Energy Star: Difference between revisions

Energy Star
	The Energy Star service mark can be found on certified energy-efficient products, homes, commercial buildings, and industrial plants.
Founded	March 15, 1992; 32 years ago
Founder	John S. Hoffman. U.S. EPA
Area served	Canada; Japan; Taiwan; Switzerland; United States
Parent	United States Department of Energy
Website	www.energystar.gov
	Footnotes / references;

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Energy Star (trademarked ENERGY STAR) is a program run by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that promotes energy efficiency.^[4] The program provides information on the energy consumption of products and devices using different standardized methods. The Energy Star label^[5] is found on more than 75 different certified product categories, homes, commercial buildings, and industrial plants. In the United States, the Energy Star label is also shown on the Energy Guide appliance label of qualifying products.

Elements of the Energy Star Program are being implemented in Japan, Taiwan, and Switzerland - as well as Energy Star Canada.^[6] In 2018, a 15-year long agreement with the European Union^[7] expired. A previous agreement with the European Free Trade Association^[6] has also expired.

History

The Energy Star program was established by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 and operates under the authority of the Clean Air Act, section 103(g), and the 2005 Energy Policy Act, section 131 (which amended the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, section 324).^[8]^[9]^[10] Since 1992, Energy Star and its partners have reduced various energy bills by at least $430 billion.^[11]

The EPA manages Energy Star products, homes, and commercial/industrial programs. The EPA develops and manages Energy Star Portfolio Manager, an online energy tracking and benchmarking tool for commercial buildings. The DOE manages Home Performance with Energy Star and provides technical support, including test procedure development for products and some verification testing of products.^[12]

Initiated as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy efficient products, Energy Star began with labels for computer and printer products. In 1995 the program was significantly expanded, introducing labels for residential heating and cooling systems and new homes.^[13] In 2000, the Consortium for Energy Efficiency was directed by members to begin an annual survey of Energy Star impact.^[14]

According to the U.S. Energy and Employment Report for 2016, 290,000 American workers are involved in the manufacture of Energy Star certified products and building materials.^[15] The report also projects that employment in energy efficiency will grow much faster than other areas of the energy sector—9 percent in 2017 vs. average projected growth of 5 percent across all of the energy sector—and Energy Star is an integral part of that market.

Specifications

Energy Star specifications differ with each item, and are set by the EPA.

Computers

Energy Star 4.0 specifications for computers became effective on July 20, 2007. The requirements are more stringent than the previous specification and existing equipment designs can no longer use the service mark unless re-qualified. They require the use of 80 Plus Bronze level or higher power supplies. Energy Star 5.0 became effective on July 1, 2009.^[16] Energy Star 6.1 became effective on September 10, 2014. Energy Star 7.1 became effective on November 16, 2018.^[17] The Version 8.0 specification for computers was finalized on October 15, 2019 and became effective on October 15, 2020.^[18]

Servers

The EPA released Version 1.0 of the Computer Server specifications on May 15, 2009. It covered standalone servers with one to four processor sockets. A second tier to the specification adding active state power and performance reporting for all qualified servers, as well as blade and multi-node server idle state requirements became effective December 16, 2013.^[19] The Version 2.0 Energy Star specification for Computer Servers came into effect on December 16, 2013. The Version 3.0 Energy Star specification for Enterprise Servers came into effect on June 17, 2019 [1].

Appliances

As of early 2008, average refrigerators need 20% savings over the minimum standard. Dishwashers need at least 41% savings. Most appliances as well as heating and cooling systems have a yellow EnergyGuide label showing the annual cost of operation compared to other models. This label is created through the Federal Trade Commission and often shows if an appliance is Energy Star rated.^[20] While an Energy Star label indicates that the appliance is more energy efficient than the minimum guidelines, purchasing an Energy Star labeled product does not always mean one is getting the most energy efficient option available. For example, dehumidifiers that are rated under 25 US pints (12 L) per day of water extraction receive an Energy Star rating if they have an energy factor of 1.2 (higher is better), while those rated 25 US pints (12 L) to 35 US pints (17 L) per day receive an Energy Star rating for an energy factor of 1.4 or higher. Thus a higher-capacity but non-Energy Star rated dehumidifier may be a more energy efficient alternative than an Energy Star rated but lower-capacity model.^[21] The Energy Star program's savings calculator has also been criticized for unrealistic assumptions in its model that tend to magnify savings benefits to the average consumer.^[22]

Another factor yet to be considered by the EPA and DOE is the overall effect of energy-saving requirements on the durability and expected service life of a mass-market appliance built to a consumer-level cost standard. For example, a refrigerator may be made more efficient by the use of more insulative spacing and a smaller-capacity compressor using electronics to control operation and temperature. However, this may come at the cost of reduced interior storage (or increased exterior mass) or a reduced service life due to compressor or electronic failures. In particular, electronic controls used on new-generation appliances are subject to damage from shock, vibration, moisture, or power spikes on the electrical circuit to which they are attached. Critics have pointed out that even if a new appliance is energy efficient, any consumer appliance that does not provide customer satisfaction, or must be replaced twice as often as its predecessor contributes to landfill pollution and waste of natural resources used to construct its replacement.^[23]

Heating and cooling systems

Energy Star qualified heat pumps, boilers, air conditioning systems, and furnaces are available. In addition, cooling and heating bills can be significantly lowered with air sealing and duct sealing. Air sealing reduces the outdoor air that penetrates a building, and duct sealing prevents attic or basement air from entering ducts and lessening the heating/cooling system’s efficiency. Energy Star qualified room air conditioners are at least 10% more energy efficient than the minimum U.S. federal government standards.^[24]

Home electronics

Energy Star qualified televisions^[25] use 30% less energy than average. In November 2008, television specifications were improved to limit on-mode power use, in addition to standby power which is limited by the current specifications. A wider range of Energy Star qualified televisions will be available.

Other qualified home electronics include cordless phones, battery chargers, VCRs and external power adapters, most of which use 90% less energy.

Imaging equipment

The Energy Star Program Requirements for Imaging Products are focused on product families such as electrophotographic (EP) printers, inkjet printers (e.g., thermal), copiers, facsimile machines and other imaging equipment including MFD's (multifunctional devices). Typical Electrical Consumption (TEC) of a product family are measured and reported against an allowance set by the maximum throughput of the device. Operation modes (OM) are measured and reported for devices such as inkjet products against an allowance set by the functions present in the EUT (equipment under test). Devices that included "adders" such as Ethernet, on-board memory, wireless, etc. are mathematically "added" to increase the OM allowance. Recently on February 1, 2011, the EPA/DOE added the requirement that all products registered under the Energy Star service mark, must be tested by an AB (Accredited Body) or CB (Certification Body) Laboratory.

Lighting

The Energy Star is awarded to only certain bulbs that meet strict efficiency, quality, and lifetime criteria. Energy Star qualified fluorescent lighting uses 75% less energy and lasts up to ten times longer than normal incandescent lights.^[26]

Energy Star Qualified light-emitting diode (LED) Lighting:

Reduces energy costs — uses only 20–25% of the electricity that incandescent bulbs use, and last as much as 25 times as long. LEDs use 25%-30% of the amount of energy as halogen incandescent bulbs, and last 8–25 times as long.^[27]
Reduces cooling costs — LEDs produce very little heat.^[28]

To qualify for Energy Star certification, LED lighting products must pass a variety of tests to prove that the products will display the following characteristics:^[29]

Brightness is equal to or greater than existing lighting technologies (incandescent or fluorescent) and light is well distributed over the area lighted by the fixture.
Light output remains constant over time, only decreasing towards the end of the rated lifetime (at least 35,000 hours or 12 years based on use of 8 hours per day).
Excellent color quality. The shade of white light appears clear and consistent over time.
Efficiency is as good as or better than fluorescent lighting.
Light comes on instantly when turned on.
No flicker when dimmed.
No off-state power draw. The fixture does not use power when it is turned off, with the exception of external controls, whose power should not exceed 0.5 watts in the off state.

New homes

New homes or apartments that earn the Energy Star label have been verified to meet energy efficiency requirements set by U.S. EPA. Energy Star certified homes are at least 10% more efficient than homes built to code and achieve a 20% improvement on average, while providing homeowners with better quality, performance, and comfort.^[30] Nearly 1.9 million Energy Star certified homes and apartments have been certified to date.^[30] These high-performing homes can be found across the U.S. and include a complete thermal enclosure system, a high-efficiency heating, ventilation and cooling system, a comprehensive water management system, and energy-efficient lighting and appliances.^[31] Together, U.S. homeowners living in certified homes saved $360 million on their energy bills in 2016 alone.^[32]

Energy performance ratings

The Energy Star program has developed energy performance rating systems for several commercial and institutional building types and manufacturing facilities. These ratings, on a scale of 1 to 100, provide a means for benchmarking the energy efficiency of specific buildings and industrial plants against the energy performance of similar facilities. The ratings are used by building and energy managers to evaluate the energy performance of existing buildings and industrial plants. The rating systems are also used by EPA to determine if a building or plant can qualify to earn Energy Star recognition.^[33]^[34]

For many types of commercial buildings, one can enter energy information into EPA's free online tool, Portfolio Manager,^[35] and it will calculate a score for one's building on a scale of 1–100. Buildings that score a 75 or greater may qualify for the Energy Star. Portfolio Manager is an interactive energy management tool that allows one to track and assess energy and water consumption across one's entire portfolio of buildings in a secure online environment. Whether one owns, manages, or holds properties for investment, Portfolio Manager can help one set investment priorities, identify under-performing buildings, verify efficiency improvements, and receive EPA recognition for superior energy performance.^[36] Portfolio Manager uses an automated benchmarking tool that can award Energy Star certification to buildings that have uploaded 12 months of consecutive energy usage data and received scores of 75 or above.

In 2020 energystar.gov released an updated guide for verifying Energy Star certifications.^[37]

Buildings

The number of space types that can receive the energy performance rating in Portfolio Manager is expanding and now includes housing,^[38] bank/financial institutions, courthouses, hospitals (acute care and children's), hotels and motels, houses of worship, K-12 schools, medical offices, offices, residence halls/dormitories, retail stores, supermarkets, warehouses (refrigerated and non-refrigerated), data centers, senior care facilities, and wastewater facilities.^[39]^[40]

See the technical descriptions for models used in the rating system at.^[41] These documents provide detailed information on the methodologies used to create the energy performance ratings including details on rating objectives, regression techniques, and the steps applied to compute a rating. A 1–100 rating can be generated for ratable space types by entering building attributes, such as square footage and weekly operating hours, and monthly energy consumption data into Portfolio Manager, a free online tool provided by Energy Star. This process is known as benchmarking and reveals how a building's energy consumption compares to that of other similar buildings of the same space type, based on a national average. Earning a rating of 75 or above is the first step towards achieving the Energy Star for a building.

Energy Star energy performance ratings have been incorporated into some green buildings standards, such as LEED for Existing Buildings. In the U.S., builders of energy efficient homes are able to qualify for Federal Income tax credits and deductions.^[42]

Energystar.gov estimated that energy use in commercial buildings accounts for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions, costing more than $100B per year.^[37]

Industrial facilities

Energy performance ratings have been released for the following industrial facilities:^[43]^[40]

Small business award

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) annually recognizes small businesses that demonstrate abilities to reduce waste, conserve energy, and recycle. The businesses use resources and ideas outlined in the Energy Star program.^[44] The award was established in 1999.

Controversies

In March 2010, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) performed covert testing of the Energy Star product certification process and found that Energy Star was for the most part a self-certification program that was vulnerable to fraud and abuse.^[45] While the GAO demonstrated, by submitting fake products from made-up companies, that cheating was possible, they found no evidence of consumer fraud relating to the quality or performance of Energy Star qualified products.^[45]

In response, the Environmental Protection Agency instituted third-party certification of all Energy Star products starting in 2011.^[46] Under this regime, products are tested in an EPA-recognized laboratory and reviewed by an EPA-recognized certification body before they can carry the label. In order to be recognized, labs and certification bodies must meet specified criteria and be subject to oversight by a recognized accreditation body. In addition, a percentage of Energy Star certified product models in each category are subject to off-the-shelf verification testing each year.

As of 2017, there are 23 independent certification bodies and 255 independent laboratories recognized for purposes of Energy Star product certification and testing.^[47] Most cover multiple product types. In 2016, 1,881 product models were subject to verification testing with an overall compliance rate of 95%.^[48]

In March 2017 the Trump Administration proposed a budget that would eliminate the program.^[49] This prompted an outpouring of expressions of support for the Energy Star program from environmental groups,^[50] energy efficiency advocates,^[51]^[52] businesses^[53] and others, including coverage of the "potentially lethal implications of eliminating the program" on Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.^[54]

Adoption in building codes

The current and projected status of energy codes and standards adoption is show in the maps at the link.^[55]

The following cities have mandatory reporting requirements.

Atlanta, GA^[56]
Austin, TX^[57]^[58]
Boston, MA^[59]
Minneapolis, MN^[60]
New York, NY^[61]^[62]
Philadelphia, PA^[63]
San Francisco, CA^[64]
Seattle, WA^[65]
Washington, DC^[66]

References

^ "Guidelines for Energy Service and Product Providers". Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
^ "EPA Celebrates 20th Anniversary of Energy Star". EnergyStar.gov. 2012-03-15. Archived from the original on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2016-05-10.
^ Yardley, William (2012-10-16). "John Hoffman, Developer of Energy Star, Dies at 62". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
^ "Energy Star Overview". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-02. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ Consortium for Energy Efficiency. "National Awareness of Energy Star for 2016" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-03. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ ^a ^b U.S. EPA. "Energy Star international partners". Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
^ "EU Energy Star". Archived from the original on 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
^ U.S. General Publishing Office. "Section 103(g) of the Clean Air Act" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-08-15. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ U.S. General Publishing Office. "Energy Policy Act. Section 131" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ U.S. EPA. "EPA's Statutory Authority for Energy Star". Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ "Energy Star By the Numbers". U.S. EPA. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ "EPA-DOE Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)". U.S. EPA. Archived from the original on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ EnergyStar.gov, “Milestones: Energy Star.” Archived 2016-12-02 at the Wayback Machine 2007. Retrieved on 1 March 2008.
^ "National Awareness of Energy Star". Consortium for Energy Efficiency and US EPA. US EPA. Archived from the original on 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
^ "2017 U.S. Energy and Employment Report | Department of Energy". energy.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-03. Retrieved 2017-11-14.
^ Computers with any Energy Star version installed will display its logo, or a rosette and the company's slogan when running the BIOS after turning the machine on. (Ng, Jansen (1 July 2009). "New Energy Star 5.0 Specs for Computers Become Effective Today". DailyTech. Archived from the original on 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2009-07-01.)
^ "Energy Star 7.1 Program Requirements for Computers" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
^ "Energy Star 8.0 Program Requirements for Computers" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2021-01-07.
^ EnergyStar.gov, "Energy Star – Enterprise Servers" Archived 2019-01-09 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^ EnergyStar.gov, "Learn More about EnergyGuide: Energy Star." Archived 2021-01-03 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
^ Green Energy Efficient Homes, Energy Efficient Dehumidifiers Archived 2021-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
^ Belzer, Richard Energy Star Appliances: EPA's Savings Calculator Exaggerates Savings Archived 2020-07-31 at the Wayback Machine, Regulatory Economics, 5 March 2008
^ Muñoz, Sara Schaeffer, "Do 'Green' Appliances Live Up To Their Billing", The Wall Street Journal, Business, 2 August 2007
^ "Room Air Conditioners Key Product Criteria". Energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-09-01. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
^ "California Sustainability Alliance Energy Star Televisions". Archived from the original on 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
^ "Energy Star Qualified Lighting" (PDF). Energystar.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
^ "Lighting Choices to Save You Money | Department of Energy". www.energy.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-03. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
^ "How much heat is generated by LED light bulbs?". EarthLED.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
^ "Light Bulb Key Product Criteria". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
^ ^a ^b "Energy Star Overview". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-02. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
^ "Features & Benefits of an Energy Star Certified Home". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-01. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
^ "About Energy Star for the Residential Sector". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-12-14. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
^ Energy Star – Evaluate Performance Archived 2011-04-15 at the Wayback Machine Energy Star.gov
^ Energy Star Benchmark Archived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine Energy Star.gov
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^ "Portfolio Manager Overview". Energystar.gov. 2011-12-23. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
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^ "Portfolio Manager Overview: Technical Descriptions for Models Used in the Rating System". Energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
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^ "Small Businesses and Congregations Improve Energy Efficiency and Fight Climate Change / EPA names nine Energy Star small business and congregation award winners". EPA.gov. 2010-09-21. Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
^ ^a ^b U.S. Government Accountability Office (March 2010). "Energy Star Program Covert Testing Shows the Energy Star Program Certification Process is Vulnerable to Fraud and Abuse". Gao-10-470.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Trump Budget Plan Would Slice EPA Spending by Nearly a Third". Bloomberg.com. 2017-03-16. Archived from the original on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
^ Wolf, Alan (March 28, 2017). "Trump May Pull the Plug on Energy Star Program". Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
^ Callahan, Katari (April 5, 2017). "The cheap, effective program that Trump wants to kill". Archived from the original on September 11, 2001. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
^ Heikkinen, Niina (April 5, 2017). "Private sector on quest to save Energy Star". E&E News.
^ Daly, Matthew (April 25, 2017). "Companies decry Trump plan to eliminate Energy Star Program". Associated Press.
^ Bradley, Laura (March 23, 2017). "Samantha Bee Cackles Over Trump's Failing Budget Proposal". Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
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^ http://www.austinenergy.com/about%20us/environmental%20initiatives/ordinance/ordinance.pdf Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine |title= Austin, TX Benchmarking Ordinance
^ http://www.austinenergy.com/about%20us/environmental%20initiatives/ordinance/commercial.htm Archived 2013-02-19 at the Wayback Machine Austin, TX Benchmarking Ordinance
^ http://www.energymanagertoday.com/boston-mandates-energy-benchmarking-091702/ Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine Boston Mandates Energy Benchmarking
^ http://www.minneapolismn.gov/environment/WCMS1P-102244 Minneapolis, MN Benchmarking FAQs
^ http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/benchmarking_summary_for_website.pdf Archived 2013-05-20 at the Wayback Machine New York, NY Benchmarking Summary Website
^ http://www.nyc.gov/html/gbee/html/plan/ll84.shtml Archived 2013-01-25 at the Wayback Machine New York, NY Benchmarking Plan
^ http://legislation.phila.gov/attachments/13491.pdf Archived 2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine Philadelphia, PA Benchmarking
^ http://blog.cleantechies.com/2011/02/09/san-franciscos-energy-benchmark-requirements-detailed/ Archived 2013-02-18 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco, CA Benchmarking
^ http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~scripts/nph-brs.exe?s1=&s3=116731&s4=&s2=&s5=&Sect4=AND&l=20&Sect2=THESON&Sect3=PLURON&Sect5=CBORY&Sect6=HITOFF&d=ORDF&p=1&u=%2F~public%2Fcbory.htm&r=1&f=G Archived 2013-02-21 at the Wayback Machine Seattle, WA Benchmarking
^ http://green.dc.gov/page/private-building-benchmarking Archived 2013-03-14 at the Wayback Machine Washington, D.C. Benchmarking

External links

Energy Star
Energy Star Australia
Energy Star Canada
Energy Consumption Calculator
Energy Star entry at Ecolabelling.org
Energy Efficiency Breakdown of the costs, savings, and energy efficiency of Energy Star appliances
Energy Star qualified Energy Service & Product Providers list
EPA recognized Certification Bodies (CBs) and Laboratories
Energy Star 5.0 Computer specification (November 14, 2008)
10 CFR 430, Subpart B, Appendix A to Subpart B of Part 430 – Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Electric Refrigerators and Electric Refrigerator–Freezers

[1] "Guidelines for Energy Service and Product Providers". Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2012.

[2] "EPA Celebrates 20th Anniversary of Energy Star". EnergyStar.gov. 2012-03-15. Archived from the original on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2016-05-10.

[3] Yardley, William (2012-10-16). "John Hoffman, Developer of Energy Star, Dies at 62". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2019-04-17.

[4] "Energy Star Overview". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-02. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

[5] Consortium for Energy Efficiency. "National Awareness of Energy Star for 2016" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-03. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

[U.S._EPA-6] U.S. EPA. "Energy Star international partners". Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2021-02-10.

[7] "EU Energy Star". Archived from the original on 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2021-02-10.

[8] U.S. General Publishing Office. "Section 103(g) of the Clean Air Act" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-08-15. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

[9] U.S. General Publishing Office. "Energy Policy Act. Section 131" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

[10] U.S. EPA. "EPA's Statutory Authority for Energy Star". Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

[11] "Energy Star By the Numbers". U.S. EPA. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

[12] "EPA-DOE Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)". U.S. EPA. Archived from the original on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

[13] EnergyStar.gov, “Milestones: Energy Star.” Archived 2016-12-02 at the Wayback Machine 2007. Retrieved on 1 March 2008.

[essurvey-14] "National Awareness of Energy Star". Consortium for Energy Efficiency and US EPA. US EPA. Archived from the original on 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2016-07-07.

[15] "2017 U.S. Energy and Employment Report | Department of Energy". energy.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-03. Retrieved 2017-11-14.

[DailyTech-16] Computers with any Energy Star version installed will display its logo, or a rosette and the company's slogan when running the BIOS after turning the machine on. (Ng, Jansen (1 July 2009). "New Energy Star 5.0 Specs for Computers Become Effective Today". DailyTech. Archived from the original on 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2009-07-01.)

[17] "Energy Star 7.1 Program Requirements for Computers" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2019-04-25.

[18] "Energy Star 8.0 Program Requirements for Computers" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2021-01-07.

[19] EnergyStar.gov, "Energy Star – Enterprise Servers" Archived 2019-01-09 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 November 2016.

[20] EnergyStar.gov, "Learn More about EnergyGuide: Energy Star." Archived 2021-01-03 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 March 2008.

[dehum-21] Green Energy Efficient Homes, Energy Efficient Dehumidifiers Archived 2021-01-03 at the Wayback Machine

[22] Belzer, Richard Energy Star Appliances: EPA's Savings Calculator Exaggerates Savings Archived 2020-07-31 at the Wayback Machine, Regulatory Economics, 5 March 2008

[23] Muñoz, Sara Schaeffer, "Do 'Green' Appliances Live Up To Their Billing", The Wall Street Journal, Business, 2 August 2007

[24] "Room Air Conditioners Key Product Criteria". Energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-09-01. Retrieved 2009-03-23.

[25] "California Sustainability Alliance Energy Star Televisions". Archived from the original on 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2010-07-25.

[26] "Energy Star Qualified Lighting" (PDF). Energystar.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2018.

[27] "Lighting Choices to Save You Money | Department of Energy". www.energy.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-03. Retrieved 2018-07-02.

[28] "How much heat is generated by LED light bulbs?". EarthLED.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2018-07-02.

[29] "Light Bulb Key Product Criteria". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2018-07-02.

[auto-30] "Energy Star Overview". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-02. Retrieved 2018-08-28.

[31] "Features & Benefits of an Energy Star Certified Home". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-01. Retrieved 2018-08-28.

[32] "About Energy Star for the Residential Sector". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-12-14. Retrieved 2018-08-28.

[33] Energy Star – Evaluate Performance Archived 2011-04-15 at the Wayback Machine Energy Star.gov

[34] Energy Star Benchmark Archived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine Energy Star.gov

[35] "Portfolio Manager". Energy Star. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2012-12-29.

[36] "Portfolio Manager Overview". Energystar.gov. 2011-12-23. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2012-12-29.

[ReferenceB-37] "Energy Star Guide for Licensed Professionals". www.energystar.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-02-23. Retrieved 2020-02-23.

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[51] Callahan, Katari (April 5, 2017). "The cheap, effective program that Trump wants to kill". Archived from the original on September 11, 2001. Retrieved June 18, 2021.

[52] Heikkinen, Niina (April 5, 2017). "Private sector on quest to save Energy Star". E&E News.

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[57] ttp://www.austinenergy.com/about%20us/environmental%20initiatives/ordinance/ordinance.pdf Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine |title= Austin, TX Benchmarking Ordinance

[58] ttp://www.austinenergy.com/about%20us/environmental%20initiatives/ordinance/commercial.htm Archived 2013-02-19 at the Wayback Machine Austin, TX Benchmarking Ordinance

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[60] ttp://www.minneapolismn.gov/environment/WCMS1P-102244 Minneapolis, MN Benchmarking FAQs

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[62] ttp://www.nyc.gov/html/gbee/html/plan/ll84.shtml Archived 2013-01-25 at the Wayback Machine New York, NY Benchmarking Plan

[63] ttp://legislation.phila.gov/attachments/13491.pdf Archived 2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine Philadelphia, PA Benchmarking

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[clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us-65] ttp://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~scripts/nph-brs.exe?s1=&s3=116731&s4=&s2=&s5=&Sect4=AND&l=20&Sect2=THESON&Sect3=PLURON&Sect5=CBORY&Sect6=HITOFF&d=ORDF&p=1&u=%2F~public%2Fcbory.htm&r=1&f=G Archived 2013-02-21 at the Wayback Machine Seattle, WA Benchmarking

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@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | area_served = [[Canada]]<br />[[Japan]]<br />[[Taiwan]]<br />[[Switzerland]]<br />[[United States]]
 | parent = [[United States Department of Energy]]
-| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_spp_guidelines|title=Guidelines for Energy Service and Product Providers |access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/content/epa-celebrates-20th-anniversary-energy-star|title=EPA Celebrates 20th Anniversary of Energy Star|work=EnergyStar.gov|date=2012-03-15|access-date=2016-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/17/us/john-hoffman-developer-of-energy-star-dies-at-62.html|title=John Hoffman, Developer of Energy Star, Dies at 62|last=Yardley|first=William|date=2012-10-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-17|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
+| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_spp_guidelines|title=Guidelines for Energy Service and Product Providers|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-date=2 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602175548/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_spp_guidelines|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/content/epa-celebrates-20th-anniversary-energy-star|title=EPA Celebrates 20th Anniversary of Energy Star|work=EnergyStar.gov|date=2012-03-15|access-date=2016-05-10|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731022154/https://www.energystar.gov/about/content/epa-celebrates-20th-anniversary-energy-star|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/17/us/john-hoffman-developer-of-energy-star-dies-at-62.html|title=John Hoffman, Developer of Energy Star, Dies at 62|last=Yardley|first=William|date=2012-10-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-17|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025411/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/17/us/john-hoffman-developer-of-energy-star-dies-at-62.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 | homepage = {{URL|https://www.energystar.gov/}}
 }}
-'''Energy Star<!--lowercase per WP:MOSTM-->''' (trademarked ''ENERGY STAR'') is a  program run by the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA)  and [[U.S. Department of Energy]] (DOE) that promotes energy efficiency.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.energystar.gov/about |title=Energy Star Overview |website=www.energystar.gov |language=en |access-date=2017-10-25}}</ref> The program provides information on the energy consumption of products and devices using different standardized methods. The Energy Star label<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://library.cee1.org/system/files/library/13175/Final_National_Awareness_of_ENERGY_STAR_2016_040617_508c.pdf |title=National Awareness of Energy Star for 2016|last=Consortium for Energy Efficiency}}</ref> is found on more than 75 different certified product categories, homes, commercial buildings, and industrial plants. In the United States, the Energy Star label is also shown on the Energy Guide appliance label of qualifying products.
+'''Energy Star<!--lowercase per WP:MOSTM-->''' (trademarked ''ENERGY STAR'') is a  program run by the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA)  and [[U.S. Department of Energy]] (DOE) that promotes energy efficiency.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.energystar.gov/about |title=Energy Star Overview |website=www.energystar.gov |language=en |access-date=2017-10-25 |archive-date=2021-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102224156/https://www.energystar.gov/about |url-status=live }}</ref> The program provides information on the energy consumption of products and devices using different standardized methods. The Energy Star label<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library.cee1.org/system/files/library/13175/Final_National_Awareness_of_ENERGY_STAR_2016_040617_508c.pdf|title=National Awareness of Energy Star for 2016|last=Consortium for Energy Efficiency|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-date=2021-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103010740/https://library.cee1.org/system/files/library/13175/Final_National_Awareness_of_ENERGY_STAR_2016_040617_508c.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> is found on more than 75 different certified product categories, homes, commercial buildings, and industrial plants. In the United States, the Energy Star label is also shown on the Energy Guide appliance label of qualifying products.
-Elements of the Energy Star Program are being implemented in [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Switzerland]] - as well as Energy Star Canada.<ref name="U.S. EPA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=partners.intl_implementation |title=Energy Star international partners |last=U.S. EPA|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref> In 2018, a 15-year long agreement with the [[European Union]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-products/energy-star_en |title=EU Energy Star|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref> expired. A previous agreement with the [[European Free Trade Association]]<ref name="U.S. EPA"/> has also expired.
+Elements of the Energy Star Program are being implemented in [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Switzerland]] - as well as Energy Star Canada.<ref name="U.S. EPA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=partners.intl_implementation |title=Energy Star international partners |last=U.S. EPA |access-date=2021-02-10 |archive-date=2018-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127161523/https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=partners.intl_implementation |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, a 15-year long agreement with the [[European Union]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-products/energy-star_en|title=EU Energy Star|access-date=2021-02-10|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211081256/https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-products/energy-star_en|url-status=live}}</ref> expired. A previous agreement with the [[European Free Trade Association]]<ref name="U.S. EPA"/> has also expired.
 ==History==
-The Energy Star program was established by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 and operates under the authority of the [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]], section 103(g), and the [[Energy Policy Act of 2005|2005 Energy Policy Act]], section 131 (which amended the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, section 324).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap85-subchapI-partA-sec7403.pdf |title=Section 103(g) of the Clean Air Act|last=U.S. General Publishing Office}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap77-subchapIII-partA-sec6294a.pdfhttps:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap77-subchapIII-partA-sec6294a.pdf|title=Energy Policy Act. Section 131|last=U.S. General Publishing Office}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/epas_role_energy_star/epa%E2%80%99s_statutory_authority_energy_star|title=EPA's Statutory Authority for Energy Star|last=U.S. EPA}}</ref> Since 1992, Energy Star and its partners have reduced various energy bills by at least $430 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/energy_star_numbers|title=Energy Star By the Numbers|publisher=U.S. EPA}}</ref>
+The Energy Star program was established by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 and operates under the authority of the [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]], section 103(g), and the [[Energy Policy Act of 2005|2005 Energy Policy Act]], section 131 (which amended the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, section 324).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap85-subchapI-partA-sec7403.pdf|title=Section 103(g) of the Clean Air Act|last=U.S. General Publishing Office|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-date=2018-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815012217/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap85-subchapI-partA-sec7403.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap77-subchapIII-partA-sec6294a.pdfhttps:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap77-subchapIII-partA-sec6294a.pdf|title=Energy Policy Act. Section 131|last=U.S. General Publishing Office|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-date=2018-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731073537/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap77-subchapIII-partA-sec6294a.pdfhttps:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap77-subchapIII-partA-sec6294a.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/epas_role_energy_star/epa%E2%80%99s_statutory_authority_energy_star|title=EPA's Statutory Authority for Energy Star|last=U.S. EPA|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193428/https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/epas_role_energy_star/epa%E2%80%99s_statutory_authority_energy_star|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 1992, Energy Star and its partners have reduced various energy bills by at least $430 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/energy_star_numbers|title=Energy Star By the Numbers|publisher=U.S. EPA|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-date=2020-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130223735/https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/energy_star_numbers|url-status=live}}</ref>
-The EPA manages Energy Star products, homes, and commercial/industrial programs. The EPA develops and manages Energy Star Portfolio Manager, an online energy tracking and benchmarking tool for commercial buildings. The DOE manages Home Performance with Energy Star and provides technical support, including test procedure development for products and some verification testing of products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=partners.mou|title=EPA-DOE Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)|publisher=U.S. EPA}}</ref>
+The EPA manages Energy Star products, homes, and commercial/industrial programs. The EPA develops and manages Energy Star Portfolio Manager, an online energy tracking and benchmarking tool for commercial buildings. The DOE manages Home Performance with Energy Star and provides technical support, including test procedure development for products and some verification testing of products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=partners.mou|title=EPA-DOE Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)|publisher=U.S. EPA|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731011649/https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=partners.mou|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Initiated as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote [[Energy conservation|energy efficient]] products, Energy Star began with labels for computer and [[printer (computing)|printer]] products. In 1995 the program was significantly expanded, introducing labels for residential heating and cooling systems and new homes.<ref>EnergyStar.gov, [http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_milestones “Milestones: Energy Star.”] 2007. Retrieved on 1 March 2008.</ref> In 2000, the Consortium for Energy Efficiency was directed by members to begin an annual survey of Energy Star impact.<ref name='essurvey'>{{cite web | url = http://www.cee1.org/content/household-energy-star-awareness-surveys | title = National Awareness of Energy Star | access-date = 2016-07-07 | work = Consortium for Energy Efficiency and US EPA | publisher = US EPA | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160725181354/http://www.cee1.org/content/household-energy-star-awareness-surveys | archive-date = 2016-07-25 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
+Initiated as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote [[Energy conservation|energy efficient]] products, Energy Star began with labels for computer and [[printer (computing)|printer]] products. In 1995 the program was significantly expanded, introducing labels for residential heating and cooling systems and new homes.<ref>EnergyStar.gov, [http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_milestones “Milestones: Energy Star.”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202012204/https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_milestones |date=2016-12-02 }} 2007. Retrieved on 1 March 2008.</ref> In 2000, the Consortium for Energy Efficiency was directed by members to begin an annual survey of Energy Star impact.<ref name='essurvey'>{{cite web | url = http://www.cee1.org/content/household-energy-star-awareness-surveys | title = National Awareness of Energy Star | access-date = 2016-07-07 | work = Consortium for Energy Efficiency and US EPA | publisher = US EPA | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160725181354/http://www.cee1.org/content/household-energy-star-awareness-surveys | archive-date = 2016-07-25 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
-According to the U.S. Energy and Employment Report for 2016, 290,000 American workers are involved in the manufacture of Energy Star certified products and building materials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://energy.gov/downloads/2017-us-energy-and-employment-report|title=2017 U.S. Energy and Employment Report {{!}} Department of Energy|website=energy.gov|access-date=2017-11-14}}</ref> The report also projects that employment in energy efficiency will grow much faster than other areas of the energy sector—9 percent in 2017 vs. average projected growth of 5 percent across all of the energy sector—and Energy Star is an integral part of that market.
+According to the U.S. Energy and Employment Report for 2016, 290,000 American workers are involved in the manufacture of Energy Star certified products and building materials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://energy.gov/downloads/2017-us-energy-and-employment-report|title=2017 U.S. Energy and Employment Report {{!}} Department of Energy|website=energy.gov|access-date=2017-11-14|archive-date=2021-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103010311/https://www.energy.gov/downloads/2017-us-energy-and-employment-report|url-status=live}}</ref> The report also projects that employment in energy efficiency will grow much faster than other areas of the energy sector—9 percent in 2017 vs. average projected growth of 5 percent across all of the energy sector—and Energy Star is an integral part of that market.
 ==Specifications==
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 ===Computers===
+Energy Star 4.0 specifications for computers became effective on July 20, 2007. The requirements are more stringent than the previous specification and existing equipment designs can no longer use the service mark unless re-qualified. They require the use of [[80 Plus]] Bronze level or higher [[Computer power supply|power supplies]]. Energy Star 5.0 became effective on July 1, 2009.<ref name="DailyTech">Computers with any Energy Star version installed will display its logo, or a [[Rosette (design)|rosette]] and the company's slogan when running the [[BIOS]] after turning the machine on. ({{cite news|url=http://www.dailytech.com/New+Energy+Star+50+Specs+for+Computers+Become+Effective+Today/article15559.htm|title=New Energy Star 5.0 Specs for Computers Become Effective Today|last=Ng|first=Jansen|date=1 July 2009|work=[[DailyTech]]|access-date=2009-07-01|archive-date=2017-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622184250/http://www.dailytech.com/New+Energy+Star+50+Specs+for+Computers+Become+Effective+Today/article15559.htm|url-status=dead}})</ref> Energy Star 6.1 became effective on September 10, 2014. Energy Star 7.1 became effective on November 16, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Computers%20Final%20Version%207.1%20Specification_0.pdf|title=Energy Star 7.1 Program Requirements for Computers|access-date=2019-04-25|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016231904/https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Computers%20Final%20Version%207.1%20Specification_0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Version 8.0 specification for computers was finalized on October 15, 2019 and became effective on October 15, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Computers%20Final%20Version%208.0%20Specification%20-%20Rev.%20April%202020_0.pdf|title=Energy Star 8.0 Program Requirements for Computers|access-date=2021-01-07|archive-date=2020-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202133517/https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Computers%20Final%20Version%208.0%20Specification%20-%20Rev.%20April%202020_0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Energy Star 4.0 specifications for computers became effective on July 20, 2007. The requirements are more stringent than the previous specification and existing equipment designs can no longer use the service mark unless re-qualified. They require the use of [[80 Plus]] Bronze level or higher [[Computer power supply|power supplies]]. Energy Star 5.0 became effective on July 1, 2009.<ref name="DailyTech">
-Computers with any Energy Star version installed will display its logo, or a [[Rosette (design)|rosette]] and the company's slogan when running the [[BIOS]] after turning the machine on. ({{cite news|url=http://www.dailytech.com/New+Energy+Star+50+Specs+for+Computers+Become+Effective+Today/article15559.htm|title=New Energy Star 5.0 Specs for Computers Become Effective Today|last=Ng|first=Jansen|date=1 July 2009|work=[[DailyTech]]|access-date=2009-07-01}})</ref> Energy Star 6.1 became effective on September 10, 2014. Energy Star 7.1 became effective on November 16, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Computers%20Final%20Version%207.1%20Specification_0.pdf|title=Energy Star 7.1 Program Requirements for Computers}}</ref> The Version 8.0 specification for computers was finalized on October 15, 2019 and became effective on October 15, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Computers%20Final%20Version%208.0%20Specification%20-%20Rev.%20April%202020_0.pdf|title=Energy Star 8.0 Program Requirements for Computers}}</ref>
 ===Servers===
-The EPA released Version 1.0 of the Computer Server specifications on May 15, 2009. It covered standalone servers with one to four [[CPU socket|processor sockets]]. A second tier to the specification adding active state power and performance reporting for all qualified servers, as well as blade and multi-node server idle state requirements became effective December 16, 2013.<ref>EnergyStar.gov, [https://www.energystar.gov/products/office_equipment/enterprise_servers "Energy Star – Enterprise Servers"]. Retrieved 30 November 2016.</ref> The Version 2.0 Energy Star specification for Computer Servers came into effect on December 16, 2013. The Version 3.0 Energy Star specification for Enterprise Servers came into effect on June 17, 2019 [https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Version%203.0%20Computer%20Servers%20Program%20Requirements_0.pdf].
+The EPA released Version 1.0 of the Computer Server specifications on May 15, 2009. It covered standalone servers with one to four [[CPU socket|processor sockets]]. A second tier to the specification adding active state power and performance reporting for all qualified servers, as well as blade and multi-node server idle state requirements became effective December 16, 2013.<ref>EnergyStar.gov, [https://www.energystar.gov/products/office_equipment/enterprise_servers "Energy Star – Enterprise Servers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109045158/https://www.energystar.gov/products/office_equipment/enterprise_servers |date=2019-01-09 }}. Retrieved 30 November 2016.</ref> The Version 2.0 Energy Star specification for Computer Servers came into effect on December 16, 2013. The Version 3.0 Energy Star specification for Enterprise Servers came into effect on June 17, 2019 [https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/ENERGY%20STAR%20Version%203.0%20Computer%20Servers%20Program%20Requirements_0.pdf].
 ===Appliances===
 [[File:Dryer EnergyStar4 (15872120794).jpg|thumb|2015 advertisement promoting Energy Star-certified clothes dryers]]
-As of early 2008, average [[refrigerators]] need 20% savings over the minimum standard. Dishwashers need at least 41% savings. Most appliances as well as heating and cooling systems have a yellow EnergyGuide label showing the annual cost of operation compared to other models. This label is created through the [[Federal Trade Commission]] and often shows if an appliance is Energy Star rated.<ref>EnergyStar.gov, [http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=appliances.pr_energy_guide "Learn More about EnergyGuide: Energy Star."]. Retrieved 1 March 2008.</ref> While an Energy Star label indicates that the appliance is more energy efficient than the minimum guidelines, purchasing an Energy Star labeled product does not always mean one is getting the most energy efficient option available. For example, dehumidifiers that are rated under {{convert|25|USpt|L}} per day of water extraction receive an Energy Star rating if they have an [[energy factor]] of 1.2 (higher is better), while those rated {{convert|25|USpt|L}} to {{convert|35|USpt|L}} per day receive an Energy Star rating for an energy factor of 1.4 or higher. Thus a higher-capacity but non-Energy Star rated dehumidifier ''may'' be a more energy efficient alternative than an Energy Star rated but lower-capacity model.<ref name=dehum>Green Energy Efficient Homes, [http://www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com/energy-efficient-dehumidifiers.html Energy Efficient Dehumidifiers]</ref> The Energy Star program's savings calculator has also been criticized for unrealistic assumptions in its model that tend to magnify savings benefits to the average consumer.<ref>[[Richard Belzer|Belzer, Richard]] ''[http://neutralsource.org/archives/595 Energy Star Appliances: EPA's Savings Calculator Exaggerates Savings]'', Regulatory Economics, 5 March 2008</ref>
+As of early 2008, average [[refrigerators]] need 20% savings over the minimum standard. Dishwashers need at least 41% savings. Most appliances as well as heating and cooling systems have a yellow EnergyGuide label showing the annual cost of operation compared to other models. This label is created through the [[Federal Trade Commission]] and often shows if an appliance is Energy Star rated.<ref>EnergyStar.gov, [http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=appliances.pr_energy_guide "Learn More about EnergyGuide: Energy Star."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103010005/https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=appliances.pr_energy_guide |date=2021-01-03 }}. Retrieved 1 March 2008.</ref> While an Energy Star label indicates that the appliance is more energy efficient than the minimum guidelines, purchasing an Energy Star labeled product does not always mean one is getting the most energy efficient option available. For example, dehumidifiers that are rated under {{convert|25|USpt|L}} per day of water extraction receive an Energy Star rating if they have an [[energy factor]] of 1.2 (higher is better), while those rated {{convert|25|USpt|L}} to {{convert|35|USpt|L}} per day receive an Energy Star rating for an energy factor of 1.4 or higher. Thus a higher-capacity but non-Energy Star rated dehumidifier ''may'' be a more energy efficient alternative than an Energy Star rated but lower-capacity model.<ref name=dehum>Green Energy Efficient Homes, [http://www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com/energy-efficient-dehumidifiers.html Energy Efficient Dehumidifiers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103041618/https://green-energy-efficient-homes.com/energy-efficient-dehumidifiers.html |date=2021-01-03 }}</ref> The Energy Star program's savings calculator has also been criticized for unrealistic assumptions in its model that tend to magnify savings benefits to the average consumer.<ref>[[Richard Belzer|Belzer, Richard]] ''[http://neutralsource.org/archives/595 Energy Star Appliances: EPA's Savings Calculator Exaggerates Savings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731002455/http://neutralsource.org/archives/595 |date=2020-07-31 }}'', Regulatory Economics, 5 March 2008</ref>
 Another factor yet to be considered by the EPA and DOE is the overall effect of energy-saving requirements on the durability and expected service life of a mass-market appliance built to a consumer-level cost standard. For example, a refrigerator may be made more efficient by the use of more insulative spacing and a smaller-capacity compressor using electronics to control operation and temperature. However, this may come at the cost of reduced interior storage (or increased exterior mass) or a reduced service life due to compressor or electronic failures. In particular, electronic controls used on new-generation appliances are subject to damage from shock, vibration, moisture, or power spikes on the electrical circuit to which they are attached. Critics have pointed out that even if a new appliance is energy efficient, any consumer appliance that does not provide customer satisfaction, or must be replaced twice as often as its predecessor contributes to landfill pollution and waste of natural resources used to construct its replacement.<ref>Muñoz, Sara Schaeffer, "Do 'Green' Appliances Live Up To Their Billing", ''The Wall Street Journal'', Business, 2 August 2007</ref>
 ===Heating and cooling systems===
-Energy Star qualified heat pumps, boilers, air conditioning systems, and furnaces are available. In addition, cooling and heating bills can be significantly lowered with air sealing and duct sealing. Air sealing reduces the outdoor air that penetrates a building, and duct sealing prevents attic or basement air from entering ducts and lessening the heating/cooling system’s efficiency. Energy Star qualified [[room air conditioner]]s are at least 10% more energy efficient than the minimum U.S. federal government standards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roomac.pr_crit_room_ac |title=Room Air Conditioners Key Product Criteria|publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2009-03-23}}</ref>
+Energy Star qualified heat pumps, boilers, air conditioning systems, and furnaces are available. In addition, cooling and heating bills can be significantly lowered with air sealing and duct sealing. Air sealing reduces the outdoor air that penetrates a building, and duct sealing prevents attic or basement air from entering ducts and lessening the heating/cooling system’s efficiency. Energy Star qualified [[room air conditioner]]s are at least 10% more energy efficient than the minimum U.S. federal government standards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roomac.pr_crit_room_ac |title=Room Air Conditioners Key Product Criteria |publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2009-03-23 |archive-date=2015-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901051250/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roomac.pr_crit_room_ac |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ===Home electronics===
-Energy Star qualified televisions<ref>[http://sustainca.org/techshowcase/est/overview California Sustainability Alliance Energy Star Televisions]</ref> use 30% less energy than average. In November 2008, television specifications were improved to limit on-mode power use, in addition to [[standby power]] which is limited by the current specifications. A wider range of Energy Star qualified televisions will be available.
+Energy Star qualified televisions<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sustainca.org/techshowcase/est/overview |title=California Sustainability Alliance Energy Star Televisions |access-date=2010-07-25 |archive-date=2017-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627093453/http://sustainca.org/techshowcase/est/overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> use 30% less energy than average. In November 2008, television specifications were improved to limit on-mode power use, in addition to [[standby power]] which is limited by the current specifications. A wider range of Energy Star qualified televisions will be available.
 Other qualified home electronics include cordless phones, battery chargers, VCRs and external power adapters, most of which use 90% less energy.
@@ Line 56: / Line 55: @@
 ===Lighting===
 [[File:Change Five Lights (13566225195).jpg|thumb|EPA graphic promoting light bulb replacement]]
-The Energy Star is awarded to only certain bulbs that meet strict efficiency, quality, and lifetime criteria. Energy Star qualified [[fluorescent lighting]] uses 75% less energy and lasts up to ten times longer than normal [[incandescent light]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/ia/new_homes/features/Lighting_062906.pdf|title=Energy Star Qualified Lighting|website=Energystar.gov|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>
+The Energy Star is awarded to only certain bulbs that meet strict efficiency, quality, and lifetime criteria. Energy Star qualified [[fluorescent lighting]] uses 75% less energy and lasts up to ten times longer than normal [[incandescent light]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/ia/new_homes/features/Lighting_062906.pdf|title=Energy Star Qualified Lighting|website=Energystar.gov|access-date=2 July 2018|archive-date=23 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723162857/https://www.energystar.gov/ia/new_homes/features/Lighting_062906.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
 Energy Star Qualified [[light-emitting diode]] (LED) Lighting:
-* Reduces energy costs&nbsp;— uses only 20–25% of the electricity that incandescent bulbs use, and last as much as 25 times as long. LEDs use 25%-30% of the amount of energy as halogen incandescent bulbs, and last 8–25 times as long.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money|title=Lighting Choices to Save You Money {{!}} Department of Energy|website=www.energy.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref>
+* Reduces energy costs&nbsp;— uses only 20–25% of the electricity that incandescent bulbs use, and last as much as 25 times as long. LEDs use 25%-30% of the amount of energy as halogen incandescent bulbs, and last 8–25 times as long.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money|title=Lighting Choices to Save You Money {{!}} Department of Energy|website=www.energy.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-07-02|archive-date=2021-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103042650/https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money|url-status=live}}</ref>
-* Reduces cooling costs&nbsp;— LEDs produce very little heat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.earthled.com/blogs/led-lighting-faq-frequently-asked-questions/how-much-heat-is-generated-by-led-light-bulbs|title=How much heat is generated by LED light bulbs?|work=EarthLED.com|access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref>
+* Reduces cooling costs&nbsp;— LEDs produce very little heat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.earthled.com/blogs/led-lighting-faq-frequently-asked-questions/how-much-heat-is-generated-by-led-light-bulbs|title=How much heat is generated by LED light bulbs?|work=EarthLED.com|access-date=2018-07-02|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731002536/https://www.earthled.com/blogs/led-lighting-faq-frequently-asked-questions/how-much-heat-is-generated-by-led-light-bulbs|url-status=live}}</ref>
-To qualify for Energy Star certification, LED lighting products must pass a variety of tests to prove that the products will display the following characteristics:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans/light_bulbs/key_product_criteria|title=Light Bulb Key Product Criteria|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref>
+To qualify for Energy Star certification, LED lighting products must pass a variety of tests to prove that the products will display the following characteristics:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans/light_bulbs/key_product_criteria|title=Light Bulb Key Product Criteria|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-07-02|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111213527/https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans/light_bulbs/key_product_criteria|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * Brightness is equal to or greater than existing lighting technologies (incandescent or fluorescent) and light is well distributed over the area lighted by the fixture.
 * Light output remains constant over time, only decreasing towards the end of the rated lifetime (at least 35,000 hours or 12 years based on use of 8 hours per day).
@@ Line 72: / Line 71: @@
 ===New homes===
-New homes or apartments that earn the Energy Star label have been verified to meet energy efficiency requirements set by U.S. EPA. Energy Star certified homes are at least 10% more efficient than homes built to code and achieve a 20% improvement on average, while providing homeowners with better quality, performance, and comfort.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about|title=Energy Star Overview|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref> Nearly 1.9 million Energy Star certified homes and apartments have been certified to date.<ref name="auto"/> These high-performing homes can be found across the U.S. and include a complete thermal enclosure system, a high-efficiency heating, ventilation and cooling system, a comprehensive water management system, and energy-efficient lighting and appliances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/newhomes/explore_features_benefits|title=Features & Benefits of an Energy Star Certified Home|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref> Together, U.S. homeowners living in certified homes saved $360 million on their energy bills in 2016 alone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/energy_star_overview/about_energy_star_residential_sector|title=About Energy Star for the Residential Sector|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref>
+New homes or apartments that earn the Energy Star label have been verified to meet energy efficiency requirements set by U.S. EPA. Energy Star certified homes are at least 10% more efficient than homes built to code and achieve a 20% improvement on average, while providing homeowners with better quality, performance, and comfort.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about|title=Energy Star Overview|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-date=2021-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102224156/https://www.energystar.gov/about|url-status=live}}</ref> Nearly 1.9 million Energy Star certified homes and apartments have been certified to date.<ref name="auto"/> These high-performing homes can be found across the U.S. and include a complete thermal enclosure system, a high-efficiency heating, ventilation and cooling system, a comprehensive water management system, and energy-efficient lighting and appliances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/newhomes/explore_features_benefits|title=Features & Benefits of an Energy Star Certified Home|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101005009/https://www.energystar.gov/newhomes/explore_features_benefits|url-status=live}}</ref> Together, U.S. homeowners living in certified homes saved $360 million on their energy bills in 2016 alone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/energy_star_overview/about_energy_star_residential_sector|title=About Energy Star for the Residential Sector|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-date=2020-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214180957/https://www.energystar.gov/about/origins_mission/energy_star_overview/about_energy_star_residential_sector|url-status=live}}</ref>
 {{Further|Green building in the United States}}
 ==Energy performance ratings==
-The Energy Star program has developed energy performance rating systems for several commercial and institutional building types and manufacturing facilities. These ratings, on a scale of 1 to 100, provide a means for [[benchmarking]] the energy efficiency of specific buildings and industrial plants against the energy performance of similar facilities. The ratings are used by building and energy managers to evaluate the energy performance of existing buildings and industrial plants. The rating systems are also used by EPA to determine if a building or plant can qualify to earn Energy Star recognition.<ref>[http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.pt_neprs_learn Energy Star – Evaluate Performance] ''Energy Star.gov''</ref><ref>[http://www.energystar.gov/benchmark Energy Star Benchmark] ''Energy Star.gov''</ref>
+The Energy Star program has developed energy performance rating systems for several commercial and institutional building types and manufacturing facilities. These ratings, on a scale of 1 to 100, provide a means for [[benchmarking]] the energy efficiency of specific buildings and industrial plants against the energy performance of similar facilities. The ratings are used by building and energy managers to evaluate the energy performance of existing buildings and industrial plants. The rating systems are also used by EPA to determine if a building or plant can qualify to earn Energy Star recognition.<ref>[http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.pt_neprs_learn Energy Star – Evaluate Performance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415185124/https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.pt_neprs_learn |date=2011-04-15 }} ''Energy Star.gov''</ref><ref>[http://www.energystar.gov/benchmark Energy Star Benchmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122070909/http://www.energystar.gov/benchmark/ |date=2008-11-22 }} ''Energy Star.gov''</ref>
-For many types of commercial buildings, one can enter energy information into EPA's free online tool, Portfolio Manager,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/ |title=Portfolio Manager |publisher=Energy Star |access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref> and it will calculate a score for one's building on a scale of 1–100. Buildings that score a 75 or greater may qualify for the Energy Star. Portfolio Manager is an interactive energy management tool that allows one to track and assess energy and water consumption across one's entire portfolio of buildings in a secure online environment. Whether one owns, manages, or holds properties for investment, Portfolio Manager can help one set investment priorities, identify under-performing buildings, verify efficiency improvements, and receive EPA recognition for superior energy performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager |title=Portfolio Manager Overview |publisher=Energystar.gov |date=2011-12-23 |access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref> Portfolio Manager uses an automated benchmarking tool that can award Energy Star certification to buildings that have uploaded 12 months of consecutive energy usage data and received scores of 75 or above.
+For many types of commercial buildings, one can enter energy information into EPA's free online tool, Portfolio Manager,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/ |title=Portfolio Manager |publisher=Energy Star |access-date=2012-12-29 |archive-date=2013-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116090145/https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and it will calculate a score for one's building on a scale of 1–100. Buildings that score a 75 or greater may qualify for the Energy Star. Portfolio Manager is an interactive energy management tool that allows one to track and assess energy and water consumption across one's entire portfolio of buildings in a secure online environment. Whether one owns, manages, or holds properties for investment, Portfolio Manager can help one set investment priorities, identify under-performing buildings, verify efficiency improvements, and receive EPA recognition for superior energy performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager |title=Portfolio Manager Overview |publisher=Energystar.gov |date=2011-12-23 |access-date=2012-12-29 |archive-date=2013-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105075803/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager |url-status=live }}</ref> Portfolio Manager uses an automated benchmarking tool that can award Energy Star certification to buildings that have uploaded 12 months of consecutive energy usage data and received scores of 75 or above.
-In 2020 energystar.gov released an updated guide for verifying Energy Star certifications.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-guide-licensed-professionals|title=Energy Star Guide for Licensed Professionals |website=www.energystar.gov|access-date=2020-02-23}}</ref>
+In 2020 energystar.gov released an updated guide for verifying Energy Star certifications.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-guide-licensed-professionals|title=Energy Star Guide for Licensed Professionals|website=www.energystar.gov|access-date=2020-02-23|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223233145/https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-guide-licensed-professionals|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Buildings===
 [[File:Is your city a true Energy Star? Check out the top 5 cities with the most Energy Star certified buildings. See all 25 winners here- http---go.usa.gov-3r6mH (16902878646).jpg|thumb|2015 graph showing cities with the most Energy Star-certified buildings]]
-The number of space types that can receive the energy performance rating in Portfolio Manager is expanding and now includes housing,<ref name="EPA2006">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, [http://www.energystar.gov/ia/news/downloads/annual_report_2006.pdf "2006 Annual Report: Energy Star and Other Climate Protection Partnerships."]. Retrieved 1 March 2008.</ref> bank/financial institutions, courthouses, hospitals (acute care and children's), hotels and motels, houses of worship, K-12 schools, medical offices, offices, residence halls/dormitories, retail stores, supermarkets, warehouses (refrigerated and non-refrigerated), data centers, senior care facilities, and wastewater facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=eligibility.bus_portfoliomanager_eligibility |title=Criteria for Rating Building Energy Performance |publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2009-03-23}}</ref><ref name="energystar.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_bldgs |title=The Energy Star for Buildings & Manufacturing Plants  |publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref>
+The number of space types that can receive the energy performance rating in Portfolio Manager is expanding and now includes housing,<ref name="EPA2006">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, [http://www.energystar.gov/ia/news/downloads/annual_report_2006.pdf "2006 Annual Report: Energy Star and Other Climate Protection Partnerships."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221050111/https://www.energystar.gov/ia/news/downloads/annual_report_2006.pdf |date=2017-02-21 }}. Retrieved 1 March 2008.</ref> bank/financial institutions, courthouses, hospitals (acute care and children's), hotels and motels, houses of worship, K-12 schools, medical offices, offices, residence halls/dormitories, retail stores, supermarkets, warehouses (refrigerated and non-refrigerated), data centers, senior care facilities, and wastewater facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=eligibility.bus_portfoliomanager_eligibility |title=Criteria for Rating Building Energy Performance |publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2009-03-23 |archive-date=2009-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508185639/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=eligibility.bus_portfoliomanager_eligibility |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="energystar.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_bldgs |title=The Energy Star for Buildings & Manufacturing Plants |publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2012-12-29 |archive-date=2012-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230100420/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_bldgs |url-status=live }}</ref>
-See the technical descriptions for models used in the rating system at.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager_model_tech_desc |title=Portfolio Manager Overview: Technical Descriptions for Models Used in the Rating System  |publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref> These documents provide detailed information on the methodologies used to create the energy performance ratings including details on rating objectives, regression techniques, and the steps applied to compute a rating. A 1–100 rating can be generated for ratable space types by entering building attributes, such as square footage and weekly operating hours, and monthly energy consumption data into [http://www.energystar.gov/benchmarking Portfolio Manager], a free online tool provided by Energy Star. This process is known as benchmarking and reveals how a building's energy consumption compares to that of other similar buildings of the same space type, based on a national average. Earning a rating of 75 or above is the first step towards achieving the Energy Star for a building.
+See the technical descriptions for models used in the rating system at.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager_model_tech_desc |title=Portfolio Manager Overview: Technical Descriptions for Models Used in the Rating System |publisher=Energystar.gov |access-date=2012-12-29 |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031125155/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager_model_tech_desc |url-status=live }}</ref> These documents provide detailed information on the methodologies used to create the energy performance ratings including details on rating objectives, regression techniques, and the steps applied to compute a rating. A 1–100 rating can be generated for ratable space types by entering building attributes, such as square footage and weekly operating hours, and monthly energy consumption data into [http://www.energystar.gov/benchmarking Portfolio Manager], a free online tool provided by Energy Star. This process is known as benchmarking and reveals how a building's energy consumption compares to that of other similar buildings of the same space type, based on a national average. Earning a rating of 75 or above is the first step towards achieving the Energy Star for a building.
-Energy Star energy performance ratings have been incorporated into some green buildings standards, such as LEED for Existing Buildings. In the U.S., builders of energy efficient homes are able to qualify for Federal Income tax credits and deductions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/federal_tax_credits|title=Federal Income Tax Credits and Other Incentives for Energy Efficiency|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-02-19}}</ref>
+Energy Star energy performance ratings have been incorporated into some green buildings standards, such as LEED for Existing Buildings. In the U.S., builders of energy efficient homes are able to qualify for Federal Income tax credits and deductions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/about/federal_tax_credits|title=Federal Income Tax Credits and Other Incentives for Energy Efficiency|website=www.energystar.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2020-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218163604/https://www.energystar.gov/about/federal_tax_credits|url-status=live}}</ref>
 Energystar.gov estimated that energy use in commercial buildings accounts for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions, costing more than $100B per year.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
 ===Industrial facilities===
-Energy performance ratings have been released for the following industrial facilities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=in_focus.bus_industries_focus#plant |title=Industries in Focus  |publisher=Energystar.gov |date=2009-03-16 |access-date=2009-03-23}}</ref><ref name="energystar.gov" />
+Energy performance ratings have been released for the following industrial facilities:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=in_focus.bus_industries_focus#plant |title=Industries in Focus |publisher=Energystar.gov |date=2009-03-16 |access-date=2009-03-23 |archive-date=2009-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508184317/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=in_focus.bus_industries_focus#plant |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="energystar.gov" />
 * [[Car|Automobile assembly plants]]
 * [[Cement|Cement plants]]
@@ Line 107: / Line 106: @@
 == Small business award ==
-The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) annually recognizes small businesses that demonstrate abilities to reduce waste, conserve energy, and recycle. The businesses use resources and ideas outlined in the Energy Star program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/d9294d935bbeafa0852577a500525a3b!OpenDocument |title=Small Businesses and Congregations Improve Energy Efficiency and Fight Climate Change / EPA names nine Energy Star small business and congregation award winners |date=2010-09-21 |publisher=[[EPA.gov]]}}</ref> The award was established in 1999.
+The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) annually recognizes small businesses that demonstrate abilities to reduce waste, conserve energy, and recycle. The businesses use resources and ideas outlined in the Energy Star program.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/d9294d935bbeafa0852577a500525a3b!OpenDocument |title=Small Businesses and Congregations Improve Energy Efficiency and Fight Climate Change / EPA names nine Energy Star small business and congregation award winners |date=2010-09-21 |publisher=[[EPA.gov]] |access-date=2010-09-25 |archive-date=2010-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223170941/http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/d9294d935bbeafa0852577a500525a3b!OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref> The award was established in 1999.
 ==Controversies==
 In March 2010, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) performed covert testing of the Energy Star product certification process and found that Energy Star was for the most part a self-certification program that was vulnerable to fraud and abuse.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=U.S. Government Accountability Office|title=Energy Star Program Covert Testing Shows the Energy Star Program Certification Process is Vulnerable to Fraud and Abuse|journal=Gao-10-470|date=March 2010}}</ref> While the GAO demonstrated, by submitting fake products from made-up companies, that cheating was possible, they found no evidence of consumer fraud relating to the quality or performance of Energy Star qualified products.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
-In response, the Environmental Protection Agency instituted third-party certification of all Energy Star products starting in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=third_party_certification.tpc_index|access-date=October 12, 2017}}</ref> Under this regime, products are tested in an EPA-recognized laboratory and reviewed by an EPA-recognized certification body before they can carry the label. In order to be recognized, labs and certification bodies must meet specified criteria and be subject to oversight by a recognized accreditation body. In addition, a percentage of Energy Star certified product models in each category are subject to off-the-shelf verification testing each year.
+In response, the Environmental Protection Agency instituted third-party certification of all Energy Star products starting in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=third_party_certification.tpc_index|access-date=October 12, 2017|title=Archived copy|archive-date=October 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017093625/https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=third_party_certification.tpc_index|url-status=live}}</ref> Under this regime, products are tested in an EPA-recognized laboratory and reviewed by an EPA-recognized certification body before they can carry the label. In order to be recognized, labs and certification bodies must meet specified criteria and be subject to oversight by a recognized accreditation body. In addition, a percentage of Energy Star certified product models in each category are subject to off-the-shelf verification testing each year.
-As of 2017, there are 23 independent certification bodies and 255 independent laboratories recognized for purposes of Energy Star product certification and testing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=recognized_bodies_list.show_RCB_search_form|access-date=October 12, 2017}}</ref> Most cover multiple product types. In 2016, 1,881 product models were subject to verification testing with an overall compliance rate of 95%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/downloads/2016%20Verification%20Testing%20Summary.pdf?59c2-99b5|access-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref>
+As of 2017, there are 23 independent certification bodies and 255 independent laboratories recognized for purposes of Energy Star product certification and testing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=recognized_bodies_list.show_RCB_search_form|access-date=October 12, 2017|title=Archived copy|archive-date=July 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711234801/https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=recognized_bodies_list.show_RCB_search_form|url-status=live}}</ref> Most cover multiple product types. In 2016, 1,881 product models were subject to verification testing with an overall compliance rate of 95%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/downloads/2016%20Verification%20Testing%20Summary.pdf?59c2-99b5|access-date=October 16, 2017|title=Archived copy|archive-date=October 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017043032/https://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/downloads/2016%20Verification%20Testing%20Summary.pdf?59c2-99b5|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In March 2017 the Trump Administration proposed a budget that would eliminate the program.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-03-16/trump-budget-proposal-would-slice-epa-spending-by-nearly-a-third|title=Trump Budget Plan Would Slice EPA Spending by Nearly a Third|date=2017-03-16|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref> This prompted an outpouring of expressions of support for the Energy Star program from environmental groups,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wolf|first1=Alan|title=Trump May Pull the Plug on Energy Star Program|url=http://www.twice.com|date=March 28, 2017}}</ref> energy efficiency advocates,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Callahan|first1=Katari|title=The cheap, effective program that Trump wants to kill|url=http://www.cnn.com|date=April 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Heikkinen|first1=Niina|title=Private sector on quest to save Energy Star|publisher=E&E News|date=April 5, 2017}}</ref> businesses<ref>{{cite news|last1=Daly|first1=Matthew|title=Companies decry Trump plan to eliminate Energy Star Program|agency= Associated Press|date=April 25, 2017}}</ref> and others, including coverage of the "potentially lethal implications of eliminating the program" on Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bradley|first1=Laura|title=Samantha Bee Cackles Over Trump's Failing Budget Proposal|url=http://www.vanityfair.com|date=March 23, 2017}}</ref>
+In March 2017 the Trump Administration proposed a budget that would eliminate the program.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-03-16/trump-budget-proposal-would-slice-epa-spending-by-nearly-a-third|title=Trump Budget Plan Would Slice EPA Spending by Nearly a Third|date=2017-03-16|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425205043/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-03-16/trump-budget-proposal-would-slice-epa-spending-by-nearly-a-third|url-status=live}}</ref> This prompted an outpouring of expressions of support for the Energy Star program from environmental groups,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wolf|first1=Alan|title=Trump May Pull the Plug on Energy Star Program|url=http://www.twice.com|date=March 28, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2021|archive-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616171152/https://www.twice.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> energy efficiency advocates,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Callahan|first1=Katari|title=The cheap, effective program that Trump wants to kill|url=http://www.cnn.com|date=April 5, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2021|archive-date=September 11, 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010911200318/http://www.cnn.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Heikkinen|first1=Niina|title=Private sector on quest to save Energy Star|publisher=E&E News|date=April 5, 2017}}</ref> businesses<ref>{{cite news|last1=Daly|first1=Matthew|title=Companies decry Trump plan to eliminate Energy Star Program|agency= Associated Press|date=April 25, 2017}}</ref> and others, including coverage of the "potentially lethal implications of eliminating the program" on Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bradley|first1=Laura|title=Samantha Bee Cackles Over Trump's Failing Budget Proposal|url=http://www.vanityfair.com|date=March 23, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2021|archive-date=May 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528014639/http://m.vanityfair.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 == Adoption in building codes ==
-The current and projected status of energy codes and standards adoption is show in the maps at the link.<ref>[http://www.energycodes.gov/adoption/states  Building Energy Codes Program]</ref>
+The current and projected status of energy codes and standards adoption is show in the maps at the link.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.energycodes.gov/adoption/states |title=Building Energy Codes Program |access-date=2013-03-07 |archive-date=2013-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305072234/http://www.energycodes.gov/adoption/states/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 The following cities have mandatory reporting requirements.
-* Atlanta, GA<ref>https://atlantabuildingbenchmarking.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/15-o-1101-atlanta-commercial-energy-efficiency-ordinance.pdf</ref>
+* Atlanta, GA<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://atlantabuildingbenchmarking.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/15-o-1101-atlanta-commercial-energy-efficiency-ordinance.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-10-10 |archive-date=2016-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014104802/https://atlantabuildingbenchmarking.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/15-o-1101-atlanta-commercial-energy-efficiency-ordinance.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
 * Austin, TX<ref>http://www.austinenergy.com/about%20us/environmental%20initiatives/ordinance/ordinance.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526063240/http://www.austinenergy.com/About%20Us/Environmental%20Initiatives/ordinance/ordinance.pdf |date=2013-05-26 }} |title= Austin, TX Benchmarking Ordinance</ref><ref>http://www.austinenergy.com/about%20us/environmental%20initiatives/ordinance/commercial.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219003024/http://www.austinenergy.com/About%20Us/Environmental%20Initiatives/ordinance/commercial.htm |date=2013-02-19 }}  Austin, TX Benchmarking Ordinance</ref>
-* Boston, MA<ref>http://www.energymanagertoday.com/boston-mandates-energy-benchmarking-091702/ Boston Mandates Energy Benchmarking</ref>
+* Boston, MA<ref>http://www.energymanagertoday.com/boston-mandates-energy-benchmarking-091702/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225409/http://www.energymanagertoday.com/boston-mandates-energy-benchmarking-091702/ |date=2013-10-04 }} Boston Mandates Energy Benchmarking</ref>
 * Minneapolis, MN<ref>http://www.minneapolismn.gov/environment/WCMS1P-102244 Minneapolis, MN Benchmarking FAQs</ref>
-* New York, NY<ref>http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/benchmarking_summary_for_website.pdf New York, NY Benchmarking Summary Website</ref><ref>http://www.nyc.gov/html/gbee/html/plan/ll84.shtml New York, NY Benchmarking Plan</ref>
+* New York, NY<ref>http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/benchmarking_summary_for_website.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520151531/http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/benchmarking_summary_for_website.pdf |date=2013-05-20 }} New York, NY Benchmarking Summary Website</ref><ref>http://www.nyc.gov/html/gbee/html/plan/ll84.shtml {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125230259/http://www.nyc.gov/html/gbee/html/plan/ll84.shtml |date=2013-01-25 }} New York, NY Benchmarking Plan</ref>
-* Philadelphia, PA<ref>http://legislation.phila.gov/attachments/13491.pdf Philadelphia, PA Benchmarking</ref>
+* Philadelphia, PA<ref>http://legislation.phila.gov/attachments/13491.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530044505/http://legislation.phila.gov/attachments/13491.pdf |date=2013-05-30 }} Philadelphia, PA Benchmarking</ref>
 * San Francisco, CA<ref>http://blog.cleantechies.com/2011/02/09/san-franciscos-energy-benchmark-requirements-detailed/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218190917/http://blog.cleantechies.com/2011/02/09/san-franciscos-energy-benchmark-requirements-detailed/ |date=2013-02-18 }} San Francisco, CA Benchmarking</ref>
-* Seattle, WA<ref name="clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us">http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~scripts/nph-brs.exe?s1=&s3=116731&s4=&s2=&s5=&Sect4=AND&l=20&Sect2=THESON&Sect3=PLURON&Sect5=CBORY&Sect6=HITOFF&d=ORDF&p=1&u=%2F~public%2Fcbory.htm&r=1&f=G Seattle, WA Benchmarking</ref>
+* Seattle, WA<ref name="clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us">http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~scripts/nph-brs.exe?s1=&s3=116731&s4=&s2=&s5=&Sect4=AND&l=20&Sect2=THESON&Sect3=PLURON&Sect5=CBORY&Sect6=HITOFF&d=ORDF&p=1&u=%2F~public%2Fcbory.htm&r=1&f=G {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221193401/http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~scripts/nph-brs.exe?s1=&s3=116731&s4=&s2=&s5=&Sect4=AND&l=20&Sect2=THESON&Sect3=PLURON&Sect5=CBORY&Sect6=HITOFF&d=ORDF&p=1&u=%2F~public%2Fcbory.htm&r=1&f=G |date=2013-02-21 }} Seattle, WA Benchmarking</ref>
-* Washington, DC<ref>http://green.dc.gov/page/private-building-benchmarking Washington, D.C. Benchmarking</ref>
+* Washington, DC<ref>http://green.dc.gov/page/private-building-benchmarking {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314032705/http://green.dc.gov/page/private-building-benchmarking |date=2013-03-14 }} Washington, D.C. Benchmarking</ref>
 ==See also==

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States