Keytar

A keytar is a relatively lightweight keyboard (with or without a built-in synthesizer) that is supported by a strap around the neck and shoulders, similar to the way a guitar is supported by a strap. Keytars allow players a greater range of movement compared to conventional keyboards, which are placed on stationary stands. The instrument has a musical keyboard for triggering musical notes and sounds. Controls for, but not limited to, pitch bends, vibrato, portamento, and sustain are placed on the instrument's "neck". The term "keytar" is a portmanteau of the words "keyboard" and "guitar". The term "keytar" might be considered slang. This style of keyboard was mostly referred to by manufacturers as a "MIDI Controller", "Remote Keyboard", "Strap-on Keyboard", or variations thereof. The term "keytar" was first used by a major manufacture in 2012, when the Alesis company referred to the "Vortex", the company's first product of this type, as a "USB/MIDI Keytar Controller". To date, the Roland AX-Synth, which incorporates its own synthesis engine, is referred by the manufacturer as a "Shoulder Synthesizer". "Keytar" is often used as a keyword by those selling this type of keyboard on eBay, which may have contributed to the popularity of the term. Keytars may either contain their own synthesis engines, or simply be controllers, triggering notes and other MIDI data on a MIDI capable synthesizer, sound module, computer with synthesis software, or any other MIDI-capable device such as lighting controllers, effects devices and audio consoles, for example.

Korg RK-100 (1984) MIDI remote controller

History

Performance Music Systems Syntar and its inventor, George Mattson. Syntar was the earliest keytar synthesizer product exhibited at 1979 Atlanta NAMM.

In early 1970s, Edgar Winter often performed with keyboards slung around his neck, but they were not technically keytars because they had no "neck"; he actually used an ARP 2600 keyboard and a lightweight Univox electronic piano with shoulder straps added.

In late 1970s and early 1980s, Jan Hammer, the composer best known for his composition and sound design successes for Miami Vice frequently used several keytars including Royalex PROBE which he helped develop. Jan is seen for instance using his PROBE in the music video for the "Miami Vice Theme". Also in the 1980s, Wayne Famous of the band the Producers strapped on a regular Oberheim synthesizer, which caused him to develop back problems.

The earlier keytars commercially released in late 1970s–early 1980s includes:

• Hillwood RockeyBoard RB-1 (synth piano with VCF) designed in 1977 with influence from Edgar Winter,
• PMS Syntar, an early keytar synthesizer designed by George Mattson (Performance Music Systems) and exhibited at 1979 Atlanta NAMM
• Davis Clavitar (controller) used by George Duke and Herbie Hancock in early 1980
• Powell Probe (controller) designed by Roger Powell, and
• Royalex Probe (controller) helped to develop and used by Jan Hammer in early 1980s

etc. (for details, see List of keytars)

Among them, the most widely known earlier keytar may be the "Moog Liberation" released in 1980. Early users included Spyro Gyra keyboardist Tom Schuman, and Devo.

The earliest printed use of the word "keytar" was in 1980, when it appeared in an interview with Jeffrey Abbott(Keytarjeff) by Tom Lounges of Illianabeat magazine (now Midwest BEAT Magazine) who now hosts a weekly interview show featuring legends of the music industry on N.W. Indiana's PBR radio station.

Although Steve Masakowski has been incorrectly credited for many years as the inventor of the keytar, in an interview with Peter Hartlaub of the San Francisco Chronicle on December 11, 2009, he only claimed to have invented an instrument called the Key-tar which was a string based instrument.

The keytar was made popular in the 1980s by glam metal bands, as well as synthpop and New Wave musicians. Changing trends in music diminished the keytar's popularity during the 1990s, continuing on until the late 2000s when a major revival was sparked by artists and groups such as The Black Eyed Peas, Motion City Soundtrack, No Doubt, and Steely Dan. Another instance is in early 2008 with Snoop Dogg's music video for his single "Sensual Seduction," in which he uses a keytar as a throwback to old school bands.

Notable manufacturers of keytar models have included Moog, Roland, Yamaha, Korg and Casio. As of 2013, the Roland AX-Synth, the Roland Lucina and the Alesis Vortex are the only mass-manufactured keytars on the market.

Examples

File:Moog Liberation Brochure.jpg

Moog Liberation (1980)

Yamaha SHS-10

Main article: List of keytars

1980s

The Moog Liberation was released in 1980 by Moog Music. It included two monophonic VCOs and a polyphonic section that could play organ sounds. The neck had spring-loaded wheels for filter cutoff, modulation, and volume as well as a ribbon-controlled pitch bend. The Liberation had a single VCF and two ADS envelope generators.

The Roland SH-101 is a small, 32 key, monophonic analog synthesizer from the early 1980s. It has one oscillator with two waveforms, an 'octave-divided' sub-oscillator, and a low-pass filter/VCF capable of self oscillation. When a shoulder strap is connected to it, and the small handgrip with a pitch bend wheel and a pitch modulation trigger is used, the SH-101 becomes a keytar.

The Yamaha SHS-10 from the late 1980s has a small keyboard with 32 minikeys and a pitch-bend wheel, an internal Frequency modulation (usually referred to as FM) synthesizer offering 25 different voices with 6-note polyphony. Onboard voices include a range of keyboard instruments (pipe organ, piano, electric piano, etc.); strings (violin, guitar, double bass, etc.); and wind and brass (clarinet, flute, trumpet, etc.).

1990s–2000s

Herbie Hancock performing with a Roland AX-7 at the XM Sonic Stage at The Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival

The Roland AX-7, which was manufactured from 2001 to 2007, contains many more advanced features than early keytars. It has 45 velocity sensitive keys (without aftertouch), and a 3-character LED display. Several features aimed towards stage performance are present, such as a pitch bend ribbon, touchpad-like expression bar, sustain switch, and volume control knob, all on the upper neck of the instrument. There is also a proprietary "D-Beam" interface, made up of infrared sensors that detect nearby motion. This interface can be used to trigger and control effects.

In August 2009, Roland released the Roland AX-Synth, a model of keytar that contains its own synthesizer sounds in addition to being a MIDI/USB controller.

In 2010, Roland released the Roland Lucina AX-09. This model does not have a traditional neck, but is still considered a keytar because of it is a strap-on model and is in the AX line, with many identical features to its AX predecessors. It is unique in that it includes an additional, front panel USB port to accommodate a USB flash drive, which may contain MP3, WAV or AIFF files for playback. The Lucina has 150 internal sounds and may also be used as a MIDI/USB controller.

In 2012, Alesis released its first ever keytar and is the first major manufacturer to actually use the term "keytar" in the model name and description. The Alesis Vortex USB/MIDI Keytar Controller is unique in that it includes eight velocity-sensitive drum pads/sample triggers, which enable the performer to create beats or trigger clips, built right into the body of the keytar. It also features a unique "accelerometer", which allows the performer to control MIDI parameters by tilting the neck. Although Alesis claims to have manufactured "the first USB keytar controller", it should be noted that the Roland AX-Synth and the Roland Lucina feature USB connections with the same function and were released three years prior to the Alesis Vortex.

Popularity

Main article: List of keytarists

Matthew Bellamy, lead singer of British band Muse, while playing a custom made keytar during their The Resistance Tour

In music

• Christopher Bowes plays keytar for Scottish pirate metal band, Alestorm.

In music videos

• In Muse's video for "Undisclosed Desires", lead singer Matthew Bellamy plays the keytar throughout.
• In the music video for "Eruption" by German metal band Die Apokalyptischen Reiter, keyboardist Dr. Pest uses a keytar throughout the video.
• In Taylor Swift's video for "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", one of her band members can be seen playing a keytar.
• In Gaijin rock band Area 11's videos for "Euphemia", "Shi no Barado", and "GO!! Fighting Action Power", lead singer Sparkles* is seen playing the keytar in different clips.
• In Vampire Weekend's Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa music video, keyboardist Rostam Batmanglij is shown playing a keytar.

Pop singer Lady Gaga playing the song "Money Honey" on a custom made keytar during her The Monster Ball Tour in 2010

In television programs

• In television, a member of the fictional cover band Jeffster from the NBC television comedy Chuck plays a keytar.
• Demetri Martin, in his appearances in HBO's Flight of the Conchords, plays a keytar which character Murray Hewitt (Rhys Darby) mistakenly refers to as a guit-board.
• In the NBC television comedy Community, Chang plays the Keytar, and is mocked for it.
• In the NBC/Disney Channel television comedy Kids Incorporated, Rahsaan (The Kid), Brian Poth, Challyn, Kenny, Connie, Cory, Leilani, Tiffany, and Anthony played keytars.

In movies

• Also, in the movie Yes Man, the fictional band Munchausen by Proxy performs with a keytar.
• In the movie Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles blow The Shredder away with an amplified keytar.

In cartoons

• The 2012-themed, Occult Comedy anime Occult Academy includes use of a keytar in a critical situation.
• Another appearance was in online Flash cartoon Homestar Runner where in the Strong Bad e-mail "Cheat Day", Bubs played the keytar while Strong Bad was singing.
• In the cartoon and toyline of Transformers Animated, the Decepticon Ratbat transforms from a bat into a keytar, which his master Soundwave can use to create sonic attacks.
• In the cartoon and toyline of Jem, Stormer of the Misfits was a keytarist. Kimber of the Holograms had a keytar in the toyline and subsequent books based on the series because illustrations followed the toy line.
• In the internet band Your Favorite Martian the member Benatar uses a keytar.
• In the cartoon Regular Show in the music video "Party Tonight", Hi Five Ghost has a Keytar
• In the cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants, in the episode "Band Geeks," when SpongeBob was singing "Sweet Victory," Mr. Krabs was seen playing a keytar.
• Randy Cunningham, the main protagonist of the animated series, Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja, plays the keytar.

In video games

Rock Band 3 Wireless Keyboard Controller

• The video game Rock Band 3 features a 25-key MIDI-compatible keytar controller, which in the game's Pro Mode, is played as a real instrument with each note mapping to the appropriate key on the keyboard scale. The game includes many lessons over several difficulty levels, intended to teach a player how to play the keytar in Pro mode, and effectively for real outside of the game.
• In Lollipop Chainsaw the Funk Zombie boss, Josey James, uses a keytar although he only attacks with it on one occasion.
• In Mother 3, Lucas uses a keytar as a combo instrument.

See also

Related technologies

• MIDI
• Guitar synthesizer
• Glock-guitar

Individual models

• Moog Liberation
• Drumitar
• Zendrum

External links

• "About keytars (ショルダーキーボード)". Hatena::Keyword (in Japanese).
  — pictures of almost all keytars