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Focal dermal hypoplasia (also known as "Goltz syndrome") is a form of ectodermal dysplasia.^[1] It a a multisystem disorder which characterized primarily by skin manifestations to the atrophic and hypoplastic areas of skin which are present at birth. These defects manifesting as yellow-pink bumps on the skin and pigmentation changes.^[2] The disorder is also associated with shortness of stature. There is also some evidence that it can cause epilepsy.^[3]

Genetics[edit]

Focal dermal hypoplasia has been associated with PORCN gene mutations on the X chromosome.^[4] This results in 90% of the individuals who affected with the syndrome being female. The 10% of males that have a mosaic and/or heterozygous for mutations in PORCN. The commonly accepted, though unconfirmed, explanation for most of the affected individuals being women is that the non-mosaic hemizygous males are not viable. ^[5]

The differential diagnosis of focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz) syndrome includes autosomal recessive Setleis syndrome due to TWIST2 gene mutations. It associated with morning glory anomaly, polymicrogyria, incontinentia pigmenti, oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and microphthalmia with linear skin defects (also known as MLS) syndrome because they are all caused by deletions or point mutations in the HCCS gene.^[6]

Origin of eponyms[edit]

Jessner-Cole syndrome[edit]

The disorder was first formally recognized by dermatologists, Max Jessner and Harold Newton Cole, in the early 20th century. Jessner and Cole's papers were referenced more than any others in the first half of the 20th century.^[7]^[8]

Goltz-Gorlin[edit]

Besides its formal name, it is most commonly refereed as Goltz-Gorlin syndrome, after Robert Goltz and Robert Gorlin.^[9] Goltz and Gorlin worked together at the University of Columbia ^[10] and are credited for describing the symptoms of the disorder in more detail than ever before and tracking its genetic trends. The name became popular during the second half of the 20th century.

References[edit]

^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Goltz RW, Henderson RR, Hitch JM, Ott JE. (2008). Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome. A review of the literature and report of two cases. GeneReviews.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Kanemura H, Hatakeyama K, Sugita K, Aihara M. (2011). Epilepsy in a patient with focal dermal hypoplasia. Pediatric neurology.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Wang X, Reid Sutton V, Omar Peraza-Llanes J; et al. (July 2007). "Mutations in X-linked PORCN, a putative regulator of Wnt signaling, cause focal dermal hypoplasia". Nat. Genet. 39 (7): 836–8. doi:10.1038/ng2057. PMID 17546030. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Sutton, Reid. Veyver, Ignatia. (1970). Focal Dermal Hypoplasia. Arch Dermatol.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Wimplinger I, Shaw GM, Kutsche K; et al. (Aug 2007). "HCCS loss-of-function missense mutation in a female with bilateral microphthalmia and sclerocornea: a novel gene for severe ocular malformations?". Mol Vis. 13: 1475–82. PMID 17893649. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jessner: Naeviforme poikilodermieartige Hautveränderungen mit Missbildungen. Zentralblatt für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten, 1928, 27: 468.
^ H. N. Cole, et al: Ectodermal and mesodermal dysplasia with osseous involvement. Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, Berlin, 1941, 44: 773-788.
^ synd/1370 at Who Named It?
^ R. W. Goltz, W. C. Peterson, R. J. Gorlin, H. G. Ravits: Focal dermal hypoplasia. Archives of Dermatology, Chicago, 1962, 86: 708-717.

External links[edit]

Category:Genodermatoses Category:X-linked dominant disorders

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[Andrews-1] James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Gi1-2] Goltz RW, Henderson RR, Hitch JM, Ott JE. (2008). Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome. A review of the literature and report of two cases. GeneReviews.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Gi2-3] Kanemura H, Hatakeyama K, Sugita K, Aihara M. (2011). Epilepsy in a patient with focal dermal hypoplasia. Pediatric neurology.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[pmid17546030-4] Wang X, Reid Sutton V, Omar Peraza-Llanes J; et al. (July 2007). "Mutations in X-linked PORCN, a putative regulator of Wnt signaling, cause focal dermal hypoplasia". Nat. Genet. 39 (7): 836–8. doi:10.1038/ng2057. PMID 17546030. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Gi3-5] Sutton, Reid. Veyver, Ignatia. (1970). Focal Dermal Hypoplasia. Arch Dermatol.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[pmid17893649-6] Wimplinger I, Shaw GM, Kutsche K; et al. (Aug 2007). "HCCS loss-of-function missense mutation in a female with bilateral microphthalmia and sclerocornea: a novel gene for severe ocular malformations?". Mol Vis. 13: 1475–82. PMID 17893649. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Jessner: Naeviforme poikilodermieartige Hautveränderungen mit Missbildungen. Zentralblatt für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten, 1928, 27: 468.

[8] H. N. Cole, et al: Ectodermal and mesodermal dysplasia with osseous involvement. Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, Berlin, 1941, 44: 773-788.

[9] synd/1370 at Who Named It?

[10] R. W. Goltz, W. C. Peterson, R. J. Gorlin, H. G. Ravits: Focal dermal hypoplasia. Archives of Dermatology, Chicago, 1962, 86: 708-717.

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