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Ystradgynlais

Coordinates: 51°46′52″N 3°45′04″W / 51.78101°N 3.75107°W / 51.78101; -3.75107
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Ystradgynlais
Junction at Heol Eglwys
Ystradgynlais is located in Powys
Ystradgynlais
Ystradgynlais
Location within Powys
Population8,092 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceSN793106
Community
  • Ystradgynlais
Principal area
Preserved county
  • Powys
CountryWales
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSwansea
Postcode districtSA9
Dialling code01639
PoliceDyfed-Powys
FireMid and West Wales
AmbulanceWelsh
UK Parliament
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament
List of places
UK
Wales
Powys
51°46′52″N 3°45′04″W / 51.78101°N 3.75107°W / 51.78101; -3.75107

Ystradgynlais (English: /ˌʌstrədˈɡʌnlaɪs/;[2] Welsh: [ˌəstradˈɡənlais] ⓘ) is a town in southwest Powys, Wales. It is located on the River Tawe, and was within the boundaries of the former county of Brecknockshire. The town has a high proportion of Welsh language-speakers. The community includes Cwmtwrch, Abercraf and Cwmgiedd, with a population of 8,092 in the 2011 census; it is the second-largest town in Powys. It forms part of the Swansea Urban Area[3] where the Ystradgynlais subdivision has a population of 10,248.[4]

History

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The place-name Ystradgynlais, meaning 'vale of the river Cynlais' – Cynlais may be a personal name, or derive from cyn ('chisel') and glais ('stream') – is first recorded in 1372.[5] In the 1600s there were only a couple of houses by the church and a pub (now the rectory). In 1801 there were only 993 residents in the town living in only 196 houses. The first documented written evidence of iron working in the area was at Ynyscedwyn and is of a deed of release dated 1729. By 1750 there were seven furnaces in south Wales, one of which was at Ynyscedwyn.

Tynycoed Chapel, located between Ynyswen and Penycae, near Ystradgynlais, was first constructed in 1774, and was rebuilt in 1829.[6]

The first written evidence of coal mining was at Wauclawdd in 1780. Most of the coal dug up was used in the blast furnaces of the ironworks. By 1790, the full extent of the mineral resources in the valley was better known and it was realised that to exploit these to the full, improved transport would be essential.

The greatest increase in the population was between 1821 and 1841. This coincides with the coming of George Crane and the development of the Ynyscedwyn Ironworks. By 1870, the town's industrial development was in decline due to various economic factors, although coal mining carried on in the area with a few light industries.

Culture

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Parc yr Orsedd, Ystradgynlais
These remains were built in 1872 to house a planned steel mill. Although not completed, the site housed the Ynyscedwyn Tinplate Works

Ystradgynlais hosted the 1954 National Eisteddfod, an annual Welsh festival of literature, dance, and music. The century-old award-winning Ystradgynlais Public Band competed in the 2005 National Eisteddfod.[7]

Ystradgynlais's Parc-yr-Orsedd has a monument to the fallen heroes of both World Wars from Ystradgynlais, Abercrave, Cwmtwrch, Cwmgiedd, Glyntawe and Coelbren.

Dan yr Ogof caves are a short journey from the town centre, passing Craig-y-Nos Castle and country park. The caves are reputed to have once been the hideout of folk figure Twm Siôn Cati.[8] Henrhyd Falls are also nearby.

Ystradgynlais is also home to the Miners Welfare Hall, known and promoted as 'The Welfare', which contains a cinema. In 2020 a Purple Plaque was installed at the building to mark Eunice Stallard's life and activity as a peace campaigner.[9]

It also has a number of public houses.[10] For 11 years, from 1944m the town was the home of Polish artist Josef Herman, who stayed for the first four years in rooms at the Pen-y-Bont Inn.[11][12][13][14] He became part of the community, where he was fondly nicknamed "Joe Bach" (Little Joe).[15][16] Herman is quoted as saying: "I stayed here because I found ALL I required. I arrived a stranger for a fortnight. The fortnight became eleven years."[17]

In 2016 The Stephen Lewis Tristars Aquathlon in Ystradgynlais won the Welsh triathlon event of the Year 2016.[citation needed]

Transport

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National Cycle Route 43 passes by the southern edge of the town on the line of the former Swansea Vale Railway which linked Swansea via the Neath and Brecon Railway at Coelbren with Brecon. Ystradgynlais railway station was operational from 1869 to 1923.

The A4067 road linking West Cross, Swansea, with Sennybridge ran through the town until the 1970s, when it was diverted onto the bypass that follows the line of the former Swansea Canal.[18]

Ystradgynlais has a bus station, served hourly by the First Cymru-operated X6 to and from Swansea, as well as the long-distance TrawsCymru T6 between Swansea and Brecon.[19]

Sport

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The town is the home of Ystradgynlais F.C. and Ystradgynlais RFC. Ystradgynlais RFC was established in 1890 and has a fierce rivalry with Ystalyfera RFC and Abercrave RFC.

Watchmaking

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In 1946, Smiths Industries Ltd, Ingersoll Ltd and Vickers Armstrong founded the Anglo-Celtic Watch Co. Ltd. producing watches on the Ynyscedwyn estate on the outskirts of Ystradgynlais. The factory was officially opened by Hugh Dalton on 15 March 1947. Vickers Armstrong sold their shares to the other two companies in 1948. The company became one of the largest producers of watches in Europe, producing up to 1.25 million watches a year until 1980 when it closed.[20][21]

Notable people

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Rowan Williams, 2007
Eve Myles, 2013

Sport

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References

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  1. ^ "Community population 2011". Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  2. ^ Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. 3rd Ed.
  3. ^ "Swansea Built-up area". www.nomisweb.co.uk.
  4. ^ "Ystradgynlais Built-up area sub division". www.nomisweb.co.uk.
  5. ^ Wyn Owen, Hywel; Richard Morgan (2007). Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales. Llandysul: Gomer Press. p. 504.
  6. ^ "Tynycoed Chapel, Ystradgynlais".
  7. ^ "National Eisteddfod of Wales – National Eisteddfod". www.eisteddfod.org.uk. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  8. ^ Ash, Russell (1973). Folklore, Myths and Legends of Britain. Reader's Digest Association Limited. p. 409. ISBN 9780340165973.
  9. ^ "Purple plaque to honour peace campaigner on International Women's Day". Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Inns and Public Houses of Ystradgynlais". www.ystradgynlais-history.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  11. ^ "Pen-y-Bont Inn, Ystradgynlais by Josef Herman". Art Fund.
  12. ^ "'Pen-y-Bont Inn', Ystradgynlais". artuk.org.
  13. ^ "Josef Herman – Josef Herman Foundation". Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  14. ^ Sonia Williams, Welsh Arts Archive
  15. ^ "Miners, 1951 - Josef Herman" Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Swansea Heritage.net, accessed 13 October 2010
  16. ^ Maggie Gray (2 February 2018). "Josef Herman: the Polish painter who found himself in Wales". Art UK. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  17. ^ "Ystradgynlais Town Centre Masterplan Final Report September 2010" (PDF). powys.moderngov.co.uk. September 2010. p. 19. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  18. ^ "Victorian Ystradgynlais – the Swansea Canal". history.powys.org.uk. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  19. ^ "X6 - Swansea Bus Station (Bay P) - Alltwen (Lon Tan-yr-Allt)".
  20. ^ Evans, Geoffrey (2008). Time, Time and Time Again. Quinto Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905960-07-1.
  21. ^ "Anglo-Celtic Watch Co. Ltd. 1". history.powys.org.uk. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  22. ^ "Sonia Williams". Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  23. ^ Hughes, Brendan (28 October 2012). "The childhood killer on falling in love with his prison teacher". Wales Online. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
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