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Jehoiakim was installed as king of Judah by [[pharaoh]] [[Necho II]] in 608 BC, who deposed his younger brother [[Jehoahaz of Judah|Jehoahaz]] after a reign of only three months and took him to Egypt, where he died.<ref name="bibleverse|2|Kings|23:34|NIV"/> Jehoiakim ruled originally as a vassal of the Egyptians, paying a heavy tribute. To raise the money he "taxed the land and exacted the silver and gold from the people of the land [[Progressive tax|according]] to their assessments."<ref>{{bibleverse|2|Kings|23:35|NIV}}</ref>
Jehoiakim was installed as king of Judah by [[pharaoh]] [[Necho II]] in 608 BC, who deposed his younger brother [[Jehoahaz of Judah|Jehoahaz]] after a reign of only three months and took him to Egypt, where he died.<ref name="bibleverse|2|Kings|23:34|NIV"/> Jehoiakim ruled originally as a vassal of the Egyptians, paying a heavy tribute. To raise the money he "taxed the land and exacted the silver and gold from the people of the land [[Progressive tax|according]] to their assessments."<ref>{{bibleverse|2|Kings|23:35|NIV}}</ref>


However, when the Egyptians were defeated by the Babylonians at [[Battle of Carchemish|Carchemish]] in 605 BC, Jehoiakim changed allegiances, paying tribute to [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] of Babylon. "Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, invaded the land and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years."<ref>{{bibleverse|2|Kings|24:1|NIV}}</ref>
However, after the Egyptians were defeated by the Babylonians at [[Battle of Carchemish|Carchemish]] in 605 BC, [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] then besieged Jerusalem. Jehoiakim changed allegiances to avoid the destruction of Jerusalem. He paid tribute from the treasury in Jerusalem, some temple artifacts, and some of the royal family and nobility as hostages.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|1:1-3|NIV}}</ref> "Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, invaded the land and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years."<ref>{{bibleverse|2|Kings|24:1|NIV}}</ref>


After three years, with the Egyptians and Babylonians still at war, he switched back to the Egyptians and ceased paying the tribute to Babylon. In 599 BC, [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] invaded Judah and laid [[Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)|siege to Jerusalem]]. In 598 BC, Jehoiakim died <ref name="Dan Cohn-Sherbok 1996"/> and his body was thrown out of the walls.<ref>Jeremiah 22, 19.</ref> He was succeeded by his son [[Jeconiah]] (also known as Jehoiachin). Jerusalem fell within three months.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="Philip J. King 1993 page 23"/> Jeconiah was deposed by Nebuchadnezzar, who installed [[Zedekiah]], Jehoiakim's younger brother, in his place. Jeconiah, his household, and many of the elite and craftsmen of Judah were [[Babylonian captivity|exiled to Babylon]].<ref>Philip J. King, ''Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion' (Westminster John Knox Press, 1993), page 21.</ref> while Zedekiah was compelled to pay tribute, and continued to be king of the devastated kingdom.
After three years, with the Egyptians and Babylonians still at war, he switched back to the Egyptians and ceased paying the tribute to Babylon. In 599 BC, [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] invaded Judah and again laid [[Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)|siege to Jerusalem]]. In 598 BC, Jehoiakim died <ref name="Dan Cohn-Sherbok 1996"/> and his body was thrown out of the walls.<ref>Jeremiah 22, 19.</ref> He was succeeded by his son [[Jeconiah]] (also known as Jehoiachin). Jerusalem fell within three months.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="Philip J. King 1993 page 23"/> Jeconiah was deposed by Nebuchadnezzar, who installed [[Zedekiah]], Jehoiakim's younger brother, in his place. Jeconiah, his household, and many of the elite and craftsmen of Judah were [[Babylonian captivity|exiled to Babylon]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Philip J. |last = King |title=Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion|publisher| Westminster John Knox Press|year= 1993| page =21|ref=harv}}</ref> while Zedekiah was compelled to pay tribute, and continued to be king of the devastated kingdom.


According to the [[Babylonian Chronicles]],<ref>Geoffrey Wigoder, The Illustrated Dictionary & Concordance of the Bible Pub. by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. (2006)</ref> Jerusalem eventually fell on 2 [[Adar]] (March 16) 597 BC. The Chronicles state:
According to the [[Babylonian Chronicles]],<ref>Geoffrey Wigoder, The Illustrated Dictionary & Concordance of the Bible Pub. by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. (2006)</ref> Jerusalem eventually fell on 2 [[Adar]] (March 16) 597 BC. The Chronicles state:

Revision as of 22:44, 6 January 2014

For other people named Joachim (given name), see Joachim (given name) (disambiguation).

Template:Kings of Judah

Jehoiakim from Guillaume Rouillé's Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum

Jehoiakim (pronounced /dʒ[invalid input: 'i-']ˈhɔɪ.əkɪm/; Hebrew יְהוֹיָקִים "he whom Jehovah has set up", also sometimes spelled Jehoikim (Greek: Ιωακιμ; Latin: Joakim), c. 635-597 BC, was a king of Judah. He was the second son of king Josiah by Zebidah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.[1] His birth name was Eliakim (אֶלְיָקִים Greek: Ελιακιμ; Latin: Eliakim).

On Josiah's death, Jehoiakim's younger brother Jehoahaz (or Shallum) was proclaimed king, but after three months pharaoh Necho II deposed him and replaced him with the eldest son, Eliakim,[2] who adopted the name Jehoiakim and became king at the age of twenty-five.[1] Jehoahaz died in exile in Egypt.[3]

Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and reigned for eleven years to 598 BC [1][4] and was succeeded by his son Jeconiah, (also known as Jehoiachin), who reigned for only three months.[5][6]

Relations with regional powers

Jehoiakim was installed as king of Judah by pharaoh Necho II in 608 BC, who deposed his younger brother Jehoahaz after a reign of only three months and took him to Egypt, where he died.[2] Jehoiakim ruled originally as a vassal of the Egyptians, paying a heavy tribute. To raise the money he "taxed the land and exacted the silver and gold from the people of the land according to their assessments."[7]

However, after the Egyptians were defeated by the Babylonians at Carchemish in 605 BC, Nebuchadnezzar II then besieged Jerusalem. Jehoiakim changed allegiances to avoid the destruction of Jerusalem. He paid tribute from the treasury in Jerusalem, some temple artifacts, and some of the royal family and nobility as hostages.[8] "Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, invaded the land and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years."[9]

After three years, with the Egyptians and Babylonians still at war, he switched back to the Egyptians and ceased paying the tribute to Babylon. In 599 BC, Nebuchadnezzar II invaded Judah and again laid siege to Jerusalem. In 598 BC, Jehoiakim died [4] and his body was thrown out of the walls.[10] He was succeeded by his son Jeconiah (also known as Jehoiachin). Jerusalem fell within three months.[5][6] Jeconiah was deposed by Nebuchadnezzar, who installed Zedekiah, Jehoiakim's younger brother, in his place. Jeconiah, his household, and many of the elite and craftsmen of Judah were exiled to Babylon.[11] while Zedekiah was compelled to pay tribute, and continued to be king of the devastated kingdom.

According to the Babylonian Chronicles,[12] Jerusalem eventually fell on 2 Adar (March 16) 597 BC. The Chronicles state:

The seventh year (of Nebuchadnezzar-599 BC.) in the month Chislev (Nov/Dec) the king of Babylon assembled his army, and after he had invaded the land of Hatti (Syria/Palestine) he laid siege to the city of Judah. On the second day of the month of Adar (16 March) he conquered the city and took the king (Jeconiah) prisoner. He installed in his place a king (Zedekiah) of his own choice, and after he had received rich tribute, he sent (them) forth to Babylon.[13]

History

Jehoiakim is remembered for burning the manuscript of one of the prophecies of Jeremiah.[14] Jeremiah had criticised the king's policies, insisting on repentance and strict adherence to the law. Another prophet, Uriah ben Shemaiah, proclaimed a similar message and was executed on the orders of the king. Jeremiah was spared from this fate, perhaps because he was well-connected.[15]

Jehoiakim
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Judah
609–598 BC 		Succeeded by

Sources

References

  1. ^ a b c 2 Kings 23:36
  2. ^ a b 2 Kings 23:34
  3. ^ Philip J. King, Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion (Westminster John Knox Press, 1993), page 20.
  4. ^ a b Dan Cohn-Sherbok, The Hebrew Bible, Continuum International, 1996, page x. ISBN 0-304-33703-X
  5. ^ a b 2 Chronicles 36:9
  6. ^ a b Philip J. King, Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion (Westminster John Knox Press, 1993), page 23.
  7. ^ 2 Kings 23:35
  8. ^ Daniel 1:1–3
  9. ^ 2 Kings 24:1
  10. ^ Jeremiah 22, 19.
  11. ^ King, Philip J. (1993). Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion. p. 21. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Text "Westminster John Knox Press" ignored (help); Text "publisher" ignored (help)
  12. ^ Geoffrey Wigoder, The Illustrated Dictionary & Concordance of the Bible Pub. by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. (2006)
  13. ^ No 24 WA21946, The Babylonian Chronicles, The British Museum
  14. ^ Jeremiah 36:1–32
  15. ^ James Maxwell Miller, John Haralson Hayes, A History of Ancient Israel and Judah (Westminster John Knox Press, 1986) page 404-405.

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