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{{journalism}}
{{journalism}}
'''Video journalism''', or '''solo journalism'''<ref>[http://hotzone.yahoo.com/meet-kevin Meet Kevin Sites, conflict, war correspondent & solo journalist<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> is a form of [[broadcast journalism]], where the production of video content in which the journalist shoots, edits and often presents his or her own material.
'''Video journalism''' is a form of [[broadcast journalism]], where the production of video content in which the journalist shoots, edits and often presents his or her own material.


A predecessor to video journalism first appeared in the 1960s in the USA, when reporters had to write and shoot their own stories.<ref name="rm1">[http://goa2003.onlinejournalismus.de/forschung/videojournalismus_berufsbild.php Roman Mischel: ''Definition, Geschichte und Gegenwart'', onlinejournalismus.de, 9. Februar 2005 (21. November 2006)]</ref> [[Michael Rosenblum]], a pioneer of video journalism, compared the introduction of [[Professional video camera|video cameras]] to the invention of the portable camera in the 1930s: film spools of plastic made [[photography]] independent from heavy [[Photographic plate|plates]] and tripods. [[DV|digital video technology]] releases TV from heavy cameras, artificial light and studios in much the same manner. Video journalism makes it possible to document any event while it is still occurring.<ref name="mr">Michael Rosenblum: ''Vom Zen des Videojournalismus'', in: Andre Zalbertus/ Rosenblum, Michael: ''Videojournalismus''. Uni Edition, 2003, ISBN 3937151109, S. 17-75</ref>.
A predecessor to video journalism first appeared in the 1960s in the USA, when reporters had to write and shoot their own stories.<ref name="rm1">[http://goa2003.onlinejournalismus.de/forschung/videojournalismus_berufsbild.php Roman Mischel: ''Definition, Geschichte und Gegenwart'', onlinejournalismus.de, 9. Februar 2005 (21. November 2006)]</ref> [[Michael Rosenblum]], a pioneer of video journalism, compared the introduction of [[Professional video camera|video cameras]] to the invention of the portable camera in the 1930s: film spools of plastic made [[photography]] independent from heavy [[Photographic plate|plates]] and tripods. [[DV|digital video technology]] releases TV from heavy cameras, artificial light and studios in much the same manner. Video journalism makes it possible to document any event while it is still occurring.<ref name="mr">Michael Rosenblum: ''Vom Zen des Videojournalismus'', in: Andre Zalbertus/ Rosenblum, Michael: ''Videojournalismus''. Uni Edition, 2003, ISBN 3937151109, S. 17-75</ref>.
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http://www.tvspy.com/nexttv/nexttvcolumn.cfm?t_nexttv_id=480&page=1&t_content_cat_id=20 | title=Democratizing TV: The BBC | accessdate=2007-04-20 | publisher=TVSpy | date=2002-09-17}}</ref>
http://www.tvspy.com/nexttv/nexttvcolumn.cfm?t_nexttv_id=480&page=1&t_content_cat_id=20 | title=Democratizing TV: The BBC | accessdate=2007-04-20 | publisher=TVSpy | date=2002-09-17}}</ref>


Some argue that video journalists are able to get closer to the story avoiding the impersonality that may come with larger crewing. In addition, the dramatically lower costs have made possible the birth of many [[Cinéma vérité|cinéma vérité]]-style documentary films and series. Others see this method of production as a dilution of skills and quality driven by TV management cost cutting incentives.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ojr.org/ojr/wiki/video_journalists/ | title='Video journalists' Inevitable revolution or way to cut TV jobs? | accessdate=2007-02-08 | publisher=Online Journalism Review | date=2005-02-08}}</ref>
Some argue video journalists are able to get closer to the story avoiding the impersonality that may come with larger crewing. In addition, the dramatically lower costs have made possible the birth of many [[Cinéma vérité|cinéma vérité]]-style documentary films and series. Others see this method of production as a dilution of skills and quality driven by TV management cost cutting incentives.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ojr.org/ojr/wiki/video_journalists/ | title='Video journalists' Inevitable revolution or way to cut TV jobs? | accessdate=2007-02-08 | publisher=Online Journalism Review | date=2005-02-08}}</ref>

== Other Names ==
A video journalist is often refered to simply as a "VJ". Other titles for the same or similar job include:

* One Man Band or "OMB"<ref>[http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6546938.html “One Man Band” Video Journalist Model Proliferates]
* Multi-Media Journalist or "MMJ"<ref>[http://www.poynter.org/column.asp?id=2&aid=146372 News Director Gives Backpack Journalism a Try]</ref>
* Backpack Journalist<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/tech/world/iraq/2003-03-25-backpack-journalists_x.htm New technology gives birth to 'backpack journalist']</ref>
* Solo journalist or "SoJo"<ref>[http://hotzone.yahoo.com/meet-kevin Meet Kevin Sites, conflict, war correspondent & solo journalist<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Notes and references==
==Notes and references==

Revision as of 05:48, 11 July 2008

Video journalism is a form of broadcast journalism, where the production of video content in which the journalist shoots, edits and often presents his or her own material.

A predecessor to video journalism first appeared in the 1960s in the USA, when reporters had to write and shoot their own stories.[1] Michael Rosenblum, a pioneer of video journalism, compared the introduction of video cameras to the invention of the portable camera in the 1930s: film spools of plastic made photography independent from heavy plates and tripods. digital video technology releases TV from heavy cameras, artificial light and studios in much the same manner. Video journalism makes it possible to document any event while it is still occurring.[2].

In the early 1990s, the news channel NY1 was the first to hire only video journalists.[3] In the middle of the 1990s, the first German private stations followed the example of NY1, and in 1994, the first public broadcasting station, the local channel Bayerische Rundfunk, followed suit and hired a number of video journalitsts.[1]

In 2001 the BBC started to switch to video journalism in all its regional offices, a process which was organized by Michael Rosenblum.[4]. As of June 2005 the BBC has more than 600 of its staff trained as video journalists.[5] Other broadcasting entities who are employing this method include Voice of America, Video News International and New York 1.[6] Video journalism seems to become more widespread among newspapers as well, with the Washington Post alone employing six video journalists. [7]

The Press Association (UK) is behind a training programme which "converts" regional journalists into video journalists, more than 100 as of March 2007. [8]

In Australia, Network Ten is the only commercial network to employ video journalists. They are based in remote bureaux spread across Queensland: Simon Hooper on the Gold Coast, Nicolas Boot on the Sunshine Coast and Brett Mason in North Queensland.

Pros and cons

A videojournalist in Italy.

Growth in video journalism coincides with changes in video technology and the cost of this technology. As quality cameras and editing systems have become smaller and available at a fraction of their previous costs, the single operator method has spread. [9]

Some argue video journalists are able to get closer to the story avoiding the impersonality that may come with larger crewing. In addition, the dramatically lower costs have made possible the birth of many cinéma vérité-style documentary films and series. Others see this method of production as a dilution of skills and quality driven by TV management cost cutting incentives.[10]

Other Names

A video journalist is often refered to simply as a "VJ". Other titles for the same or similar job include:

  • One Man Band or "OMB"Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
  • Backpack Journalist[11]
  • Solo journalist or "SoJo"[12]

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Roman Mischel: Definition, Geschichte und Gegenwart, onlinejournalismus.de, 9. Februar 2005 (21. November 2006)
  2. ^ Michael Rosenblum: Vom Zen des Videojournalismus, in: Andre Zalbertus/ Rosenblum, Michael: Videojournalismus. Uni Edition, 2003, ISBN 3937151109, S. 17-75
  3. ^ "Station History". TV channel. 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  4. ^ Andre Zalbertus: Vom Abenteuer einer Revolution in Deutschland, in: Andre Zalbertus/ Rosenblum, Michael: Videojournalismus. Uni Edition, 2003, ISBN 3937151109, S. 11-15
  5. ^ "BBC hosts European video journalism conference". British Broadcasting Corporation. 2005-07-01. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
  6. ^ "Video Journalists: More Crews, More Coverage, More Ratings". TVB, Television Broadcast. 2006-09-18. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
  7. ^ "Q&A with Travis Fox, video journalist for washingtonpost.com". USC Annenberg Online Journalism Review. 2006-09-18. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
  8. ^ "In the frame for video journalism". Press Gazette. 2007-04-23. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  9. ^ "Democratizing TV: The BBC". TVSpy. 2002-09-17. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
  10. ^ "'Video journalists' Inevitable revolution or way to cut TV jobs?". Online Journalism Review. 2005-02-08. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
  11. ^ New technology gives birth to 'backpack journalist'
  12. ^ Meet Kevin Sites, conflict, war correspondent & solo journalist
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