Uruguay River
| Uruguay River | |
| Río Uruguay, Rio Uruguai | |
 Sunset in the Uruguay River, from Misiones, Argentina
|
|
| Countries | Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay |
|---|---|
| Source | |
| - elevation | 1,800 m (5,906 ft) |
| Mouth | Río de la Plata |
| - elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| - coordinates | 34°12′S 58°18′W / 34.2°S 58.3°W [1] |
| Length | 1,600 km (990 mi) [2] |
| Basin | 365,000 km2 (140,000 sq mi) [3] |
| Discharge | |
| - average | 5,500 m3/s (194,000 cu ft/s) [3] |
 Map of Uruguay River's basin
|
|
The Uruguay River (Spanish: Río Uruguay, Spanish pronunciation: [uɾuˈɣwai]; Portuguese: Rio Uruguai, Portuguese pronunciation: [uɾuˈɡwaj]) is a river in South America. It flows from north to south and makes boundary with Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of the Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, and Colonia in Uruguay.
The river measures about 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) in length and starts in the Serra do Mar in Brazil,[2] where the Canoas River and the Pelotas River are joined, at about 200 m above mean sea level. In this stage the river goes through uneven, broken terrain, forming rapids and falls. Its course through Rio Grande do Sul is not navigable.
Unusual feature of Uruguay River is a submerged canyon along most of its length. This canyon has formed in dry period during the Ice Age and its depth in some locations reaches 100 m.[4] Canyon is visible only at Moconá Falls - unusual, up to 12 m high and more than 2 km wide waterfall, which has formed on a rim of this canyon 1 215 km from the mouth of Uruguay.[5]
Together with the Paraná River, the Uruguay forms the Río de la Plata estuary. It is navigable from around Salto Chico. Its main tributary is the Río Negro, which is born in the south of Brazil and goes through Uruguay 500 km until its confluence with the Uruguay river, which is located 100 km north from the Uruguay's confluence with the Río de la Plata, in Punta Gorda (Colonia Department, Uruguay).
The river is crossed by five international bridges (from north to south): Integration Bridge and Paso de los Libres-Uruguaiana International Bridge, between Argentina and Brazil; and the Salto Grande Bridge, General Artigas Bridge and Libertador General San Martín Bridge between Argentina and Uruguay.
The drainage basin of the Uruguay River has an area of 365,000 square kilometres (141,000 sq mi).[3] Its main economic use is the generation of hydroelectricity and it is dammed in its lower portion by the Salto Grande Dam and by the Itá Dam upstream in Brazil.
Contents |
[edit] Origin of the name
The name of the river comes from the Spanish settlers' interpretation of the word the locals used to designate it. The original name, Urugua'ý, in Guaraní, means "river of the painted birds".
[edit] Cellulose plant conflict
Argentina and Uruguay are currently experiencing a conflict over the Uruguay River. Two European companies proposed to build cellulose-processing plants at Fray Bentos, Uruguay, opposite Gualeguaychú, Argentina. Since April 2010, residents of the latter as well as many others have protested, claiming that the plants will pollute the river shared by the two countries. At the turn of the year the conflict escalated into a diplomatic crisis, making one of the companies move the project 250 km south. Since December 2005, the international bridges linking the Argentine province of Entre Ríos with Uruguay have been intermittently blockaded by Argentine protestors, causing major disruptions in commercial traffic and tourism.
[edit] Recent developments
The International Court of Justice completed hearings on October 2, 2009, between Argentina and Uruguay over the dispute. Judges from the Court will present their verdict in the beginning of 2010. Argentina believes the Finnish company Botnia is polluting the fish as well as the overall environment while Uruguay believes that the plant is not depositing a large amount of toxins in the Uruguay River.[6]
[edit] See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Uruguay River |
[edit] References
- ^ Uruguay River at GEOnet Names Server
- ^ a b "Río de la Plata". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
- ^ a b c Varis, Olli; Tortajada, Cecilia; Biswas, Asit K. (2008). Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes. Springer. p. 272. ISBN 9783540749264. http://books.google.com/books?id=Z3ilzosWx4wC&pg=PA272.
- ^ "A particular canyon excavated in the large Uruguay River channel (South America)". http://www.cprm.gov.br/33IGC/1205232.html.
- ^ "Moconá Falls (Yucumã Falls)". Wondermondo. http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Argentina/Misiones/Mocona.htm.
- ^ "Argentina y Uruguay ya esperan fallo de la CIJ en diferendo sobre pastera". AFP, Por Anna Pelegrí. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gTc3ZWTskRnrf1J9zTNEuDtgSD1A. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
[edit] External links
- (Spanish) Salto Grande Hydroelectric System
- Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law Peace Palace Library
- Uruguay River at GEOnet Names Server
- Río Uruguay at GEOnet Names Server
- Rio Uruguai at GEOnet Names Server
