Crop (anatomy): Difference between revisions
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Alter: template type. Add: s2cid, pages, year, title, date, pmc, pmid, volume, journal, doi, authors 1-13. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by BrownHairedGirl | Linked from User:BrownHairedGirl/Articles_with_bare_links | #UCB_webform_linked 717/1045 |
→Birds: Expanded "didn't" into "did not" in the paragraph on extinct birds. Added that ducks do not have crops. Additionally, I request an amendendment of the description of the photograph of mallard hen to reflect the fact that ducks do not have crops. |
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Scavenging birds, such as [[vulture]]s, will gorge themselves when prey is abundant, causing their crop to bulge. They subsequently sit, sleepy or half torpid, to digest their food. |
Scavenging birds, such as [[vulture]]s, will gorge themselves when prey is abundant, causing their crop to bulge. They subsequently sit, sleepy or half torpid, to digest their food. |
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Most [[Raptor (bird)|raptors]], including [[hawks]], [[eagles]] and [[vultures]] (as stated above), have a crop; however, [[owl]]s do not. Similarly, all [[quail|true quail]] ([[Old World quail]] and [[New World quail]]) have a crop, but [[buttonquail]] do not. While [[chicken]]s and [[domesticated turkey|turkey]]s possess a crop, [[Goose|geese]] do not have one. |
Most [[Raptor (bird)|raptors]], including [[hawks]], [[eagles]] and [[vultures]] (as stated above), have a crop; however, [[owl]]s do not. Similarly, all [[quail|true quail]] ([[Old World quail]] and [[New World quail]]) have a crop, but [[buttonquail]] do not. While [[chicken]]s and [[domesticated turkey|turkey]]s possess a crop, [[Goose|geese]] and ducks do not have one. |
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Some extinct birds like [[Enantiornithes]] |
Some extinct birds like [[Enantiornithes]] did not have crops.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12453|doi = 10.1111/pala.12453|title = The evolution of the modern avian digestive system: Insights from paravian fossils from the Yanliao and Jehol biotas|year = 2020|last1 = O'Connor|first1 = Jingmai K.|last2 = Zhou|first2 = Zhonghe|journal = Palaeontology|volume = 63|pages = 13–27|s2cid = 210265348}}</ref> |
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==Literary references== |
==Literary references== |
Revision as of 06:23, 6 November 2021
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mallard_female.jpg/220px-Mallard_female.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg/220px-Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/PigeonAnatomy.png/240px-PigeonAnatomy.png)
A crop (sometimes also called a croup or a craw, ingluvies, or sublingual pouch) is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion. This anatomical structure is found in a wide variety of animals. It has been found in birds, and in invertebrate animals including gastropods (snails and slugs), earthworms,[1] leeches,[2] and insects.[3]
Insects
Cropping is used by bees to temporarily store nectar of flowers. When bees "suck" nectar, it is stored in their crops.[4] Other Hymenoptera also use crops to store liquid food. The crop in eusocial insects, such as ants, has specialized to be distensible, and this specialization enables important communication between colonial insects through trophallaxis. [5] The crop can be found in the foregut of insects. [6]
Birds
In a bird's digestive system, the crop is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat. It is a part of the digestive tract, essentially an enlarged part of the esophagus. As with most other organisms that have a crop, it is used to temporarily store food. Not all bird species have one. In adult doves and pigeons, it can produce crop milk to feed newly hatched birds.[7]
Scavenging birds, such as vultures, will gorge themselves when prey is abundant, causing their crop to bulge. They subsequently sit, sleepy or half torpid, to digest their food.
Most raptors, including hawks, eagles and vultures (as stated above), have a crop; however, owls do not. Similarly, all true quail (Old World quail and New World quail) have a crop, but buttonquail do not. While chickens and turkeys possess a crop, geese and ducks do not have one.
Some extinct birds like Enantiornithes did not have crops.[8]
Literary references
In the Sherlock Holmes story "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" (1892), author Arthur Conan Doyle hid a valuable gem inside a goose's crop. Unfamiliar with anserinae anatomy, Doyle was not aware that geese do not have crops.[9]
"Craw" is an obsolete term for "crop",[10] and this is still seen in the saying "it sticks in my craw" meaning "I can't [metaphorically] swallow it", that is, that a situation or other entity is unacceptable, or at any rate annoying.[11]
See also
- Esophagus
- Gizzard
- Gular pouch, in bird anatomy, a flap generally used to store fish and other prey while hunting
- Intestines
- Proventriculus
- Stomach
References
- ^ "Worm World: About Earthworms". Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ Sawyer, Roy T. "Leech Biology and Behaviour, Volume II" (Document).
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ignored (help) - ^ Triplehorn, Charles A; Johnson, Norman F (2005). Borror and DeLong's introduction to the study of insects (7th ed.). Australia: Thomson, Brooks/Cole. ISBN 9780030968358.
- ^ "Honeybee Biology". 1994. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ Leboeuf, Adria C.; Waridel, Patrice; Brent, Colin S.; Gonçalves, Andre N.; Menin, Laure; Ortiz, Daniel; Riba-Grognuz, Oksana; Koto, Akiko; Soares, Zamira G.; Privman, Eyal; Miska, Eric A.; Benton, Richard; Keller, Laurent (2019). "Oral transfer of chemical cues, growth proteins and hormones in social insects". eLife. 5. doi:10.7554/eLife.20375. PMC 5153251. PMID 27894417.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Sal, Lorrianne K. (12 February 2017). "Digestion: An imperative process for insects".
- ^ Gordon John Larkman Ramel (2008-09-29). "The Alimentary Canal in Birds". Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Zhou, Zhonghe (2020). "The evolution of the modern avian digestive system: Insights from paravian fossils from the Yanliao and Jehol biotas". Palaeontology. 63: 13–27. doi:10.1111/pala.12453. S2CID 210265348.
- ^ Alfred Hickling. "Review: The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes edited by Leslie S Klinger | Books". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
- ^ [abattoir "craw"]. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
{{cite web}}
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value (help) - ^ "stick in your craw". Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved August 15, 2021.