tanegashima | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
26.1 (79) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.1 (61) |
22.05 (71.68) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.8 (64) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
25.6 (78.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
19.33 (66.81) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.0 (59) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
15.0 (59) |
10.7 (51.3) |
16.78 (62.22) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 105.9 (4.169) |
104.8 (4.126) |
160.3 (6.311) |
207.4 (8.165) |
287.9 (11.335) |
351.8 (13.85) |
189.0 (7.441) |
205.2 (8.079) |
253.2 (9.969) |
161.2 (6.346) |
117.6 (4.63) |
93.3 (3.673) |
2,237.6 (88.094) |
| % humidity | 68 | 69 | 71 | 75 | 79 | 85 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 73 | 70 | 68 | 75.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 123.0 | 114.0 | 143.5 | 147.4 | 158.1 | 138.6 | 234.5 | 238.2 | 182.5 | 169.8 | 133.8 | 130.5 | 1,913.9 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [4] | |||||||||||||
Tanegashima Space Center [edit]
The headquarters of JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the Tanegashima Space Center spaceport is located at the southeastern end of the island.
Total solar eclipse in 2009 [edit]
Sporting events [edit]
The Tanegashima "Rocket Marathon" takes place in March each year.[5]
Notable people [edit]
- Miyu Uehara (1987–2011), a Japanese gravure idol and TV personality born in Tanegashima
References [edit]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tanega-shima". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ http://archaeology.jp/sites/2008/hirota.htm
- ^ http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/english/exhibitions/project/o020319.html
- ^ Kerr, George H. Okinawa: The History of an Island People. revised ed. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2000. p141,144.
- ^ "Tanegashima Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ JAXA March 2005 News
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tanegashima |
Tanegashima travel guide from Wikivoyage
Coordinates: 30°34′26″N 130°58′52″E / 30.57389°N 130.98111°E
