Khalistan: Difference between revisions
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:''This is about the proposed [[Sikh]] nation-state, see [[Khalistan movement]] for a detailed article on the attempted creation of this state.'' |
:''This is about the proposed [[Sikh]] nation-state, see [[Khalistan movement]] for a detailed article on the attempted creation of this state.'' |
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'''Khālistān''' (East {{lang-pa|ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ}}), official title '''Sikh Republic of Khalistan''', was the name given by [[Jagjit Singh Chauhan]], to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic principles.<ref>[http://www.khalistan.net/Map_of_Khalistan.html Website of Paramjit S. Ajrawat]</ref>. . It was instigated by a few Sikh leaders who believed they, like Muslims of [[Pakistan]], [[Sikhs]] too should get a new state. The Sikhs had an independent state until 1849 until |
'''Khālistān''' (East {{lang-pa|ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ}}), official title '''Sikh Republic of Khalistan''', was the name given by [[Jagjit Singh Chauhan]], to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic principles.<ref>[http://www.khalistan.net/Map_of_Khalistan.html Website of Paramjit S. Ajrawat]</ref>. . It was instigated by a few Sikh leaders who believed they, like Muslims of [[Pakistan]], [[Sikhs]] too should get a new state. The Sikhs had an independent state until 1849 until the British invaded and under the Treaty of Amritsar the state was to restored to the Sikhs once Duleep Singh attained the age of 21 but he himself converted to [[Christianity]] and took residence in the UK.<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1618_277/ai_68157986</ref> |
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Since the separatist Sikh leaders only claim territory that is part of India while conveniently ignoring the fact that Lahore (which is now in Pakistan) was the capital of the independent state and also do not claim any territory in Punjab province of Pakistan that houses some well known sikh religious shrines, some political analysts believe that they are on the payroll of Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence agency. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In the 1970s and 80s, a movement began in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Punjab]] to secede from the Indian Union and create a separate sovereign Sikh state of Khalistan. |
In the 1970s and 80s, a movement began in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Punjab]] to secede from the Indian Union and create a separate sovereign ] Sikh state of Khalistan. Fueled by the [[Pakistan]]i [[Inter Services Intelligence]]<ref>{{cite book |
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| last = Jaffrelot |
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| first = Christophe |
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| title = A History Of Pakistan And Its Origins |
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| series = Anthem South Asian Studies |
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| publisher = Anthem Press |
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| year = 2004 |
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| isbn = 978-1843311492 |
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| pages = 127 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |
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| last = Shah |
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| first = Mehtab Ali |
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| title = The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy, 1971-1994 |
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| publisher = I.B.Tauris |
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| year = 1997 |
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| isbn = 978-1860641695 |
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| pages = 23 |
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}}</ref> agency,the movement reached its peak during mid [[1980]]s under [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]]. It then slowly ebbed out, primarily due to the loss of popular support. The movement also hindered economic investment, became increasingly militant, and threw Punjab into a state of [[anarchy]] with increased levels of [[terrorism]]. The movement was also countered by counter-terrorism operations conducted by the [[Indian Army]] and the [[Punjab Police]] led by [[KPS Gill]]. After the bombing of [[Air India Flight 182]] that claimed the lives of 329 Canadian civilians over the Irish Sea (the worst aviation terrorist attack before [[September 11]]), support for Khalistan lessened to a large extent. Two of the accused in the case, the Sikh separatists [[Ripudaman Singh Malik]] and [[Ajaib Singh Bagri]] were found not guilty and released, while a third accused [[Inderjit Singh Reyat]] was sentenced to ten years after pleading guilty.<ref>[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-70-1018-5695/disasters_tragedies/air_india_investigation/clip6 Sentencing Inderjit Singh Reyat]</ref> In [[1989]] Canadian journalists Zuhair Kashmeri and Brian McAndrew in their book ''[[Soft Target (book)| Soft Target]]'' propounded a [[conspiracy theory]] that the Government of India could have staged the attack to portray the separatists in bad light. |
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The book was later viewed by the legal establishment in Canada as a work of fiction based on the events surrouding Flight 182 especially after the plead of guilt by [[Inderjit Singh Reyat]]<ref>{{cite book |
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| last = Zuhair Kashmeri |
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| first = Brian McAndrew |
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| title = [[Soft Target (book)| Soft Target]] - How the Indian Intelligence Service Penetrated Canada |
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| publisher = James Lorimer & Company |
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| year = 1989 |
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| isbn = 1-55028-221-1 |
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| pages = 162 |
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}}</ref> |
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Another book written by acclaimed investigative journalist Salim Jiwa titled 'Margin of Terror': A Reporter's Twenty-Year Odyssey Covering The Tragedies of the Air India Bombing, gives an eye-witness account of the terrorist bombing of Flight 182 and appears to be more in line with the findings of Canadian Law Enforecement.<ref>{{cite book |
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| last = Salim Jiwa |
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| first = Donald J Hauka |
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| title = [[Margin of Terror (book)| Margin of Terror]] - A Reporter's Twenty-Year Odyssey Covering The Tragedies of the Air India Bombing |
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| publisher = Key Porter Books |
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| year = 2006 |
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| isbn = 1552637727 |
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| pages = 288 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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The areas claimed by the proposed state of Khalistan would have included the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Some supporters of Khalistan also include the [[Pakistan]]i state of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] within the borders claimed for Khalistan, which some other Sikh leaders oppose. |
The areas claimed by the proposed state of Khalistan would have included the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Some supporters of Khalistan also include the [[Pakistan]]i state of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] within the borders claimed for Khalistan, which some other Sikh leaders oppose. |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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* [http://www.punjabtrauma.org/ List of terrorist violence in Punjab] |
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* [http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/legislation/current-legislation/terrorism-act-2000/proscribed-terrorist-groups List of terrorist groups banned across Europe] |
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* [http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/41056.pdf List of terrorist groups banned by US Government] |
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* [http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA200022003?open&of=ENG-IND Amnesty International on Punjab lack of Justice and Impunity] |
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* [http://www.flight182.com/ Death of Flight 182 website] |
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* [http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/10/18/india17103.htm Human Rights Watch; Time for India to Deliver Justice in Punjab] |
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[[Category:Khalistan movement]] |
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[[Category:Wikipedia controversial topics]] |
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[[de:Khalistan]] |
[[de:Khalistan]] |
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Revision as of 22:25, 25 February 2008
 | This article possibly contains original research. (December 2007) |
Sikh Republic of Khalistan[citation needed] | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Motto: Khanda (religious symbol)[citation needed] | |
| Anthem: Deg o Tegh o Fateh or Deh Shiva Bar Mohe[citation needed] | |
| Location of Khalistan | |
| Official languages | Punjabi and English[citation needed] |
| Establishment | |
- This is about the proposed Sikh nation-state, see Khalistan movement for a detailed article on the attempted creation of this state.
Khālistān (East Punjabi: ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ), official title Sikh Republic of Khalistan, was the name given by Jagjit Singh Chauhan, to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic principles.[1]. . It was instigated by a few Sikh leaders who believed they, like Muslims of Pakistan, Sikhs too should get a new state. The Sikhs had an independent state until 1849 until the British invaded and under the Treaty of Amritsar the state was to restored to the Sikhs once Duleep Singh attained the age of 21 but he himself converted to Christianity and took residence in the UK.[2]
Since the separatist Sikh leaders only claim territory that is part of India while conveniently ignoring the fact that Lahore (which is now in Pakistan) was the capital of the independent state and also do not claim any territory in Punjab province of Pakistan that houses some well known sikh religious shrines, some political analysts believe that they are on the payroll of Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence agency.
History
In the 1970s and 80s, a movement began in the Indian state of Punjab to secede from the Indian Union and create a separate sovereign ] Sikh state of Khalistan. Fueled by the Pakistani Inter Services Intelligence[3][4] agency,the movement reached its peak during mid 1980s under Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. It then slowly ebbed out, primarily due to the loss of popular support. The movement also hindered economic investment, became increasingly militant, and threw Punjab into a state of anarchy with increased levels of terrorism. The movement was also countered by counter-terrorism operations conducted by the Indian Army and the Punjab Police led by KPS Gill. After the bombing of Air India Flight 182 that claimed the lives of 329 Canadian civilians over the Irish Sea (the worst aviation terrorist attack before September 11), support for Khalistan lessened to a large extent. Two of the accused in the case, the Sikh separatists Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajaib Singh Bagri were found not guilty and released, while a third accused Inderjit Singh Reyat was sentenced to ten years after pleading guilty.[5] In 1989 Canadian journalists Zuhair Kashmeri and Brian McAndrew in their book Soft Target propounded a conspiracy theory that the Government of India could have staged the attack to portray the separatists in bad light.
The book was later viewed by the legal establishment in Canada as a work of fiction based on the events surrouding Flight 182 especially after the plead of guilt by Inderjit Singh Reyat[6]
Another book written by acclaimed investigative journalist Salim Jiwa titled 'Margin of Terror': A Reporter's Twenty-Year Odyssey Covering The Tragedies of the Air India Bombing, gives an eye-witness account of the terrorist bombing of Flight 182 and appears to be more in line with the findings of Canadian Law Enforecement.[7]
Geography
The areas claimed by the proposed state of Khalistan would have included the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Some supporters of Khalistan also include the Pakistani state of Punjab within the borders claimed for Khalistan, which some other Sikh leaders oppose.
Dr. Paramjit Singh Ajrawat, a Sikh community leader and pro Khalistan activist describes the boundaries of Khalistan as follows:
The geographical boundaries of Khalistan will include current East Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pardesh, part of Rajasthan and small part of Uttar Pardesh. River Ravi on the west and river Jamuna on the east will be some of the boundary lines between Khalistan & Pakistan, Khalistan & India respectively. In the north, part of Himalayan range and in south, part of Thar Desert will make the geographical boundaries of Khalistan.[8]
References
- ^ Website of Paramjit S. Ajrawat
- ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1618_277/ai_68157986
- ^ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2004). A History Of Pakistan And Its Origins. Anthem South Asian Studies. Anthem Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-1843311492.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997). The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy, 1971-1994. I.B.Tauris. p. 23. ISBN 978-1860641695.
- ^ Sentencing Inderjit Singh Reyat
- ^ Zuhair Kashmeri, Brian McAndrew (1989). Soft Target - How the Indian Intelligence Service Penetrated Canada. James Lorimer & Company. p. 162. ISBN 1-55028-221-1.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help) - ^ Salim Jiwa, Donald J Hauka (2006). Margin of Terror - A Reporter's Twenty-Year Odyssey Covering The Tragedies of the Air India Bombing. Key Porter Books. p. 288. ISBN 1552637727.
- ^ http://www.khalistan.net