Timeline of Prayagraj
This is a timeline of the history of the city of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
7th century BC
- Excavations have revealed Northern Black Polished Ware dating to Indian Iron Age.[1]
4th century BC
- A strong fortification at Prayaga was recorded by Seleucus I Nicator at the junction of Ganga and Yamuna river.[2]
3rd century BC
- A sculptured monument (Pillars of Ashoka) was erected in Prayaga by Ashoka the Great for inscribing his edicts.[2]
7th century
The Chinese traveler Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) described a ritual organized by Emperor Shiladitya (identified with Harsha) at the confluence of two rivers, in the kingdom of Po-lo-ye-kia (identified with Prayaga). He also mentions that many hundreds took a bath at the confluence, to wash away their sins.[4] According to some scholars, this is earliest surviving historical account of the Prayaga Kumbh Mela, which took place in Prayaga in 644 CE.[5] However, Xuanzang's reference is about an event that happened every 5 years (and not 12 years), and might have been a Buddhist celebration (since Harsha was a Buddhist emperor).[6][7]
10th century
- Pratihara Empire including Prayaga and Kannauj was captured and plundered by Indra III under the reign of Mahipala I.[8]
12th century
- The city was invaded by Shihab al-Din, the sultan of Ghurid Empire.[9]
14th century
- City went under the Khilji dynasty, ruled by Alauddin Khilji.[10]
16th century
- Akbar, the Mughal Emperor, renovated and reconstructed the damaged walls of Allahabad Fort.[10][11]
17th century
- Prince Khusrau died that year.[13][14] After his death his father Jahangir built his mausoleum in the city along with his mother and sister at Khusro Bagh.[10]
18th century
- Muhammad Khan Bangash of the Mughal Empire became the subahdar (governor) of Allahabad Province.[15][16]
- City fell into the hands of Maratha Empire until 1750.[10]
- Pathans of Farrukhabad sacked the city.[10]
- Safdarjung, the Nawab of Awadh seized the city and held it until 1765.[10]
- August 12: Treaty of Allahabad was signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of Company rule in India.[17]
19th century
- Annexation of the city by the British East India Company (beginning the Company rule).[18][19]
- The city became the seat of Ceded and Conquered Provinces before the capital was shifted to Agra in 1835.[22]
- Holy Trinity Church, the first church in the city, was established.[23][24]
- Rail transport was introduced to the city; the first railway line between Calcutta and Allahabad was completed.[25][26][27]
- Allahabad was a participant in the Rebellion of 1857.[28] The city, with a number of European troops,[29] was the scene of a massacre.[30]
- Civil Lines was built; it was the largest town-planning project carried out in India before the establishment of New Delhi.[31][32]
- Earl Canning, at Minto Park, read out the declaration of Queen Victoria's Proclamation which resulted in the complete transfer of control over India from The East India Company to the government of Britain (beginning the British Rule).[33][34]
- The city became the seat of North-Western Provinces.[35]
- It became the capital of India.[35]
- March 3: First passenger train in North India ran between Allahabad and Kanpur.
- Allahabad Municipal Corporation established as the Municipal Board of Allahabad.[37]
- Allahabad Public Library was established. [38]
- The Pioneer made its first appearance.[39]
- August 15: Construction of the Old Naini Bridge was completed.[40]
- Allahabad Bank was established.[41]
- November 25: The Allahabad High Court was inaugurated. Though it sat in Agra till 1868.[42]
- The High Court was moved back to Allahabad from Agra.[42]
- The building of Thornhill Mayne Memorial was built.[38]
- State Police Headquarters established in the city.[38]
- Alfred Park was built.[38]
- April 10: Foundation stone of All Saints Cathedral was laid.[43]
- Population: 143,700.[20][44]
- A. H. Wheeler was founded.[45][46]
- St. Joseph's Cathedral was built.[47]
- Mayo Memorial Hall was built.[48]
- September 23: University of Allahabad, the fourth oldest University in India, was established.[50]
- The fourth conference of the Indian National Congress addressed in the city by George Yule.[51][52]
- The eighth conference of the Indian National Congress addressed in the city by Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee.[52]
- The city was hit by the Famine of 1896. A considerable effect was seen in the decrease of the city population during the Census of 1901.[54][20][55]
- The fifteenth conference of the Indian National Congress addressed in the city by Romesh Chunder Dutt.[52]
20th century
- The city became the capital of United Provinces till 1920.[35][57]
- Curzon Bridge was built; it linked the city, through rail road, to the northern regions of the state[58]
- Ewing Christian College was established.[59][60]
- October 24: The Leader was first published. It circulated until 1967.[61][62]
- Population: 171,700.[20][64]
- Henri Pequet carried the world's first official airmail from Allahabad to Naini.[65][66]
- Allahabad Airport was built.[67]
- April 11: Salt March carried out by Jawaharlal Nehru.[69][70]
- Allahabad Address was made by Muhammad Iqbal.[71]
- February 27: Chandrashekhar Azad died at Alfred Park.[72]
- Allahabad Museum was established.[73]
- Population: 183,900.[20][74]
- Allahabad Kumbh Mela banned by the British Government due to fears of Japanese bombing the nearby situated Akbar Fort during the World War II[76]
- First incident of Kumbh Mela stampede occurred.[78]
- Jawahar Planetarium was built.[81]
- First Indira Marathon was conducted.[83]
- Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad was established.[85]
21st century
- New Yamuna Bridge was completed.[87]
- Population: 1,117,094.[88]
- February 10: An estimated 30 million people gathered in the city to bathe on Mauni Amavasya during Kumbh Mela.[89][90][91][92]
- Second incident of Kumbh Mela stampede occurred.[93]
- January 25: MoU signed between the United States Trade and Development Agency and the Government of Uttar Pradesh for developing the city as a smart city.[94][95] [96]
- June 23: Civil Lines Bus Depot became the first public spot in the city to be equipped with free Wi-Fi.[97][98]
See also
References
- ^ Shiva Kumar Dubey. Kumbh city Prayag. Centre for Cultural Resources and Training. pp. 31–41. Retrieved Nov 4, 2014.
{{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Bhatia, H. S. (Jan 1, 2008). Military History of British India, 1607-1947. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 95. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. A-16. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ Buddhist Records of the Western World, Book V by Xuan Zang
- ^ Dilip Kumar Roy; Indira Devi (1955). Kumbha: India's ageless festival. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xxii.
- ^ Vikram Doctor (2013-02-10). "Kumbh mela dates back to mid-19th century, shows research". Economic Times.
- ^ Kama MacLean (August 2003). "Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad". The Journal of Asian Studies. 62 (3): 873–905. doi:10.2307/3591863.
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 21. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5 (New Edition). Clarendon Press. p. 299. Retrieved Nov 6, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Bhatia, H. S. (Jan 1, 2008). Military History of British India, 1607-1947. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 96. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ^ Jayapalan, N. (2000). Social and Cultural History of India Since 1556. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 19.
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 61. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ Mahajan V.D. (1991, reprint 2007) History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, pp.126-7
- ^ Melton, J. Gordon (Jan 15, 2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 1163. Retrieved Nov 3, 2014.
- ^ http://www.san.beck.org/2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html
- ^ http://www.bangaloremirror.com/columns/views/Giving-women-their-due-in-history/articleshow/49896877.cms
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. A-96. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ Everyman's Dictionary of Dates; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 32
- ^ Bhatia, H. S. (Jan 1, 2008). Military History of British India, 1607-1947. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 97. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Historical Census of India".
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ H.S. Bhatia. Military History of British India: 1607 - 1947. Deep and Deep Publications'. p. 97. ISBN 978-81-8450-079-0. Retrieved 16 Feb 2014.
- ^ Times of India "Lecture on churches of Allahabad". Jan 3, 2013.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ "THE HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, ALLAHABAD". Hindustan Times (Lucknow). Dec 25, 2012.
- ^ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA122&dq=Allahabad+Municipal+board+established&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAGoVChMIgK2gppCmyAIVigSOCh1_nwde#v=onepage&q=Allahabad%20Municipal%20board%20established&f=false
- ^ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jPttAAAAMAAJ&q=1856+allahabad+rail&dq=1856+allahabad+rail&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAWoVChMIiqKQ9pOmyAIVglaOCh3Arwtd
- ^ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3sMBAAAAMAAJ&q=1856+allahabad+rail&dq=1856+allahabad+rail&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwB2oVChMIiqKQ9pOmyAIVglaOCh3Arwtd
- ^ Visalakshi Menon (9 October 2003). From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937–42. SAGE Publications. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-7619-9620-0. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ^ Edward John Thompson; Geoffrey Theodore Garratt. Rise and Fulfilment of British rule in India. Central Book Depot. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
- ^ Pletcher, Kenneth (15 August 2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 128. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ Jonathan M. Bloom, Sheila Blai (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 3. Oxford University Press. p. 57. ISBN 8125013830.
- ^ Henry George Keene (1875). A Hand-book for Visitors to Lucknow: With Preliminary Notes on Allahabad and Cawnpore. J. Jetley. pp. 14–15. ISBN 81-206-1527-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA453&dq=minto+park+allahabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oFbyUfGIMdHKrAft54BA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=minto%20park%20allahabad&f=false
- ^ http://www.bharatonline.com/uttar-pradesh/travel/allahabad/minto-park.html
- ^ a b c Ashutosh Joshi (1 Jan 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 8189422820.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA122&dq=Allahabad+Municipal+board+established&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAGoVChMIgK2gppCmyAIVigSOCh1_nwde#v=onepage&q=Allahabad%20Municipal%20board%20established&f=false
- ^ a b c d Ashutosh Joshi (1 January 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 8189422820.
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 142. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/r/019pho000000394u00061000.html
- ^ ., Rajesh. Banking Theory Law N Practice. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 8. Retrieved Nov 4, 2014.
{{cite book}}:|last=has numeric name (help) - ^ a b Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 142–143. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ "All Saints Cathedral celebrates 130th Anniversary today". The Times of India. Oct 31, 2001.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ Motihar, Jhilmil (2011-08-19). "The original Wheeler dealers". New Delhi: HT Media. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ Sethi, Atul (2011-09-04). "Train of thoughts". Mumbai: Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ "Churches in Allahabad". allahabadinfo.com. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ^ http://library.uvic.ca/spcoll/guides/sc131.html
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ Handbook of Universities, Volume 1. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. Jan 1, 2006. p. 17. ISBN 81-269-0607-3. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ^ Catherine Hall; Sonya O. Rose (2006). At Home with the Empire: Metropolitan Culture and the Imperial World. Cambridge University Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-139-46009-5.
- ^ a b c Aggarwal, R. C. General Knowledge for all Competitive Exams. Bright Publications. p. 94. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5 (New Edition). Clarendon Press. p. 230. Retrieved Nov 6, 2014.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help) - ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ Kerry Ward. Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company. Cambridge University Press. p. 340. ISBN 978-0-521-88586-7. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
{{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "India Office Select Materials". Retrieved 24 May 2013.
- ^ http://www.ecc.ac.in/collg_profile.php
- ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 241
- ^ "The Leader (Allahabad, India)".
Vol. 1, no. 1. (Oct. 24, 1909)-v. 230, no. 20762 (Sept. 6, 1967)
- ^ "Newspapers and Periodicals: N4787 The Leader". Duke University Library System.
- ^ Anderson, G.H. (1999). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. W.B. Eerdmans Pub. p. 292. ISBN 9780802846808. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ "The First Airmail Flight in the World".
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. B-17. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ Ashutosh Joshi (1 Jan 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 8189422820.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ Khanal, Vinod (Nov 9, 2014). "Nehru defied British, made salt at Allahabad". The Times of India. Allahabad. Retrieved Nov 14, 2014.
- ^ Khanal, Vinod (Nov 13, 2014). "Mahatma Gandhi describes Nehru's arrest in 1930 as 'rest'". The Times of India. Allahabad. Retrieved Nov 14, 2014.
- ^ Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Address, from Columbia University site
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. B-19. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ^ "Allahabad Museum to celebrate Foundation Day". The Times of India. Mar 5, 2010.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ http://m.timesofindia.com/city/allahabad/British-scrapped-Magh-mela-in-1942/articleshow/50575926.cms
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ The worst stampede was in Allahabad in 1954, killing 800. The Guardian, 28 August 2003.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ Institutions JNMF.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ "Stage set for Indira Marathon on Nov 19". The Times of India. 16 November 2010.
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ http://m.indiatoday.in/education/story/iiit-allahabad-admissions-m.tech-courses-invited/1/351872.html
- ^ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ^ http://www.maurer-soehne.com/files/bauwerkschutzsysteme/pdf/en/projectinfo/Allahabad_Naini_Bridge_India.pdf
- ^ "censusindia 2011: Major Agglomerations" (PDF). Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ^ "Over three crore people take holy dip in Kumbh Mela on 'Mauni Amavasya'". NDTV.com. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ Omar Rashid. "3 crore pilgrims expected at Kumbh Mela today". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Two killed in Mahakumbh stampede as over 3 crore take holy dip". World News. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ "Kumbh Mela chief Azam Khan resigns over stampede". BBC. 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-us-sign-three-mous-on-smart-cities/article6821106.ece
- ^ http://activeindiatv.com/editorials/12807-now-world-bank-wants-to-turn-allahabad-into-a-smart-city-this-may-be-possible-if-plans-are-not-locally-executed
- ^ "Modi-Obama meet: US to help India develop three smart cities". The Times of India. Washington. Oct 1, 2014. Retrieved Oct 1, 2014.
- ^ http://m.timesofindia.com/city/allahabad/Free-wi-fi-facility-at-Civil-Lines-Bus-Depot-soon/articleshow/47018597.cms
- ^ http://m.timesofindia.com/city/allahabad/civil-lines-makeover-to-be-as-lucknows-hazratganj-market/articleshow/48420554.cms
