Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
Names
	IUPAC name Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)
	Other names Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0); TPP platinum(0)
Identifiers
CAS Number	14221-02-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.034.610
PubChem CID	11979705;
RTECS number	Unregistered;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4065733 ;
	SMILES c0ccccc0[P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)[Pt-4]([P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)c0ccccc0)([P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)c0ccccc0)[P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)c0ccccc0;
Properties
Chemical formula	Template:CarbonTemplate:HydrogenTemplate:PhosphorusTemplate:Platinum
Molar mass	1244.24 g/mol
Appearance	yellow crystals
Melting point	160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Structure
Coordination geometry	four triphenylphosphine unidentate; ligands attached to a central Pt(0); atom in a tetrahedral geometry
Molecular shape	tetrahedral
Dipole moment	0 D
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	PPh3 is an irritant
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 1
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Related compounds
Related complexes	Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0); tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0); tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
Related compounds	triphenylphosphine
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) is the chemical compound with the formula Pt(P(C₆H₅)₃)₄, often abbreviated Pt(PPh₃)₄. The bright yellow compound is used as a precursor to other platinum complexes.^[1]^[2]

Structure and behavior

The molecule is tetrahedral, with point group symmetry of T_d, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d¹⁰ configuration.^[3] Even though this complex follows the 18 electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16e⁻ derivative containing only three PPh₃ ligands:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ → Pt(PPh₃)₃ + PPh₃

Synthesis and reactions

The complex is typically prepared in one-pot reaction from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). Reduction of this platinum(II) species with alkaline ethanol in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine affords the product as a precipitate. The reaction occurs in two distinct steps. In the first step, PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ is generated. In the second step, this platinum(II) complex is reduced. The overall synthesis can be summarized as:

K₂[PtCl₄] + 2KOH + 4PPh₃ + C₂H₅OH → Pt(PPh₃)₄ + 4KCl + CH₃CHO + 2H₂O

Pt(PPh₃)₄ reacts with oxidants to give platinum(II) derivatives:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ + Cl₂ → cis-PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃

Mineral acids give the corresponding hydride complexes:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ + HCl → trans-PtCl(H)(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃

The reaction with oxygen affords a dioxygen complex:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ + O₂ → Pt(η²-O₂)(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃

This complex is a precursor to the ethylene complex

Pt(η²-O₂)(PPh₃)₂ + C₂H₄ → Pt(η²-C₂H₄)(PPh₃)₂ + "NaBH₂(OH)₂"

References

^ Ugo, R.; Cariati, F.; La Monica, G. (1990). "Tris- and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)". Inorganic Syntheses. 28: 123–126. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch33. ISBN 9780470132593.
^ Safety Data Sheet http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/10549.pdf
^ Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.

[1] Ugo, R.; Cariati, F.; La Monica, G. (1990). "Tris- and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)". Inorganic Syntheses. 28: 123–126. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch33. ISBN 9780470132593.

[2] Safety Data Sheet http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/10549.pdf

[3] Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.

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