Image processing

File:Imagen binaria.jpg

Monochrome black/white image

In electrical engineering and computer science, image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or, a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.

Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible. This article is about general techniques that apply to all of them. The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.

Typical operations

The red, green, and blue color channels of a photograph by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii; the fourth image is a composite

• Euclidean geometry transformations such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation
• Color corrections such as brightness and contrast adjustments, color mapping, color balancing, quantization, or color translation to a different color space
• Digital compositing or optical compositing (combination of two or more images), which is used in film-making to make a "matte"
• Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a raw image format using a Bayer filter pattern
• Image registration, the alignment of two or more images
• Image differencing and morphing
• Image recognition, for example, may extract the text from the image using optical character recognition or checkbox and bubble values using optical mark recognition
• Image segmentation
• High dynamic range imaging by combining multiple images
• Geometric hashing for 2-D object recognition with affine invariance

Applications

Further information: [[:Imaging science]]

• Computer vision
• Optical sorting
• Augmented Reality
• Face detection
• Feature detection
• Lane departure warning system
• Non-photorealistic rendering
• Medical image processing
• Microscope image processing
• Morphological image processing
• Remote sensing
• Exploration geophysics
• Machine vision

See also

• Photo manipulation
• Near sets
• Multidimensional systems
• Comparison of image processing software

Further reading

• Tinku Acharya and Ajoy K. Ray (2005). Image Processing - Principles and Applications. Wiley InterScience.
• Wilhelm Burger and Mark J. Burge (2007). Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java. Springer. ISBN 1846283795 and ISBN 3540309403. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
• R. Fisher, K Dawson-Howe, A. Fitzgibbon, C. Robertson, E. Trucco (2005). Dictionary of Computer Vision and Image Processing. John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-01526-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bernd Jähne (2002). Digital Image Processing. Springer. ISBN 3-540-67754-2.
• Tim Morris (2004). Computer Vision and Image Processing. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-99451-5.
• Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle (1999). Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision. PWS Publishing. ISBN 0-534-95393-X.

External links

• Reproducible Research in Image Processing
• Lectures on Image Processing, by Alan Peters. Vanderbilt University. Updated 15 September 2011.
• EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing — Open Access journal on Image Processing
• Image processing algorithms, implementations and demonstrations
• Computer Vision Online A good source for source codes, software packages, datasets, etc. related to image processing
• Rapidminer Image Processing Extension - tool for image processing and image mining
• open-source image processing library
• IPRG Open group related to image processing research resources