Tropical cyclones in 2023: Difference between revisions
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We can mention the JTWC's statistics when we are counting how many C5 equivalent cyclones formed in the year Freddy reached C5 between 18Z (UTC) yesterday to 00Z (UTC) today per JTWC's best track data. |
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[[File:Major Tropical Cyclones of 2023.jpg|thumb|300px|A satellite photo of the only [[tropical cyclone]] worldwide that reached at least Category 3 on the [[Saffir–Simpson scale]] during [[w:2023|2023]], which is Cyclone Freddy in February.]] |
[[File:Major Tropical Cyclones of 2023.jpg|thumb|300px|A satellite photo of the only [[tropical cyclone]] worldwide that reached at least Category 3 on the [[Saffir–Simpson scale]] during [[w:2023|2023]], which is Cyclone Freddy in February.]] |
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In 2023, [[tropical cyclone]]s formed in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as [[tropical cyclone basins]]. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain [[maximum sustained winds]] of {{convert|35|knots|km/h mph|round=5}}. So far 15 systems formed with 8 of them being named. |
In 2023, [[tropical cyclone]]s formed in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as [[tropical cyclone basins]]. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain [[maximum sustained winds]] of {{convert|35|knots|km/h mph|round=5}}. So far 15 systems formed with 8 of them being named. One Category 5 tropical cyclone on the [[Saffir–Simpson scale]] (SSHWS) formed during the year. |
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Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by ten warning centers across the world, designated as a [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] (RSMC) or a [[Tropical Cyclone Warning Center]] (TCWC) by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO). These ten centers are the [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC), the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]] (CPHC), the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA), the [[Indian Meteorological Department]] (IMD), [[Météo-France]] (MFR), Indonesia's [[Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency|Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]], the Australian [[Bureau of Meteorology]] (BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service, the [[Fiji Meteorological Service]] (FMS), and New Zealand's [[MetService]]. Other notable warning centers include the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA; albeit official within the Philippines), the United States's [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC), and the [[Brazilian Navy]] Hydrographic Center. |
Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by ten warning centers across the world, designated as a [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] (RSMC) or a [[Tropical Cyclone Warning Center]] (TCWC) by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO). These ten centers are the [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC), the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]] (CPHC), the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA), the [[Indian Meteorological Department]] (IMD), [[Météo-France]] (MFR), Indonesia's [[Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency|Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]], the Australian [[Bureau of Meteorology]] (BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service, the [[Fiji Meteorological Service]] (FMS), and New Zealand's [[MetService]]. Other notable warning centers include the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA; albeit official within the Philippines), the United States's [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC), and the [[Brazilian Navy]] Hydrographic Center. |
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Revision as of 17:28, 16 February 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
| Tropical cyclones in 2023 | |
|---|---|
| Year boundaries | |
| First system | 03F |
| Formed | January 5, 2023 |
| Strongest system | |
| Name | Freddy |
| Lowest pressure | 937 mbar (hPa); 27.79 inHg |
| Longest lasting system | |
| Name | Dingani |
| Duration | 19 days |
| Year statistics | |
| Total systems | 16 |
| Named systems | 9 |
| Total fatalities | 42 (1)[a] |
| Total damage | Unknown |
In 2023, tropical cyclones formed in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). So far 15 systems formed with 8 of them being named. One Category 5 tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS) formed during the year.
Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by ten warning centers across the world, designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These ten centers are the National Hurricane Center (NHC), the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France (MFR), Indonesia's Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), and New Zealand's MetService. Other notable warning centers include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA; albeit official within the Philippines), the United States's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.
Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions
There is an amplified Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) event over the Eastern Indian Ocean present and is contributing to instability and an increase in conductive environment for increased convective activity in the area.[citation needed] On February 9th NOAA made a new ENSO forecast stating that the La Nina is still ongoing but will transition into an ENSO-Nuetral soon. It says that there is around a 5% chance that the La Nina persists throughout March and around a 95% chance of an ENSO-Neutral in March. The ENSO-Neutral is expected to transition into a El Nino later in the year with around a 60% chance of an El Nino in September. [1]
Summary
Western Pacific Ocean
North Indian Ocean
The season began on January 30 with the formation of a tropical depression classified as BOB 01 over the Bay of Bengal. The storm's formation makes it the first time since 2019 to see a storm develop in the month of January in the basin. The JTWC later issued a TCFA on the system, which it designated as Invest 90B. It began to weaken after continued land interaction with Sri Lanka.
South-West Indian Ocean
January - June
On January 17, a zone of Disturbed Weather classified as 05 formed northeast of Madagascar. It was later upgraded to Tropical Depression by the MFR and the JTWC. Meteo Madagascar later named it Cheneso. After making landfall in northeastern Madagascar, the JTWC issued their final warning. The MFR, however, was still tracking the system, and stated that Cheneso had become an overland depression. On January 21, the JTWC began re-issuing advisories, as the system had re-emerged over water, and later re-issued a TCFA on the system. The MFR re-designated the system as Tropical Disturbance Cheneso. The JTWC re-upgraded the system to tropical storm status, and on January 24, the MFR, upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm. It was later upgraded to tropical cyclone (MFR designation) and category-1 hurricane (JTWC designation). With land interaction and upwelling cool waters, it degenerated into a severe tropical storm (MFR designation) on January 27 as it started accelerating towards the south. It was later downgraded to tropical storm by the JTWC. After briefly re-intensifying to tropical cyclone status, it was downgraded to strong tropical storm and transitioned into a Post-tropical depression on January 29. By January 30, JTWC issued the last warning for Cheneso. On February 9, Tropical Low 11U from the Australian region moved into the Southwest Indian Ocean basin, which the MFR classified as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani. The JTWC initiated advisories as Tropical Cyclone 13S. It was struggling to intensify due to high wind shear, however was later upgraded to Severe Tropical Storm. It was later upgraded to Tropical Cyclone status by the MFR and Category 1 Hurricane by the JTWC. After reaching Catgeory 2 status, it turned southward, and after weakening, it transitioned into a post-tropical depression on February 15. On February 14, Severe Tropical Cyclone Freddy entered this basin, where it was immediately designated as a Tropical Cyclone by the MFR. It later intensified into Intense Tropical Cyclone on the MFR's scale, and re-intensified into a Category 5 major hurricane on the SSHWS, becoming the first category 5 cyclone of the year.
Australian Region
January - June
The season began with Cyclone Ellie, which persisted into 2023. Ellie dissipated on January 8, ending its long duration over the Australian mainland. On January 6, Tropical Low 07U formed over the Coral Sea, becoming the first storm to form in the basin. 07U entered the South Pacific basin on the next day, where it was named Hale by the FMS. Tropical Disturbance 05F formed on January 14 by the FMS, while it was still in the Australian basin. It briefly moved into the South Pacific basin and re-entered into the Australian basin. It later moved back into the South Pacific Basin. On January 18, a tropical low formed. The JTWC issued a TCFA on the system as it crossed into the South Pacific basin. It was later identified as 06F (10P from JTWC) and was dissipated on January 21 with vertical wind shear in South Pacific Ocean. On January 22, a tropical low classified as 10U by the BoM formed from a monsoon trough over the Arafura Sea, which generally headed westward after formation. It dissipated on January 26. On January 27, the BoM noted that a tropical low formed in the central Indian Ocean and classified it as 11U. The JTWC designated the system as Invest 94S, and began to consolidate. Another tropical low formed in the central Indian Ocean being classified as 12U by the BoM and Invest 95S by the JTWC, which dissipated on February 5. The same day, another tropical low classified as 13U by the BoM and 97S by the JTWC formed northeast of 12U, and began to consolidate. 13U intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, henceforth being assigned the name Freddy. Tropical Low 14U formed south of the Solomon Islands, also being tracked by the JTWC, by the code identfier 99P. Freddy intensified into a Category 3 on the Australian scale, and 14U became the fifth named storm of 2023 as it became a Category 1 on the Australian scale, henceforth being assigned the name Gabrielle. Tropical Low 11U moved into the Southwest Indian Ocean basin on February 9, where it was assigned the name Dingani. Freddy weakened into a category two tropical cyclone before intensifying again. Gabrielle moved into the South Pacific basin as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on February 10. Freddy intensified into a Category 4 on both the Australian scale and the SSHWS. Tropical Low 15U formed in the Gulf of Carpentaria on February 11. Freddy, after weakening slightly, moved into the South-west Indian Ocean basin on February 14.
South Pacific Ocean
January - June
On January 5, a tropical disturbance which was designated as 03F formed near New Caledonia, becoming the first system to form in 2023. 03F dissipated two days later as it was in close proximity with nearby Cyclone Hale. On January 7, Tropical Low 07U entered the basin from the Australian region, where it was reclassified as 04F. On the same day, the system strengthened into a Category 1 cyclone and was named Hale by the FMS. Hale struggled to intensify further due to moderate wind shear and became an extratropical cyclone as it approached New Zealand. Hale caused widespread flooding and slips in the northern and eastern parts of the country however, no fatalities were reported. Tropical Disturbance 05F formed on January 14 by the FMS, while it was still in the Australian basin. It briefly moved into the South Pacific basin and re-entered into the Australian basin. It later moved back into the South Pacific basin. After re-entering into the basin, the JTWC had upgraded the system to Cyclone 09P, and the FMS named the system Irene, as the system had reached tropical storm intensity. It began subtropical transition and completed it on January 19, in which the JTWC issued their final warning on the system. The tropical low that had formed in the Australian region on January 18 crossed over into the South Pacific basin, where the JTWC kept up its TCFA on the system. The FMS classified the system as Tropical Depression 06F. The system dissipated on January 22 without any impacts to land. Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle moved into the South Pacific basin on February 10. It reached peak intensity in this basin as a Category 3 on the Australian scale, and later made landfall on Norfolk Island as a Category 2, and subsequently became subtropical, prompting the BoM and the JTWC to cease advisories, however the JTWC was still tracking it as Subtropical Storm 12P. However, it eventually became fully extratropical and the JTWC stopped tracking the system.
South Atlantic Ocean
On 7 January, a subtropical depression formed about 500 km (310 mi) southeast of Rio de Janeiro.[2] Without affecting any area and moving away from the Brazilian coast, it lost its subtropical characteristics in the afternoon of 10 January, according to the Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center.[3]
Mediterranean Sea
Two systems formed in the Mediterranean Sea in early 2023. On January 21, Storm Hannelore transitioned into a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone in the Adriatic Sea. The storm travelled west-northwest and made landfall in the Rimini Province, Italy early on January 22. Hannelore transitioned into an extratropical cyclone soon after landfall and no impacts from the system was reported.[4] In February, Storm Helios briefly transitioned into a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone to the south of Sicily and brought record-breaking rain to Malta.[5][6]
Systems
January
January was slightly below average, featuring eleven tropical cyclones with four of them being named. From 2022, Cyclone Ellie from the Australian region persisted into 2023. The first storm of the year started off with a short lived disturbance classified as 03F, which formed in the South Pacific basin. Shortly after 03F, a tropical low classified as 07U formed in the Australian basin and later entered the South Pacific basin. There, 07U strengthened into a tropical cyclone and was named Hale by the FMS; becoming the first named storm of the year. The northern part of New Zealand suffered minor flooding after Hale's remnants made landfall over the country on January 10, and one indirect fatality was reported. Four days later, Irene formed, becoming the second named storm in the basin. Irene passed near New Caledonia and Vanuatu however, no serious damage was reported. Moreover in the Australian and South Pacific basins, four tropical lows classified as 06F, 10U, 11U, and 12U formed. The remnants of 06F contributed to major flooding in New Zealand which caused 4 fatalities. In the South-West Indian Ocean basin, Cyclone Cheneso formed south of Diego Garcia and made landfall over northern Madagascar. After landfall, Cheneso's remnants reorganized in the Mozambique Channel and intensified into a Category 2 cyclone, becoming the strongest storm of the month and currently worldwide. Cheneso devastated much of the country and destroyed many infrastructures due to its slow movement off the coast while reorganizing. As of January 31, 33 fatalities were reported from the cyclone. The Northern Indian Ocean basin had an early start with a depression classified as BOB 01 forming on January 30. In the South Atlantic, a subtropical depression formed off the coast of Brazil. The depression however, moved away from the coast and weakened. 11U moved into the Southwest Indian Ocean basin on February 9, where it was assigned the name Dingani. It later intensified to Tropical Cyclone on the MFR's scale and Category 1 on the SSHWS. It eventually intensified to Tropical Cyclone status before turning southward and eventually transitioning into a post-tropical depression. The Mediterranean Sea featured Cyclone Hannelore, a short-lived system in the Adriatic Sea.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03F | January 5–7 | Unknown | 1000 | New Caledonia | None | None | |
| Hale | January 6–8 | 75 (45) | 994 | New Caledonia, New Zealand | Unknown | 0 (1)[a] | |
| SD | January 7–10 | 55 (35) | 1010 | Rio de Janeiro | None | None | |
| Irene | January 14–20 | 100 (65) | 985 | New Caledonia, Vanuatu | Unknown | None | |
| Cheneso | January 16–29 | 150 (90) | 959 | Madagascar | Unknown | 33 | [7] |
| 06F | January 18–22 | 55 (35) | 996 | New Caledonia, New Zealand | Unknown | 4 | |
| Hannelore | January 21–22 | Unknown | 995 | Italy | None | None | [8] |
| 10U | January 22–26 | Unknown | 1001 | Northern Territory | None | None | |
| Dingani | January 27 – February 15 | 140 (85) | 971 | None | None | None | |
| BOB 01 | January 30 – February 2 | 45 (30) | 1004 | Sri Lanka | None | None | |
| 12U | January 31 – February 4 | Unknown | 1002 | None | None | None |
February
Four systems formed in February, three in the Australian Region, and one in the Mediterranean Sea. One, classified as 13U by the BoM, in the eastern Indian Ocean, intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, henceforth being classified as Freddy. It later intensified into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone. Another system classified as Gabrielle formed south of the Solomon Islands. After weakening, Freddy reintensified, reaching Category 4 and both the Australian scale and the SSHWS. Thus, it became the first major hurricane on the SSHWS of the year. Gabrielle later made landfall on Norfolk Island as a Category 2, and later became subtropical. Forming in the Meditaranian Sea, Cyclone Helios briefly existed to the south of Sicily, bringing record-breaking rainfall. It was named on February 10th and decapitated on the same day it was named. Another System was classified as 15U by the BoM on February 11.[9] Freddy later moved into the South-west Indian Ocean basin, where the MFR assigned it to Intense Tropical Cyclone status. And further, became the year's first category 5 cyclone of the year with windspeed of 270 kmph.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freddy | February 5 – present | 215 (130) | 937 | None | None | None | |
| Gabrielle | February 6–11 | 150 (90) | 958 | Norfolk Island, New Zealand | Unknown | 5 | [10] |
| Helios | February 10 | Unknown | 1015 | Malta, Sicily, Tunisia | Unknown | None | [11] |
| 15U | February 11 - present | 45 (30) | 997 | None | None | None |
Global effects
There are a total of eight tropical cyclone basins, seven are seasonal and two is non-seasonal, thus all seven basins except the Mediterranean and South Atlantic are active. In this table, data from all these basins are added. [12]
| Season name | Areas affected | Systems formed | Named storms | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Atlantic Ocean[b] | |||||||
| Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean[b] | |||||||
| Western Pacific Ocean[c] | |||||||
| North Indian Ocean[d] | Sri Lanka | 1 | None | ||||
| South-West Indian Ocean | January – June[e][f] | Madagascar | 1 | 2[g] | Unknown | 33 | |
| July – December[c] | |||||||
| Australian region | January – June[e] | New Caledonia, Northern Australia, Norfolk Island | 8 | 2 | None | ||
| July – December[c] | |||||||
| South Pacific Ocean | January – June[e] | New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu | 2 | 2 | Unknown | 9 (1)[a] | |
| July – December[c] | |||||||
| South Atlantic Ocean | Rio de Janeiro | 1 | None | ||||
| Mediterranean Sea | Italy, Malta | 2 | 2 | Unknown | |||
| Worldwide | (See above) | 13[h] | 6 | Unknown | 42 (1)[a] | ||
- ^ a b c d The number in the bracket indicates indirect deaths.
- ^ a b The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
- ^ a b c d Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2023 are counted in the seasonal totals.
- ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
- ^ a b c Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2023 are counted in the seasonal totals.
- ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France, which uses wind gusts.
- ^ Although only one system formed in this basin, there are two named storms because after Tropical Low 11U moved into this basin, it was given a name, Dingani, by the MFR.
- ^ The sum of the number of systems in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems.
See also
References
- ^ "EL NIÑO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) DIAGNOSTIC DISCUSSION". Issued by Climate Prediction Center/NCEP/NWS. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ^ "FQST02 SBBR 070000". Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center. 7 January 2023. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "Cartas Sinóticas". Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center. 10 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ^ "Medicane in northern Adriatic | EUMETSAT". www.eumetsat.int. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- ^ "Meteo, ciclone Helios sulla Sicilia: 10 febbraio di forte maltempo con raffiche a 100 km/h". Meteo.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- ^ "Malta had wettest February day on record when Storm Helios hit". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- ^ AfricaNews (2023-01-27). "Cyclone Cheneso : le bilan grimpe à au moins 18 morts à Madagascar". Africanews (in French). Retrieved 2023-01-27.
- ^ "Analyse Surface 21-01-23". Deutscher Wetterdienst (in German). Free University of Berlin. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Northern Region, including the Gulf of Carpentaria. Issued at 2: 15 pm CST on Sunday 12 February 2023". Retrieved 12 February 2023.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help) - ^ "#BREAKING: #Cyclone #Gabrielle Fatality Total: 5 -5 in New Zealand -Including 1 child & 1 firefighter -1,400+ people "uncontactable". #wxtwitter #BreakingNews #CycloneGabriel #CycloneGabrielle #NewZealand #flooding #floods #wxtropics #tropicswx #NZwx". Twitter. @WXFatalities. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ^ "Analyse Surface 10-02-23". Deutscher Wetterdienst (in German). Free University of Berlin. 10 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential Seven Basins". NOAA. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
External links
| Tropical cyclone year articles (2020–present) |
|---|
| 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, Post-2024 |
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
- US National Hurricane Center. (RSMC Miami) – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center (RSMC Honolulu) – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency (RSMC Tokyo) – West Pacific
- India Meteorological Department (RSMC New Delhi) – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
- Météo-France – La Reunion (RSMC La Réunion) – South-West Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service (RSMC Nadi) – South Pacific, west of 160°E, north of 25° S
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
- Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (TCWC Jakarta) – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC Melbourne) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
- Papua New Guinea National Weather Service (TCWC Port Moresby) – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited (TCWC Wellington) – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S
Other Warning Centres
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration – Monitors the West Pacific
- Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center - Marine Meteorological Service – Monitors the South Atlantic
- US Joint Typhoon Warning Centre – Monitors the East Pacific, Central Pacific, West Pacific, South Pacific, North Indian Ocean and South-West Indian Ocean