Kulinism: Difference between revisions

Samkhya	Kapila;
Yoga	Patanjali;
Vaisheshika	Kaṇāda, Prashastapada;
Secular	Valluvar;

KULINISM
Formation	1158–69
Founder	Ballala Sena
Type	Social Development
Legal status	Hindu Caste System Rules
Purpose	Citizen's Quality Development
Headquarters	Bikrampur, Bangladesh
Location	Gauda,;
Area served	Gaura, Rárh, Banga, Bagdi, Mithila, Kamrupa, Barendra, India, Bangladesh, Nepal
Official language	Sanskrit, Bengali, Hindi, Maithili
Head	Ballala Sena Lakshmana Sena Keshava Sena Vishvarupa Sena Surya Sena Narayana Sena Laksmana Sena ।। Purusatham Sena
Main organ	Sena Dynasty Rulers

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Kulinism (Bengali: কৌলিন্য) or Kulin Pratha is a custom that was introduced by Raja Ballala Sena of Bengal. Kulin groups could be found among the castes of Brahmin, Baidya and Kayastha.^[1] It created a separate highly privileged category among these upper castes.^[2] The name derives from the Sanskrit word कुलीन (kulina). According to Kulinism, a few families in different castes were considered noble or superior to other families in the same caste. Kulinism (higher social status) refers to marriage of a kulina girl to a man in the same class as well as marriage to one in a higher class.^[3] It essentially asserts that a kulina woman must not have her status lowered by marrying into a group of lower rank. One's Kulin status remains valid for 36-years according to the rules stated by Ballala Sena.^[4]

References

^ Karlekar, Malavika (2007-01-01). "Autobiography as Social Commentary: A Reading of Nistarini Debi's Sekeley Katha". Asian Journal of Women's Studies. 13 (1): 7–31. doi:10.1080/12259276.2007.11666019. ISSN 1225-9276. S2CID 164413004.
^ Sengupta, Nitish (2011-07-19). Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-530-5.
^ Bhaumik, Manotosh Chandra (1986). "Kulinism in Bengal". University. University of Calcutta. hdl:10603/159071. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ Misra, Chitta Ranjan (2012). "Vallalasena". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

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[1] Karlekar, Malavika (2007-01-01). "Autobiography as Social Commentary: A Reading of Nistarini Debi's Sekeley Katha". Asian Journal of Women's Studies. 13 (1): 7–31. doi:10.1080/12259276.2007.11666019. ISSN 1225-9276. S2CID 164413004.

[2] Sengupta, Nitish (2011-07-19). Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-530-5.

[3] Bhaumik, Manotosh Chandra (1986). "Kulinism in Bengal". University. University of Calcutta. hdl:10603/159071. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[bpedia-4] Misra, Chitta Ranjan (2012). "Vallalasena". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

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 {{Hindu philosophy}}
-'''Kulinism''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: কৌলিন্য) or ''Kulin Pratha'' is a custom that was introduced by Raja [[Ballala Sena]] of Bengal. According to some, Kulin groups could be found among the castes of [[Bengali Brahmins|Brahmin]], [[Baidya]] and [[Bengali Kayastha|Kayastha]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karlekar|first=Malavika|date=2007-01-01|title=Autobiography as Social Commentary: A Reading of Nistarini Debi's Sekeley Katha|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2007.11666019|journal=Asian Journal of Women's Studies|volume=13|issue=1|pages=7–31|doi=10.1080/12259276.2007.11666019|s2cid=164413004 |issn=1225-9276}}</ref> though historian [[Ronald Inden]] clearly mentions that Kulinism and 'Kulina worship' existed only among the Bengali Brahmins and Kayasthas.<ref name=Inden1976p1>{{cite book|first=Ronald B. |last=Inden|title=Marriage and Rank in Bengali Culture: A History of Caste and Clan in Middle Period Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P8b9A7J_v-UC&pg=PA1|accessdate=2011-10-31|year=1976|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02569-1|page=1}}</ref> It created a separate highly privileged category among these upper castes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Nitish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TI8GQioaoL4C |title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib |date=2011-07-19 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-530-5 |language=en}}</ref> The name derives from the Sanskrit word कुलीन (kulina). According to Kulinism, a few families in different castes were considered noble or superior to other families in the same caste.  Kulinism (higher social status) refers to marriage of a ''kulina'' girl to a man in the same class as well as marriage to one in a higher class.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Manotosh Chandra |title=Kulinism in Bengal |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/159071 |journal=University |year=1986 |publisher=University of Calcutta |hdl=10603/159071 |accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref> It essentially asserts that a ''kulina'' woman must not have her status lowered by marrying into a group of lower rank. One's ''Kulin'' status remains valid for 36-years according to the rules stated by Ballala Sena.<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book|last=Misra|first=Chitta Ranjan|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|editor1-last=Islam|editor1-first=Sirajul|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam|edition=Second|chapter=Vallalasena|editor2-last=Jamal|editor2-first=Ahmed A.|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Vallalasena}}</ref>
+'''Kulinism''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: কৌলিন্য) or ''Kulin Pratha'' is a custom that was introduced by Raja [[Ballala Sena]] of Bengal. Kulin groups could be found among the castes of [[Bengali Brahmins|Brahmin]], [[Baidya]] and [[Bengali Kayastha|Kayastha]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karlekar|first=Malavika|date=2007-01-01|title=Autobiography as Social Commentary: A Reading of Nistarini Debi's Sekeley Katha|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2007.11666019|journal=Asian Journal of Women's Studies|volume=13|issue=1|pages=7–31|doi=10.1080/12259276.2007.11666019|s2cid=164413004 |issn=1225-9276}}</ref> It created a separate highly privileged category among these upper castes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Nitish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TI8GQioaoL4C |title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib |date=2011-07-19 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-530-5 |language=en}}</ref> The name derives from the Sanskrit word कुलीन (kulina). According to Kulinism, a few families in different castes were considered noble or superior to other families in the same caste.  Kulinism (higher social status) refers to marriage of a ''kulina'' girl to a man in the same class as well as marriage to one in a higher class.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Manotosh Chandra |title=Kulinism in Bengal |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/159071 |journal=University |year=1986 |publisher=University of Calcutta |hdl=10603/159071 |accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref> It essentially asserts that a ''kulina'' woman must not have her status lowered by marrying into a group of lower rank. One's ''Kulin'' status remains valid for 36-years according to the rules stated by Ballala Sena.<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book|last=Misra|first=Chitta Ranjan|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|editor1-last=Islam|editor1-first=Sirajul|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam|edition=Second|chapter=Vallalasena|editor2-last=Jamal|editor2-first=Ahmed A.|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Vallalasena}}</ref>
 ==References==