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Communist terrorism is the term which has been used to describe acts of violence committed by groups who subscribe to a Marxist/Leninist or Maoist ideology. These groups hope that through these actions they will inspire the the masses to rise up and overthrow the existing political and economic system.^[1] In recent years, there has been a marked decrease in such terrorism, which has been substantially credited to the end of the Cold War and the fall of the U.S.S.R.^[2] However, at its apogee, communism was argued by some to be the major source of international terrorism (whether inspired by the ideology or supported by its states).^[3]

Usage of the term

In the 1930`s the term was used by the Nazi Party in Germany as part of a propaganda effort to create fear of communism. The Nazi`s blamed communist terrorism for the Reichstag Fire and used this as an excuse to push through legislation which removed personal freedom from all citizens.^[4]^[5] In the 1940`s and 1950`s in various Southeast Asian countries such as Malaya, The Philippines and Vietnam, communist groups began to conduct terrorist operations. In the 1960`s the Sino–Soviet split also lead to a marked increase in terrorist activity in the region. ^[6]

In the late 1960`s in Europe, Japan and in both north and South America various terrorist organizations began operations. These groups which were named the Fighting Communist Organizations (FCO)^[7]^[8] rose out of the student union movement which was at that time protesting against the Vietnam War. In western Europe these groups actions were known as Euroterrorism.^[9] The founders of the FCO argued that it would take violence to achieve their idealistic goals and that legitimate protest was both ineffective and insufficient to attain them. ^[10]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). In the 1970`s there were an estimated 50 Marxist/Leninist groups operating in Turkey and an estimated 225 in Italy. Groups also began operations in Ireland and Great Britain.^[11] These groups were seen as a major threat by NATO and also by the Italian, German and British governments.^[12]

References

^ C. J. M. Drake page 19
^ David C. Wills page 219
^ Brian Crozier page 203
^ Conway p17
^ Gadberry p7
^ Weinberg p14
^ Alexander p16
^ Harmon p13
^ Harmon p58
^ Drake p102
^ Alexander pp51-52
^ Paoletti p202

Bibliography

C. J. M. Drake. Terrorists' target selection. Palgrave Macmillan. 5 February 2003. ISBN 978-0312211974
David C. Wills. The First War on Terrorism: Counter-terrorism Policy During the Reagan Administration. Rowman & Littlefield 28 August 2003. ISBN 978-0742531291
Brian Crozier. Political victory: the elusive prize of military wars. Transaction Publishers 31 May 2005. ISBN 978-0765802903
Conway John S.The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945 Regent College Publishing. 1 April 2001. ISBN 978-1573830805
Gadberry, Glen W. Theatre in the Third Reich, the prewar years: essays on theatre in Nazi Germany Greenwood. 30 March 1995. ISBN 978-0313295164
Weinberg, Leonard. Political parties and terrorist groups. 2nd Revised Edition. 6 November 2008. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415775366
Enders Walter. Sandler Todd. The political economy of terrorism November 14 2005. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521851008
Alexander Yonah. Europe's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations. October 1, 1992. Routledge. ISBN 978-0714634883
Paoletti, Ciro (30 December 2007). A military history of Italy. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0275985059.
Harmon, Christopher C. Terrorism Today Routledge 2nd edition. 18 Octtober 2007. ISBN 978-0415773003

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Terrorism}}
 {{see also|Left-wing terrorism|Anarchist terrorism|Eco-terrorism}}
-{{multiple issues|synthesis =January 2010|POV =January 2010}}
+{{POV =January 2010}}
-{{Cite check|section|date=November 2010}}
 '''Communist terrorism''' is the term which has been used to describe acts of violence committed by groups who subscribe to a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist/Leninist]] or [[Maoist]] ideology. These groups hope that through these actions they will inspire the [[Common people|the masses]] to rise up and overthrow the existing political and economic system.<ref name="C. J. M. Drake 1">C. J. M. Drake page 19</ref> In recent years, there has been a marked decrease in such terrorism, which has been substantially credited to the end of the Cold War and the fall of the U.S.S.R.<ref name="David C. Wills">David C. Wills page 219</ref> However, at its apogee, communism was argued by some to be the major source of international terrorism (whether inspired by the ideology or supported by its states).<ref name="Brian Crozier">Brian Crozier page 203</ref>
+==Usage of the term==
-== Western perspectives on terrorism committed by groups claiming adherence to Communist ideology ==
+In the 1930`s the term was used by the [[Nazi Party]] in Germany as part of a propaganda effort to create fear of communism. The Nazi`s blamed communist terrorism for the [[Reichstag Fire]] and used this as an excuse to push through legislation which removed personal freedom from all citizens.<ref name="Conway John S.">Conway p17</ref><ref name="Gadberry, Glen W.">Gadberry p7</ref> In the 1940`s and 1950`s in various [[Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian]] countries such as Malaya, The Philippines and Vietnam, communist groups began to conduct terrorist operations. In the 1960`s the [[Sino–Soviet split]] also lead to a marked increase in terrorist activity in the region. <ref name="Weinberg, Leonard">Weinberg p14</ref>
-Terrorism in the form of 'communist fighting organizations' which operated in western Europe was seen as a threat by NATO and also by the Italian, German and British governments.<ref name="Ciro Paoletti">{{cite book|last=Paoletti|first=Ciro |title=A military history of Italy |date=30 December 2007|publisher=Praeger Publishers|isbn=978-0275985059}}</ref> In recent years, there has been a marked decrease in such terrorism, which has been substantially credited to the end of the Cold War and the fall of the U.S.S.R.<ref>Wills, David C., [http://books.google.com/books?id=Q1S2cdu1escC&dq The first war on terrorism: counter-terrorism policy during the Reagan administration], p. 219, Rowman & Littlefield, 2003</ref> However, at its apogee, communism was argued by some to be the major source of international terrorism (whether inspired by the ideology or supported by its states).<ref name="books.google.com">Crozier, Brian, [http://books.google.com/books?id=qZIOs84I7dEC&pg Political victory: the elusive prize of military wars], p. 203, Transaction Publishers, 2005</ref>
+In the late 1960`s in [[Europe]], [[Japan]] and in both [[North America|north]] and [[South America]]  various terrorist organizations began operations. These groups which were named the Fighting Communist Organizations (FCO)<ref name="Alexander Yonah 1">Alexander p16</ref><ref name="Harmon, Christopher C.">Harmon p13</ref> rose out of the [[Protests of 1968|student union movement]] which was at that time  protesting against the [[Vietnam War]]. In western Europe these groups actions were known as Euroterrorism.<ref name="Harmon, Christopher C. 2">Harmon p58</ref> The founders of the FCO argued that it would take violence to achieve their idealistic goals  and that legitimate protest was both ineffective and insufficient to attain them. <ref name="C. J. M. Drake 2">Drake p102</ref><ref name= Enders Walter. Sandler Todd.> Sandler p10</ref> In the 1970`s there were an estimated 50 Marxist/Leninist groups operating in [[Turkey]] and an estimated 225 in Italy. Groups also began operations in [[Ireland]] and [[Great Britain]].<ref name="Alexander Yonah 2">Alexander pp51-52</ref> These groups were seen as a major threat by [[NATO]] and also by the Italian, German and British governments.<ref name="Paoletti, Ciro">Paoletti p202</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 20: / Line 22: @@
 * David C. Wills. The First War on Terrorism: Counter-terrorism Policy During the Reagan Administration. Rowman & Littlefield 28 August 2003. ISBN 978-0742531291
 * Brian Crozier. Political victory: the elusive prize of military wars. Transaction Publishers 31 May 2005. ISBN 978-0765802903
+* Conway John S.''The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945'' Regent College Publishing. 1 April 2001. ISBN 978-1573830805
+* Gadberry, Glen W. ''Theatre in the Third Reich, the prewar years: essays on theatre in Nazi Germany'' Greenwood. 30 March 1995. ISBN 978-0313295164
+* Weinberg, Leonard. Political parties and terrorist groups. 2nd Revised Edition. 6 November 2008. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415775366
+* Enders Walter. Sandler Todd. ''The political economy of terrorism'' November 14 2005. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521851008
+* Alexander Yonah. Europe's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations. October 1, 1992. Routledge. ISBN 978-0714634883
+* Paoletti, Ciro (30 December 2007). A military history of Italy. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0275985059.
+* Harmon, Christopher C. ''Terrorism Today'' Routledge 2nd edition. 18 Octtober 2007. ISBN 978-0415773003
 == Further reading ==