Jump to content

Prostatitis: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Arcadian (talk | contribs)
163,050 edits
from google book search: "Manual of Nephrology: Diagnosis and Therapy", 2008
Arcadian (talk | contribs)
163,050 edits
added 2009 review (pmid 19192937)
Line 75: Line 75:
The conditions are distinguished by the different presentation of pain, [[WBC]]s in the urine, duration of symptoms and [[bacteria]] [[Microbiological culture|cultured]] from the urine. To help express prostatic secretions that may contain WBCs and bacteria, [[prostate massage]] is sometimes used.<ref name="urlProstatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional">{{cite web |url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec17/ch240/ch240c.html |title=Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-04-17}}</ref>
The conditions are distinguished by the different presentation of pain, [[WBC]]s in the urine, duration of symptoms and [[bacteria]] [[Microbiological culture|cultured]] from the urine. To help express prostatic secretions that may contain WBCs and bacteria, [[prostate massage]] is sometimes used.<ref name="urlProstatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional">{{cite web |url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec17/ch240/ch240c.html |title=Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-04-17}}</ref>


In the context of prostatitis, "nonbacterial" refers to a lack of bacteria in the culture, not a lack of bacteria in the prostate. It is believed that some cases may still be due to bacteria.<ref name="RubinStrayer2008">{{cite book|author1=Raphael Rubin|author2=David S. Strayer|author3=Emanuel Rubin|title=Rubin's Pathology: clinicopathologic foundations of medicine|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kD9VZ267wDEC&pg=PA773|accessdate=18 April 2010|year=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781795166|pages=773–}}</ref><ref name="Schrier2008">{{cite book|author=Robert W. Schrier|title=Manual of Nephrology: Diagnosis and Therapy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9T21uBxZjj4C&pg=PA101|accessdate=18 April 2010|date=1 October 2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781796194|pages=101–}}</ref> In many cases, evidence of bacterial infection can be found when testing the DNA in the urine.<ref name="PasrichaWillis2006">{{cite book|author1=Pankaj Jay Pasricha|author2=William D. Willis|author3=G. F. Gebhart|title=Chronic Abdominal and Visceral Pain: Theory and Practice|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pN5EKvauoXAC&pg=PA468|accessdate=18 April 2010|date=2 November 2006|publisher=Informa Health Care|isbn=9780849328978|pages=468–}}</ref><ref name="Feigin2004">{{cite book|author=Ralph D. Feigin|title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=G6k0tpPMRsIC&pg=PA560|accessdate=18 April 2010|year=2004|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780721693293|pages=560–}}</ref> Although some believe that this explains why some benefit from antibiotics even with a "nonbacterial" diagnosis, the significance of such bacteria is dismissed by some.<ref name="pmid12544315">{{cite journal |author=Schaeffer AJ |title=Editorial: Emerging concepts in the management of prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome |journal=J. Urol. |volume=169 |issue=2 |pages=597–8 |year=2003 |month=February |pmid=12544315 |doi=10.1097/01.ju.0000046225.33320.a3 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5347(05)63961-4}}</ref> The term "abacterial" is sometimes used instead of "nonbacterial".<ref name="PetersenSesterhenn2009">{{cite book|author1=Robert O. Petersen|author2=Isabell A. Sesterhenn|author3=Charles J. Davis|title=Urologic Pathology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5ioMBraLRSIC&pg=PA461|accessdate=18 April 2010|year=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781753432|pages=461–}}</ref>
In the context of prostatitis, "nonbacterial" refers to a lack of bacteria in the culture, not a lack of bacteria in the prostate. It is believed that some cases may still be due to bacteria.<ref name="RubinStrayer2008">{{cite book|author1=Raphael Rubin|author2=David S. Strayer|author3=Emanuel Rubin|title=Rubin's Pathology: clinicopathologic foundations of medicine|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kD9VZ267wDEC&pg=PA773|accessdate=18 April 2010|year=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781795166|pages=773–}}</ref><ref name="Schrier2008">{{cite book|author=Robert W. Schrier|title=Manual of Nephrology: Diagnosis and Therapy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9T21uBxZjj4C&pg=PA101|accessdate=18 April 2010|date=1 October 2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781796194|pages=101–}}</ref> In many cases, evidence of bacterial infection can be found when testing the DNA in the urine.<ref name="PasrichaWillis2006">{{cite book|author1=Pankaj Jay Pasricha|author2=William D. Willis|author3=G. F. Gebhart|title=Chronic Abdominal and Visceral Pain: Theory and Practice|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pN5EKvauoXAC&pg=PA468|accessdate=18 April 2010|date=2 November 2006|publisher=Informa Health Care|isbn=9780849328978|pages=468–}}</ref><ref name="Feigin2004">{{cite book|author=Ralph D. Feigin|title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=G6k0tpPMRsIC&pg=PA560|accessdate=18 April 2010|year=2004|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780721693293|pages=560–}}</ref> Although some believe that this explains why some benefit from antibiotics even with a "nonbacterial" diagnosis, the significance of such bacteria is dismissed by some.<ref name="pmid12544315">{{cite journal |author=Schaeffer AJ |title=Editorial: Emerging concepts in the management of prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome |journal=J. Urol. |volume=169 |issue=2 |pages=597–8 |year=2003 |month=February |pmid=12544315 |doi=10.1097/01.ju.0000046225.33320.a3 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5347(05)63961-4}}</ref> A 2009 review recommends the antibiotic [[fluoroquinolone]] as the first line treatment for CP/CPPS.<ref name="pmid19192937">{{cite journal |author=Murphy AB, Macejko A, Taylor A, Nadler RB |title=Chronic prostatitis: management strategies |journal=Drugs |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |year=2009 |pmid=19192937 |doi=10.2165/00003495-200969010-00005 |url=http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?issn=0012-6667&volume=69&issue=1&spage=71}}</ref>The term "abacterial" is sometimes used instead of "nonbacterial".<ref name="PetersenSesterhenn2009">{{cite book|author1=Robert O. Petersen|author2=Isabell A. Sesterhenn|author3=Charles J. Davis|title=Urologic Pathology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5ioMBraLRSIC&pg=PA461|accessdate=18 April 2010|year=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781753432|pages=461–}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 23:34, 18 April 2010

Prostatitis
SpecialtyUrology Edit this on Wikidata

Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, in men. A prostatitis diagnosis is assigned at 8% of all urologist and 1% of all primary care physician visits in the United States.[1]

Classification

The term prostatitis refers, in its strictest sense, to histological (microscopic) inflammation of the tissue of the prostate gland. Like all forms of inflammation, it can be associated with an appropriate response of the body to an infection (which could potentially be treated with antibiotics), but it can also occur in the absence of infection.

Different classification systems have been used:

  • In 1968, Meares and Stamey determined a classification technique based upon the culturing of bacteria.[2]
  • The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) devised a new classification system in 1999.[3][4]
Category Pain? Bacteria? WBCs? NIDDK
(Current) 		Description Meares/Stamey
(Old)
I yes yes yes Acute prostatitis Acute prostatitis is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland that requires urgent medical treatment. Acute bacterial prostatitis
II ± yes yes Chronic bacterial prostatitis Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a relatively rare condition that usually presents as intermittent urinary tract infections. Chronic bacterial prostatitis
IIIa yes no yes Inflammatory Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS), accounting for 90%-95% of prostatitis diagnoses,[5] is also known as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Nonbacterial prostatitis
IIIb yes no no Noninflammatory CPPS Prostatodynia
IV no no yes Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis patients have no history of genitourinary pain complaints, but leukocytosis is noted, usually during evaluation for other conditions. Between 6-19% of men have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms.[6] (none)

The conditions are distinguished by the different presentation of pain, WBCs in the urine, duration of symptoms and bacteria cultured from the urine. To help express prostatic secretions that may contain WBCs and bacteria, prostate massage is sometimes used.[7]

In the context of prostatitis, "nonbacterial" refers to a lack of bacteria in the culture, not a lack of bacteria in the prostate. It is believed that some cases may still be due to bacteria.[8][9] In many cases, evidence of bacterial infection can be found when testing the DNA in the urine.[10][11] Although some believe that this explains why some benefit from antibiotics even with a "nonbacterial" diagnosis, the significance of such bacteria is dismissed by some.[12] A 2009 review recommends the antibiotic fluoroquinolone as the first line treatment for CP/CPPS.[13]The term "abacterial" is sometimes used instead of "nonbacterial".[14]

See also

Template:Wikipedia-Books

References

  1. ^ Collins MM, Stafford RS, O'Leary MP, Barry MJ (1998). "How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits". J. Urol. 159 (4): 1224–8. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63564-X. PMID 9507840.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Meares EM, Stamey TA (1968). "Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis". Invest Urol. 5 (5): 492–518. PMID 4870505. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Krieger JN, Nyberg L, Nickel JC (1999). "NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis". JAMA. 282 (3): 236–7. PMID 10422990. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ J. Curtis Nickel (1999). Textbook of prostatitis. Taylor & Francis. pp. 27–. ISBN 9781901865042. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  5. ^ Habermacher GM, Chason JT, Schaeffer AJ (2006). "Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome". Annu. Rev. Med. 57: 195–206. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.57.011205.135654. PMID 16409145.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Korrovits P, Ausmees K, Mändar R, Punab M (2008). "Prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory (National Institutes of Health Category IV) prostatitis in young men according to semen analysis". Urology. 71 (6): 1010–5. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.082. PMID 18455767. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional". Retrieved 2010-04-17.
  8. ^ Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin (2008). Rubin's Pathology: clinicopathologic foundations of medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 773–. ISBN 9780781795166. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  9. ^ Robert W. Schrier (1 October 2008). Manual of Nephrology: Diagnosis and Therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 101–. ISBN 9780781796194. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  10. ^ Pankaj Jay Pasricha; William D. Willis; G. F. Gebhart (2 November 2006). Chronic Abdominal and Visceral Pain: Theory and Practice. Informa Health Care. pp. 468–. ISBN 9780849328978. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  11. ^ Ralph D. Feigin (2004). Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 560–. ISBN 9780721693293. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  12. ^ Schaeffer AJ (2003). "Editorial: Emerging concepts in the management of prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome". J. Urol. 169 (2): 597–8. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000046225.33320.a3. PMID 12544315. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ^ Murphy AB, Macejko A, Taylor A, Nadler RB (2009). "Chronic prostatitis: management strategies". Drugs. 69 (1): 71–84. doi:10.2165/00003495-200969010-00005. PMID 19192937.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Robert O. Petersen; Isabell A. Sesterhenn; Charles J. Davis (2009). Urologic Pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 461–. ISBN 9780781753432. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prostatitis&oldid=356879076"