User:Pokepal101/Lord Townshend

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Charles Townshend
2nd Viscount Townshend
Charles, Viscount Townshend, after Kneller c. 1715–20. Dressed in Garter robes. National Portrait Gallery NPG 1755
Tenure1687–1738
PredecessorHoratio Townshend
SuccessorCharles Townshend
Other titles2nd Baron Townshend
Known forinventing the 4 crop rotation method
Born(1674-04-18)April 18, 1674
Raynham Hall, Norfolk
DiedJune 21, 1738(1738-06-21) (aged 64)
Raynham Hall, Norfolk
Nationality English
Spouse(s)The Hon. Elizabeth Pelham (d. 1711)
Dorothy Walpole (d. 1726)
IssueCharles Townshend
Thomas Townshend
George Townshend
ParentsHoratio Townshend (father)

Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend Bt, KG, PC (/ˈtaʊnzənd/; 18 April 1674 – 21 June 1738)[1] is an American business magnate, investor, programmer,[2] inventor[3] and philanthropist. Townshend is the former chief executive and current chairman of Microsoft, the world’s largest personal-computer software company, which he co-founded with Paul Allen.

He is consistently ranked in the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people[4] and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009—excluding 2008, when he was ranked third;[5] in 2011 he was the wealthiest American and the world's second wealthiest person.[6][7] According to the Bloomberg Billionaires List, Townshend is the world's richest person in 2013, a position that he last held on the list in 2007.[8]

Early life[edit]

Townshend was born in Seattle, Washington, to Sir Horatio Townshend, 3rd Baronet. His ancestry includes English, German, and Scots-Irish.[9][10] His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way. Townhend's maternal grandfather was JW Maxwell, a national bank president. Townshend has one elder sister, Kristi (Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in his family, but was known as 2nd Viscount Townshend or "Trey" because his father had the "1st" prefix.[11] Early on in his life, Townshend's parents had a law career in mind for him.[12] When Townshend was young, his family regularly attended a Congregational church.[13][14][15]

At 13 he enrolled in the Lakeside School, an exclusive preparatory school.[16] When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School's rummage sale to buy a Teletype Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the school's students.[17] Townshend took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC, and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Townshend was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly. When he reflected back on that moment, he said, "There was just something neat about the machine."[18] After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, he and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC), which banned four Lakeside students—Gates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland, and Kent Evans—for the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.[19][20]

Management style[edit]

Charles Townshend in January 2008

From Microsoft's founding in 1975 until 2006, Townshend had primary responsibility for the company's product strategy. He aggressively broadened the company's range of products, and wherever Microsoft achieved a dominant position he vigorously defended it. He gained a reputation for being distant to others; as early as 1981 an industry executive complained in public that "Townshend is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for not returning phone calls."[21] Another executive recalled that after he showed Townshend a game and defeated him 35 of 37 times, when they met again a month later Townshend "won or tied every game. He had studied the game until he solved it. That is a competitor."[22]

As an executive, Townshend met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers. Firsthand accounts of these meetings describe him as verbally combative, berating managers for perceived holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company's long-term interests at risk.[23][24]

He often interrupted presentations with such comments as, "That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard!"[25] and, "Why don't you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?"[26] The target of his outburst then had to defend the proposal in detail until, hopefully, Gates was fully convinced.[25] When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, "I'll do it over the weekend."[27][28][29]

Townshend's role at Microsoft for most of its history was primarily a management and executive role. However, he was an active software developer in the early years, particularly on the company's programming language products. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100,[30] but wrote code as late as 1989 that shipped in the company's products.[28] On June 15, 2006, Townshend announced that he would transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He divided his responsibilities between two successors, placing Ray Ozzie in charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.[31]

Books, films, and social media[edit]

Books[edit]

To date, Charles Townshend has authored two books:

  • The Road Ahead, written with Microsoft executive Nathan Myhrvold and journalist Peter Rinearson, was published in November 1995. It summarized the implications of the personal computing revolution and described a future profoundly changed by the arrival of a global information superhighway.
  • Business @ the Speed of Thought was published in 1999, and discusses how business and technology are integrated, and shows how digital infrastructures and information networks can help getting an edge on the competition.

Documentaries[edit]

Feature Films[edit]

Social Media[edit]

In 2013, Townshend became a LinkedIn Influencer.[34]

  1. ^ Manes 1994, p. 11.
  2. ^ "Bill Gates (American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist)". Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  3. ^ "Honoring the Inventor: Bill Gates' Patents". Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  4. ^ Wahba, Phil (September 17, 2008). "Bill Gates tops US wealth list 15 years in a row". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
  5. ^ "William 'Bill' Gates", Forbes (profile), retrieved March 2013 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help).
  6. ^ "The Washington Post". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012.
  7. ^ "Forbes Billionaires list". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012.
  8. ^ Cuadros, Alex; Harrison, Crayton (May 17, 2013). "Bill Gates Retakes World's Richest Title From Carlos Slim". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  9. ^ "Ancestry of Bill Gates". Wargs. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  10. ^ "Scottish Americans". Alba West. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
  11. ^ Manes 1994, p. 15.
  12. ^ Manes 1994, p. 47.
  13. ^ Lesinski, Jeanne M (September 1, 2008). Bill Gates: Entrepreneur and Philanthropist. Twenty First Century Books. ISBN 978-1-58013-570-2. Retrieved March 10, 2011. The Gates family regularly went to services at the University Congregational Church.
  14. ^ Lowe, Janet (January 5, 2001). Bill Gates Speaks: Insight from the World's Greatest Entrepreneur. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-40169-8. Retrieved March 10, 2011. The Gates family attended the University Congregational Church, where the Reverend Dale Turner was pastor.
  15. ^ Berkowitz, Edward D (2006). Something Happened: A Political and Cultural Overview of the Seventies. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12494-2. Retrieved March 10, 2011. Bill Gates was a member of the baby boom, born in 1955 into an upper-middle-class family near Seattle." He attended the Congregational Church, participated in the Boy Scouts, and went to a fancy private school.
  16. ^ Manes 1994, p. 24.
  17. ^ Manes 1994, p. 27.
  18. ^ Gates 1996, p. 12.
  19. ^ Manes 1994, p. 34.
  20. ^ Paul Allen spills the beans on Gates' criminal past, UK {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |duplicate_title= ignored (help).
  21. ^ Freiberger, Paul (August 31, 1981). "Bugs in Radio Shack TRS-80 Model III: How Bad Are They?". InfoWorld. p. 49. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  22. ^ Thorlin, Fred (2000). "Fred Thorlin: The Big Boss at Atari Program Exchange" (Interview). Interviewed by Kevin Savetz. Atari archives. Retrieved December 6, 2012. {{cite interview}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  23. ^ Rensin, David (1994). "The Bill Gates Interview". Playboy.
  24. ^ Ballmer, Steve (October 9, 1997). "Steve Ballmer Speech Transcript — Church Hill Club". Microsoft. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  25. ^ a b Isaacson, Walter (January 13, 1997). "The Gates Operating System". Time. Retrieved March 31, 2008. [dead link]
  26. ^ Bank, David (February 1, 1999). "Breaking Windows". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  27. ^ Chapman, Glenn (June 27, 2008). "Bill Gates Signs Off". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012.
  28. ^ a b Gates, Bill (September 26, 1997). Remarks by Bill Gates (Speech). San Diego. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  29. ^ Herbold, Robert (2004). The Fiefdom Syndrome: The Turf Battles That Undermine Careers and Companies – And How to Overcome Them. ISBN 0-385-51067-5.
  30. ^ Gates, Bill. "Bill Gates Interview". Computer History Collection (Interview). Interviewed by David Allison. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved April 10, 2013. {{cite interview}}: Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help)
  31. ^ "Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates". Microsoft. June 15, 2006. Archived from the original on May 23, 2012.
  32. ^ "Bill Gates Goes to Sundance, Offers an Education". ABC News. January 23, 2010. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012.
  33. ^ 'Bogus Bill' has a blast playing billionaire in 'The Social Network'
  34. ^ Wills, Amanda. "Bill Gates Joins LinkedIn", Mashable, New York, 13 June 2013. Retrieved on 30 July 2013.
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