Treponema

Treponema
Treponema pallidum spirochaetes.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Spirochaetes
Class:	Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002
Order:	Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917
Family:	Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907
Genus:	Treponema Schaudinn 1905
Species
Candidatus Treponema suis Molbak et al. 2006 Treponema amylovorum Wyss et al. 1997 Treponema azotonutricium Graber et al. 2004 Treponema berlinense Nordhoff et al. 2005 Treponema brennaborense Schrank et al. 1999 Treponema bryantii Stanton and Canale-Parola 1980 Treponema calligyrum ♠ Noguchi Treponema carateum ♥ Treponema denticola (ex Flügge 1886) Chan et al. 1993 Treponema isoptericolens Dröge et al. 2008 Treponema lecithinolyticum Wyss et al. 1999 Treponema maltophilum Wyss et al. 1996 Treponema medium Umemoto et al. 1997 Treponema minutum ♦ Dobell 1912 Treponema pallidum ♦ (Schaudinn and Hoffmann 1905) Schaudinn 1905 Treponema paraluiscuniculi ♦ (Jacobsthal 1920) Smibert 1974 Treponema parvum Wyss et al. 2001 Treponema pectinovorum Smibert and Burmeister 1983 Treponema pedis Evans et al. 2009 Treponema pertenue ♦ (Castellani 1905) Castellani and Chalmers 1910 Treponema phagedenis ♠ (Noguchi 1912) Brumpt Treponema porcinum Nordhoff et al. 2005 Treponema primitia Graber et al. 2004 Treponema putidum Wyss et al. 2004 Treponema refringens ♠ (Schaudinn and Hofmann 1905) Castellani and Chalmers Treponema saccharophilum Paster and Canale-Parola 1986 Treponema socranskii Smibert et al. 1984 Treponema succinifaciens Cwyk and Canale-Parola 1981 Treponema vincentii ♠ Treponema zioleckii ♠ Piknova et al. 2008

Treponema is a bacterial genus. The major species is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis and yaws.

The species Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens have been reclassified into Serpula.

In the early 2000's they have again been reclassified into the family Brachyspiraceae.

Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits.

Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by The All-Species Living Tree Project

?T. bryantii Stanton and Canale-Parola 1980 ?T. calligyrum ♠ Noguchi ?T. carateum ♥ (pinta causing Treponema) ?T. minutum ♦ Dobell 1912  ?T. pallidum ♦ T. p. endemicum ♠ Smibert 1984 (bejel causing Treponema) T. p. pallidum ♠ (Schaudinn and Hoffmann 1905) Schaudinn 1905 (syphilis causing Treponema) ?T. paraluiscuniculi ♦ (Jacobsthal 1920) Smibert 1974 ?T. pertenue ♦ (Castellani 1905) Castellani and Chalmers 1910 (yaws causing Treponema)  ?T. phagedenis ♠ T. p. phagedenis ♠ (Noguchi 1912) Brumpt T. p. vaccae ♠ Evans et al. 2006 ?T. refringens ♠ (Schaudinn and Hofmann 1905) Castellani and Chalmers ?T. vincentii ♠ ?T. zioleckii ♠ Piknova et al. 2008 Spirochaeta caldaria Pohlschroeder et al. 1995 T. isoptericolens Dröge et al. 2008 T. azotonutricium Graber et al. 2004 T. primitia Graber et al. 2004  T. medium T. m. bovis ♠ Evans et al. 2006 T. m. medium ♠ Umemoto et al. 1997 T. pedis Evans et al. 2009 T. denticola (ex Flügge 1886) Chan et al. 1993 T. putidum Wyss et al. 2004 T. lecithinolyticum Wyss et al. 1999 T. maltophilum Wyss et al. 1996 T. brennaborense Schrank et al. 1999 T. parvum Wyss et al. 2001  T. socranskii T. s. buccale Smibert et al. 1984 T. s. paredis Smibert et al. 1984 T. s. socranskii Smibert et al. 1984 T. amylovorum Wyss et al. 1997 T. porcinum Nordhoff et al. 2005 T. succinifaciens Cwyk and Canale-Parola 1981 T. saccharophilum Paster and Canale-Parola 1986 T. berlinense Nordhoff et al. 2005 T. pectinovorum Smibert and Burmeister 1983

Notes:
♦ Type strain lost or not available
♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)
♥ Strains not lodged at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) or listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)