Pa'O people: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Group ofTaung-Thu(Pa-O)villagers.jpg|thumb|left|A group of Pa-Oh villagers in the early 1920s.]] |
[[File:Group ofTaung-Thu(Pa-O)villagers.jpg|thumb|left|A group of Pa-Oh villagers in the early 1920s.]] |
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The '''Pa-Oh''' ({{lang-my|ပအိုဝ့်လူမျိုး}} or {{my|တောင်သူ}} {{IPA-my|pəo̰|}}; [[Shan language|Shan]]: {{my|တွင်ႇသူႇ or ပဢူဝ်း}}; also known as '''Taungthu''' and '''Black Karen''') form an ethnic group in [[Burma]], comprising approximately 600,000. The Pa-Oh form the second largest ethnic group in [[Shan State]], and are classified as part of the "Shan National Race" by the government, although they are believed to be of [[Tibeto-Burman]] stock, and are ethnolinguistically related to the [[Karen people|Karen]]<ref>{{cite web |
The '''Pa-Oh''' ({{lang-my|ပအိုဝ့်လူမျိုး}} or {{my|တောင်သူ}} {{IPA-my|pəo̰|}}; [[Shan language|Shan]]: {{my|တွင်ႇသူႇ or ပဢူဝ်း}}; also known as '''Taungthu''' and '''Black Karen''') form an ethnic group in [[Burma]], comprising approximately 600,000. The Pa-Oh form the second largest ethnic group in [[Shan State]], and are classified as part of the "Shan National Race" by the government, although they are believed to be of [[Tibeto-Burman]] stock, and are ethnolinguistically related to the [[Karen people|Karen]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Gordon, Jr.| first = Raymond G.| year = 2005| url =http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=blk| title = Karen, Pa'o| publisher = Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition.| accessdate =2006-06-11}}</ref>. They populate [[Shan State]], [[Kayin State]], and [[Kayah State]]. The [[Magha Puja|Full Moon of Tabaung]] is celebrated as the [[Pa-O]] National Day, traditionally set on the day of King Suriyachanda’s birth.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=971|title=Pa-O: The Forgotten People|author=Nandar Chann|date=May 2004|work=The Irrawaddy|accessdate=8 March 2012}}</ref> |
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| last = Gordon, Jr.| first = Raymond G.| year = 2005| url =http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=blk| title = Karen, Pa'o| publisher = Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition.| accessdate =2006-06-11}}</ref>. They populate [[Shan State]], [[Kayin State]], and [[Kayah State]]. |
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[[File:Pa-O women selling vegetables, Myanmar.jpg|thumb|Pa-Oh women selling vegetables]] |
[[File:Pa-O women selling vegetables, Myanmar.jpg|thumb|Pa-Oh women selling vegetables]] |
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Revision as of 01:11, 8 March 2012
 A Pa-Oh woman near Kalaw, Southern Shan State | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Myanmar | |
| Languages | |
| Pa-Oh language, Shan | |
| Religion | |
| Theravada Buddhism |
villagers.jpg)
The Pa-Oh (Burmese: ပအိုဝ့်လူမျိုး or တောင်သူ [pəo̰]; Shan: တွင်ႇသူႇ or ပဢူဝ်း; also known as Taungthu and Black Karen) form an ethnic group in Burma, comprising approximately 600,000. The Pa-Oh form the second largest ethnic group in Shan State, and are classified as part of the "Shan National Race" by the government, although they are believed to be of Tibeto-Burman stock, and are ethnolinguistically related to the Karen[1]. They populate Shan State, Kayin State, and Kayah State. The Full Moon of Tabaung is celebrated as the Pa-O National Day, traditionally set on the day of King Suriyachanda’s birth.[2]
The Pa-Oh settled in the Thaton region of present-day Myanmar about 1000 B.C. Historically, the Pa-Oh wore colorful clothing, until King Anawratha defeated the Mon King Makuta, who had established his reign in Thaton. The Pa-Oh were enslaved, and forced to wear indigo-dyed clothing, to signify their status. However, there are regional variations of clothing among the Pa-Oh. Many have adopted Bamar clothing, while men may wear Shan baung-mi (long baggy pants). The majority of Pa-Oh are Buddhists, but a written language was created by Christian missionaries. The Pa-Oh predominantly engage in agriculture, cultivating leaves of the thanapet tree (Cordia dichotoma) and mustard leaves. The Pa-Oh have largely assimilated into Bamar society, adopting many Bamar traditions and wearing Bamar clothing.
Aung Kham Hti, the leader of Pa-Oh National Organization (PNO), Thamanya Sayadaw, a well-known Buddhist monk,[3] and Daw Kyaing Kyaing,[4] Than Shwe's wife, are well-known Pa-Oh.
References
Notes
- ^ Gordon, Jr., Raymond G. (2005). "Karen, Pa'o". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Retrieved 2006-06-11.
- ^ Nandar Chann (May 2004). "Pa-O: The Forgotten People". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ Tosa, Keiko (2009). "The Cult of Thamanya Sayadaw: The Social Dynamism of a Formulating Pilgrimage Site". Asian Ethnology. 68 (2). Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture: 239–264.
- ^ http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=9882
| Kachin (12) | |
|---|---|
| Kayah (9) | |
| Kayin (Karen) (11) | |
| Chin (53) |
|
| Bamar (Burman) (9) | |
| Mon (1) | |
| Rakhine (Arakanese) (7) | |
| Shan (33) | |
| Unrecognised / Others | |
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