Convolvulaceae

Bindweed family
File:Ipomoea imperati1.jpg
Ipomoea imperati
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Solanales
Family:	Convolvulaceae
Type genus
Convolvulus L.
Genera
See text

The Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed or morning glory family, is a group of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous vines, but also trees, shrubs and herbs.

Description

== They can easily be recognized by their funnel-shaped radially symmetrical corolla; the floral formula for the family has 5 sepals, 5 fused petals, 5 epipetalous stamens (stamens fused to the petals), and a 2 part syncarpous and superior gynoecium. The stem of these plants is usually winding, hence its Latin name (convolvere = to wind). The leaves are simple an[[Link title--125.60.209.74 (talk) 06:17, 30 August 2008 (UTC)]]d alternate, without stipules. The fruit can be a capsule, berry, or nut, all containing only two seeds per one locule (one ovule/ovary).

The leaves and starchy tuberous roots of some species are used as foodstuffs (e.g. [[sweet--125.60.209.74 (talk) 06:17, 30 August 2008 (UTC) potato]] and water spinach), and the seeds are exploited for their medicinal value as purgatives. Some species contain ergoline alkaloids that are likely responsible for the use of these species as ingredients in psychedelic drugs (e.g. ololiuhqui). The presence of ergolines in this plant family is apparently due to infection by fungi related to the ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. A recent study of the Convolvulaceae species, Ipomoea asarifolia, and its associated _{fungi showed that the presence of a fungus, identified by DNA sequencing of 18s and}

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|}ITS >Strike-through textsomal DNA]] and phylogenetic analysis to be closely related to fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, was always associated with the presence of ergoline alkaloids in the plant. The identified fungus appears to be a seed-transmitted obligate biotroph growing epiphytically on its host. This finding strongly suggests that the unique presence of ergoline alkaloids in some species of the family Convolvulaceae is due to symbiosis with clavicipitaceous fungi.

Members of the family are well known as showy garden plants (e.g. morning glory) and as troublesome weeds (e.g. bindweed).

Tribes

According to the study of D.F. Austin (see Reference) the family Convolvulaceae can be classified in the following tribes:

• Ericybeae
• Cressea
• Convolvuleae
• Merremioids
• Ipomoeae
• Argyreiae
• Poraneae
• Dichondreae
• Cuscuteae (sometimes classified as a separate family Cuscutaceae).

Genera

Aniseia Argyreia (Hawaiian baby woodrose) Astripomoea Blinkworthia Bonamia Breweria Calycobolus Calystegia (Bindweed, Morning glory) Cardiochlamys Cladistigma Convolvulus (Bindweed, Morning glory) Cordisepalum Cressa Cuscuta (Dodder) Decalobanthus Dichondra Dicranostyles Dinetus Dipteropeltis

Ericybe Evolvulus Falckia Hewittia Hildebrandtia Hyalocystis Ipomoea (Morning glory, Sweet potato) Iseia Itzaea Jacquemontia Lepistemon Lepistemonopsis Lysiostyles Maripa Merremia (Hawaiian woodrose) Metaporana Nephrophyllum Neuropeltis Neuropeltopsis

Odonellia Operculina Paralepistemon Pentacrostigma Polymeria Porana Poranopsis Rapona Rivea (Rivea corymbosa) Sabaudiella Seddera Stictocardia Stylisma Tetralocularia Tridynamia Turbina Wilsonia Xenostegia

References

• Austin, D. F. (1973) The American Erycibeae (Convolvulaceae): Maripa, Dicranostyles, and Lysiostyles I. Systematics. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 306-412.
• Austin, D. F. 1997. Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory Family)
• Convolvulus plant
• Convolvulaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
• Austin, D.F. 2000. Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, Convolvulaceae) in North America—From medicine to menace. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 127:172-177
• Costea, M. 2007-onwards. Digital Atlas of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae)
• Lyons, K.E. 2001. Element stewardship abstract for Convolvulus arvensis L. field bindweed. The Nature Conservancy. [1]
• Calif. Dept. of Food and Agriculture. Undated. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). [2]
• Univ. of Idaho Extension. 1999. Homewise: No matter what we do, our morning glory weeds come back every year. Any advice? Aug. 23. [3]
• Hodges, L. 2003. Bindweed identification and trol options for organic production. NebFacts. Univ. of Nebraska – Lincoln Cooperative Extension. [4]
• Univ. of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2003. Field Bindweed. Pest Notes. Publ. # 7462. [5]
• Washington State Univ. Cooperative Extension. Undated. Hortsense: Weeds: Field bindweed (Wild morningglory): Convolvulus arvensis. [6]
• Sullivan, P. 2004. Field bindweed control alternatives. ATTRA. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. [7]
• Lanini, W. T. Undated. Organic weed management in vineyards. University of California, Davis Cooperative Extension. [8]
• Cox, H.R. 1915. The eradication of bindweed or wild morning-glory. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin 368. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
• Littlefield, J.L. 2004. Bindweeds. In Biological control of invasive plants in the United States, ed. E.M. Coombs et al. Corvallis OR: Oregon State Universityy Press. Pp. 150-157.
• New Mexico State Univ. Cooperative Extension Service. 2004. Managing Aceria malherbae gall mites for control of field bindweed. [9]
• Cox, Caroline. 2005. Coping with field bindweed without using herbicides. Journal of Pesticide Reform 25(1): 6-7

External links

• Convolvulaceae in Topwalks
• Family Convolvulaceae Flowers in Israel