Venyukovioidea: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Extinct infraorder of therapsids}} |
{{Short description|Extinct infraorder of therapsids}} |
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| name = Venyukovioidea |
| name = Venyukovioidea |
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'''Venyukovioidea''' is a clade (or superfamily) of [[anomodont]] [[therapsid]]s from the [[Permian]] of [[Russia]]. It includes the genera ''[[Otsheria]]'', ''[[Venjukovia]]'', ''[[Ulemica]]'', and ''[[Suminia]]''. Venyukovioidea and [[Dromasauria]] were traditionally considered the two main groups of [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] anomodonts. Dromasauria was considered a [[Gondwana]]n group while Venyukovioidea was a [[Euramerica]]n group. More recent studies consider Dromasauria to be [[paraphyletic]]. Venyukovioidea is thought to have arisen from basal anomodonts in [[Africa]] and underwent an evolutionary radiation in [[Russia]].<ref name=MRW99>{{cite journal |last=Modesto |first=S. |author2=Rubidge, B. |author3= Welman, J. |year=1999 |title=The most basal anomodont therapsid and the primacy of Gondwana in the evolution of the anomodonts |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B |volume=266 |pages=331–337 |pmc=1689688 |doi=10.1098/rspb.1999.0642}}</ref> |
'''Venyukovioidea''' is a clade (or superfamily) of [[anomodont]] [[therapsid]]s from the [[Permian]] of [[Russia]]. It includes the genera ''[[Otsheria]]'', ''[[Venjukovia]]'', ''[[Ulemica]]'', and ''[[Suminia]]''. Venyukovioidea and [[Dromasauria]] were traditionally considered the two main groups of [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] anomodonts. Dromasauria was considered a [[Gondwana]]n group while Venyukovioidea was a [[Euramerica]]n group. More recent studies consider Dromasauria to be [[paraphyletic]]. Venyukovioidea is thought to have arisen from basal anomodonts in [[Africa]] and underwent an evolutionary radiation in [[Russia]].<ref name=MRW99>{{cite journal |last=Modesto |first=S. |author2=Rubidge, B. |author3= Welman, J. |year=1999 |title=The most basal anomodont therapsid and the primacy of Gondwana in the evolution of the anomodonts |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B |volume=266 |pages=331–337 |pmc=1689688 |doi=10.1098/rspb.1999.0642}}</ref> |
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==Venyukoviamorpha== |
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = '''Venyukoviamorpha''' |
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Temporal range: [[Guadalupian|Middle Permian]] - Late Permian |
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| regnum = [[Animalia]] |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| divisio = [[Synapsida]] |
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| ordo = †[[Therapsida]] |
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| subordo = †[[Anomodontia]] |
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| superordo = †[[Venyukovioidea]] |
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| cladus = †Venyukoviamorpha |
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| familia = †Venyukoviidae |
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| binomial = '''Venyukoviamorpha''' |
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| binomial_authority = [[D. M. S. Watson]] and [[Alfred Romer]], [[1956 in paleontology|1956]] |
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}} |
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'''Venyukoviamorpha''' is an extinct superfamily of [[anomodont]] [[therapsids]] under Venyukovoidea. While the exact placement of many genera within the basal anomodonts is contentious, it is generally accepted that the Venyukoviamorpha represent a monophyletic clade.<ref>Benton, M.J., Shishkin, M.A., and Unwin, D.M., eds. (2000), ''The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia'', Cambridge University Press , 105 {{ISBN|978-0-521-54582-2}}.</ref> |
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Four [[genera]] of small, plant-eating anomodonts make up the Venyukoviamorpha -- ''[[Venyukovia]]'', ''[[Ulemica]]'', ''[[Otsheria]]'', and ''[[Suminia]]''. All Venyukoviamorpha remains have been found in western Siberia (located during the Middle to [[Late Permian]] in [[Laurasia]], the northern part of the [[supercontinent]] [[Pangea]]). |
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The Venyukoviamorpha were named for ''Venyukovia'' (in turn, named for that fossil's discoverer, Russian geologist P.N. Venyukov).<ref>Benton, M.J., Shishkin, M.A., and Unwin, D.M., eds. (2000), ''The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia'', Cambridge University Press , 23-24, {{ISBN|978-0-521-54582-2}}.</ref> But ''Venyukovia'' is known only from lower jaw fragments of a single individual (other fossil remains originally attributed to ''Venyukovia'' having been reassigned to the later genus, ''Ulemia'').<ref>Benton, M.J., Shishkin, M.A., and Unwin, D.M., eds. (2000), ''The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia'', Cambridge University Press, 105 {{ISBN|978-0-521-54582-2}}, and |
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Ivakhnenko, M. F. (1996). "Primitive anomodonts, venyukoviids, from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe". ''Paleontological Journal'' '''30''': 575–582.</ref> Ulemia <ref>Fröbisch, Jörg and Reisz, Robert R. (2011), The postcranial anatomy of ''Suminia getmanovi'' (Synapsida: Anomodontia), the earliest known arboreal tetrapod, ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', '''162''': 662.</ref> and the poorly preserved ''Otsheria'' <ref>Angielczyk, Kenneth D. (2004), Phylogenetic evidence for and implications of a dual origin of propaliny in anomodont therapsids (Synapsida), ''Paleobiology'', '''30''': 268–296.</ref> also lack post-cranial remains. |
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To date, the only preserved Venyukoviamorpha post-cranial remains are associated with the later ''Suminia'' fossil. ''Suminia'' is described as a derived venyukovioid and a sister-taxon of ''Ulemica''.<ref>Rybczynski, Natalia (2000), "Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe," ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''130''' (3): 329–373.</ref> A ''Suminia'' fossil (PIN 2212/116) revealed a long-tailed animal by therapsid standards. The comparatively long limbs and phalanges with opposable 'thumbs' led to the suggestion that ''Suminia'' was adapted for grasping tree branches in an arboreal lifestyle.<ref>Fröbisch, Jörg and Reisz, Robert R. (2009), "The Late Permian herbivore Suminia and the early evolution of arboreality in terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems," ''Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences'', '''276''': 3611–3618.</ref> |
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Compared with other therapsids, the Venyukoviamorpha were distinguished by comparatively long tooth rows with large incisors.<ref>Boonstra, L. D. (1971), "The early therapsids", ''Annals of the South African Museum'', '''59''': (November 1972, paper first published in December 1971) |
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https://archive.org/stream/annalsofsouth59197172sout/annalsofsouth59197172sout_djvu.txt</ref> The arrangement of teeth was complex and varied greatly among members of the Venyukoviamorpha.<ref>Kemp, Tom S. (2005), ''The Origin and Evolution of Mammals'', Oxford University Press, 39-42, {{ISBN|978-0-19-850761-1}}.</ref> Incisors were chisel-shaped <ref>Benton, M.J., Shishkin, M.A., and Unwin, D.M., eds. (2000), ''The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia'', Cambridge University Press , 105, {{ISBN|978-0-521-54582-2}}.</ref> or leaf-shaped and serrated.<ref>Cisneros, Juan Carlos, ''et al'' (2011), "Dental Occlusion in a 260-Million-Year-Old Therapsid with SaberCanines from the Permian of Brazil," ''Science'', '''331''': 1603.</ref> Post-canine teeth could be spatulate (''Otsheria''), bluntly conical (''Venyukovia'') for grinding, or leaf-shaped for shredding (''Suminia'').<ref>Rybczynski, Natalia (2000), "Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe," ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', '''130''' (3): 329–373.</ref> The mixed dentition of ''Suminia'' is claimed to represent the first evidence of the efficient processing of food by chewing.<ref>Rybczynski, Natalia and Reisz, Robert R. (2001), "Earliest evidence for efficient oral processing in a terrestrial herbivore," ''Nature'' '''411''': 684–687.</ref> |
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The Venyukoviamorpha lived in environments surrounded by [[amphibians]], [[pareiasaur]]s and other [[reptiles]], as well as other therapsids. As an example, small plant-eating ''Otsheria'' existed alongside larger therapsid herbivores (''[[Estemmenosuchus]]'') and therapsid hunters ([[biarmosuchia]]ns, [[anteosaur]]id [[dinocephalians]], and [[gorgonopsians]]).<ref>Kemp, Tom S. (2006), "The origin and early radiation of the therapsid mammal-like reptiles: a palaeobiological hypothesis," ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology'', '''19''' (4): 1231–1247.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Anomodontia|A.}} |
{{Anomodontia|A.}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q7920676 |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7920676}} |
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[[Category:Anomodonts]] |
[[Category:Anomodonts]] |
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Revision as of 00:12, 4 January 2023
 | It has been suggested that Venyukoviidae and Otsheridae be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2023. |
 | It has been suggested that this article be merged with Venyukoviamorpha. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2022. |
| Venyukovioidea Temporal range: Middle - Late Permian,
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| Life restoration of Venyukovia prima | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Clade: | Therapsida |
| Suborder: | †Anomodontia |
| Infraorder: | †Venyukovioidea Watson and Romer, 1956 |
| Families | |
Venyukovioidea is a clade (or superfamily) of anomodont therapsids from the Permian of Russia. It includes the genera Otsheria, Venjukovia, Ulemica, and Suminia. Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria were traditionally considered the two main groups of basal anomodonts. Dromasauria was considered a Gondwanan group while Venyukovioidea was a Euramerican group. More recent studies consider Dromasauria to be paraphyletic. Venyukovioidea is thought to have arisen from basal anomodonts in Africa and underwent an evolutionary radiation in Russia.[1]
References
- ^ Modesto, S.; Rubidge, B.; Welman, J. (1999). "The most basal anomodont therapsid and the primacy of Gondwana in the evolution of the anomodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 266: 331–337. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0642. PMC 1689688.
External links
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