Galium: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Hectonichus (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Tortie tude (talk | contribs) format, refs, spp |
||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |
||
|subdivision_ranks = Species |
|subdivision_ranks = Species |
||
|subdivision = |
|subdivision = 600+, see text |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Galium''''' is a large [[genus]] of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]]aceous plants in the family [[Rubiaceae]], |
'''''Galium''''' is a large [[genus]] of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]]aceous plants in the family [[Rubiaceae]], occurring in the [[temperate]] zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as '''bedstraw'''.<ref>[http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=GALIU ''Galium''.] USDA PLANTS.</ref> |
||
|title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref> occurring in the [[temperate]] zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as '''bedstraw'''. This is because they are covered with small hairs that hook and cling like velcro, and in bygone days they were dried and used as straw for stuffing mattresses because their clinginess resisted the tendency of the mattress to become bowl-shaped with use. ''[[Galium aparine]]'' is one of the most common annual weeds along hedgerows in the British Isles. |
|||
The [[ |
The [[Sherardia|field madder]] (''Sherardia arvensis'') is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. ''[[Asperula]]'' is also a closely related genus; some species of ''Galium'' (such as [[Galium odoratum|woodruff]] (''G. odoratum'') are occasionally placed therein. |
||
==Diversity== |
|||
Bedstraws are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species. See [[list of Lepidoptera that feed on Galium]]. |
|||
==Uses== |
|||
Galium, or Ladies' straw, was used as a red dye during Anglo-Saxon times in England. (see Anglo-Saxon Crafts by Kevin Leahy, p75-76) |
|||
==Selected species== |
|||
[[Image:Galium truniacum.jpg|thumb|right|240px|''[[Galium truniacum]]'']] |
[[Image:Galium truniacum.jpg|thumb|right|240px|''[[Galium truniacum]]'']] |
||
There are over 600 species of ''Galium'',<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=113187 ''Galium''.] Flora of China.</ref> with estimates of 629<ref name=WCSP>{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/reportbuilder.do?method=Reset |title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref> to 650<ref>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=11284 ''Galium''.] The Jepson eFlora 2013.</ref> as of 2013. |
|||
{{Commons category|Galium}} |
{{Commons category|Galium}} |
||
{{wikispecies}} |
{{wikispecies}} |
||
Species include:<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&start_taxon_id=113187 ''Galium'' species records.] Flora of China.</ref><ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?4821 GRIN Species Records of ''Galium''.] Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref><ref>[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34796 ''Galium''.] ITIS.</ref> |
|||
<div float="left"> |
<div float="left"> |
||
{{col-begin|width=70%}} |
{{col-begin|width=70%}} |
||
{{col-1-of-2}} |
{{col-1-of-2}} |
||
* ''[[Galium aetnicum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium aetnicum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium album]]'' |
* ''[[Galium album]]'' – upright bedstraw, upright hedge bedstraw, white bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium ambiguum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium ambiguum]]'' – Yolla Bolly bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium andrewsii]]'' |
* ''[[Galium andrewsii]]'' – phloxleaf bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium angulosum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium angulosum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium angustifolium]]'' |
* ''[[Galium angustifolium]]'' – narrowleaf bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium antarcticum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium antarcticum]]'' – Antarctic bedstraw, subantarctic bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium aparine]]'' |
* ''[[Galium aparine]]'' – goose-grass, cleavers, catchweed bedstraw, stickywilly, cleaverwort, scarthgrass, white hedge |
||
* ''[[Galium arenarium]]'' |
* ''[[Galium arenarium]]'' – sand bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium argense]]'' – Argus bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium aristatum]]'' – awned bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium arkansanum]]'' – Arkansas bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium asprellum]]'' – rough bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium australe]]'' |
* ''[[Galium australe]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium azuayicum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium azuayicum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium baldense]]'' |
* ''[[Galium baldense]]'' |
||
* |
*''[[Galium bermudense]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium bifolium]]'' – low mountain bedstraw, twinleaf bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium bolanderi]]'' – Bolander's bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium boreale]]'' – northern bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium brevipes]]'' – limestone swamp bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium buxifolium]]'' – box bedstraw, island bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium californicum]]'' – California bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium canescens]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium catalinense]]'' – Santa Catalina Island bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium chilense]]'' |
|||
* ''[[Galium ciliare]]'' |
* ''[[Galium ciliare]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium circaezans]]'' |
* ''[[Galium circaezans]]'' – licorice bedstraw, woods bedstraw, forest bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium clementis]]'' – Santa Lucia bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium cliftonsmithii]]'' – Santa Barbara bedstraw |
||
*''[[Galium collomiae]]'' – Fossil Hill Creek bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium coloradoense]]'' – Colorado bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium concinnum]]'' – shining bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium constrictum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium constrictum]]'' |
||
* |
*''[[Galium correllii]]'' – cliff bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium debile]]'' |
* ''[[Galium debile]]'' |
||
* |
*''[[Galium desereticum]]'' – desert bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium divaricatum]]'' – Lamarck's bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium ecuadoricum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium ecuadoricum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium elongatum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium elongatum]]'' – great marsh bedstraw |
||
*''[[Galium emeryense]]'' – Emery County bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium fendleri]]'' – Fendler's bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium firmum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium firmum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium flaccidum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium flaccidum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium fleurotii]]'' - Cheddar Bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium fosbergii]]'' |
* ''[[Galium fosbergii]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium gaudichaudii]]'' |
* ''[[Galium gaudichaudii]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium glabrescens]]'' |
* ''[[Galium glabrescens]]'' – Castle Lake bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium glaucum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium glaucum]]'' – glaucous bedstraw, waxy bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium grande]]'' |
* ''[[Galium grande]]'' – San Gabriel bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium grayanum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium grayanum]]'' – Gray's bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium hallii]]'' – Hall's bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium hardhamiae|Galium hardhamae]]'' – Hardham's bedstraw |
||
*''[[Galium hilendiae]]'' – Hilend's bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium humifusum]]'' – spreading bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium hypocarpium]]'' |
|||
* ''[[Galium hypotrichium]]'' – alpine bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium jepsonii]]'' – Jepson's bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium johnstonii]]'' – Johnston's bedstraw |
|||
{{col-2-of-2}} |
{{col-2-of-2}} |
||
* ''[[Galium kamtschaticum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium kamtschaticum]]'' – boreal bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium labradoricum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium labradoricum]]'' – bog bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium lanceolatum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium lanceolatum]]'' – Torrey's wild licorice |
||
* |
*''[[Galium latifolium]]'' – purple bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium lucidum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium lucidum]]'' |
||
* |
*''[[Galium magnifolium]]'' – largeleaf bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium matthewsii]]'' – bushy bedstraw, Matthew bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium mexicanum]]'' – Mexican bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium microphyllum]]'' – bracted bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium migrans]]'' |
* ''[[Galium migrans]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium mollugo]]'' |
* ''[[Galium mollugo]]'' – hedge bedstraw, false baby's breath, white bedstraw, wild madder |
||
* ''[[Galium multiflorum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium multiflorum]]'' – shrubby bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium munzii]]'' – Munz's bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium murale]]'' – yellow wall bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium muricatum]]'' – Humboldt bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium nigroramosum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium nigroramosum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium normanii]]'' |
* ''[[Galium normanii]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium nuttallii]]'' |
* ''[[Galium nuttallii]]'' – climbing bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium obliquum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium obliquum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium obtusum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium obtusum]]'' – blunt-leaf bedstraw, bristly bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium odoratum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium odoratum]]'' – woodruff, sweet woodruff, wild baby's breath |
||
* ''[[Galium oelandicum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium oelandicum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium olympicum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium olympicum]]'' |
||
* |
*''[[Galium oreganum]]'' – Oregon bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium orizabense]]'' – bald bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium palustre]]'' – common marsh bedstraw |
||
* |
*''[[Galium parishii]]'' – Parish's bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium parisiense]]'' – wall bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium pilosum]]'' – hairy bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium porrigens]]'' – graceful bedstraw, climbing bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium proliferum]]'' – limestone bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium pumilum]]'' – slender bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium rotundifolium]]'' |
* ''[[Galium rotundifolium]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium rubioides]]'' |
* ''[[Galium rubioides]]'' – European bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium rubrum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium rubrum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium ruwenzoriense]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium saxatile]]'' – heath bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium serpenticum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium serpenticum]]'' – serpent bedstraw, Intermountain bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium sparsiflorum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium sparsiflorum]]'' – Sequoia bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium spurium]]'' |
* ''[[Galium spurium]]'' – false cleavers |
||
* |
*''[[Galium stellatum]]'' – starry bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium sterneri]]'' – limestone bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium suecicum]]'' – Swedish bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium sylvaticum]]'' – wood bedstraw, scotchmist |
||
* |
*''[[Galium texense]]'' – Texas bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium tinctorium]]'' – stiff marsh bedstraw, dye bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium |
* ''[[Galium tricornutum]]'' – corn cleavers, roughfruit corn bedstraw, three-horn bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium trifidum]]'' – small bedstraw, three-petal bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium triflorum]]'' – sweet-scented bedstraw, fragrant bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium truniacum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium truniacum]]'' |
||
* ''[[Galium uliginosum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium uliginosum]]'' – fen bedstraw |
||
*''[[Galium uncinulatum]]'' – bristly bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium uniflorum]]'' – oneflower bedstraw |
|||
* ''[[Galium valdepilosum]]'' |
* ''[[Galium valdepilosum]]'' |
||
* |
*''[[Galium verrucosum]]'' – warty bedstraw |
||
* ''[[Galium verum]]'' – lady's bedstraw, yellow bedstraw, Yellow Spring bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium virgatum]]'' – southwestern bedstraw, Ozark bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium watsonii]]'' – Watson's bedstraw |
|||
*''[[Galium wrightii]]'' – slenderbranch bedstraw, Wright's bedstraw |
|||
{{col-end}} |
{{col-end}} |
||
</div> |
</div> |
||
==See also== |
|||
*[[list of Lepidoptera that feed on Galium|List of Lepidoptera that feed on ''Galium'']] |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
| Line 131: | Line 160: | ||
*{{cite web |
*{{cite web |
||
| url = http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/25168 |
| url = http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/25168 |
||
| title = Genus |
| title = Genus ''Galium'' |
||
| accessdate = 2008-05-07 |
| accessdate = 2008-05-07 |
||
| author = UniProt |
| author = UniProt |
||
Revision as of 19:43, 19 August 2013
| Galium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Flowers of Galium aparine | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: | |
| Tribe: | |
| Genus: | Galium |
| Species | |
|
600+, see text | |
Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw.[1]
The field madder (Sherardia arvensis) is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. Asperula is also a closely related genus; some species of Galium (such as woodruff (G. odoratum) are occasionally placed therein.
Diversity
There are over 600 species of Galium,[2] with estimates of 629[3] to 650[4] as of 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Galium.
Wikispecies has information related to Galium.
|
|
See also
References
External links
- World Checklist of Rubiaceae
- UniProt. "Genus Galium". Retrieved 2008-05-07.
 | This Rubiaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |