Pan-Arab colors: Difference between revisions

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The Pan-Arab colors are black, white, green and red. Individually, they have their origins in the flags of prominent empires and dynasties in Arab history. They are combined according to two sub-sets: the Arab Revolt colors, coming from the 1916 Arab Revolt flag, and the Arab Libertation colors, in which green is less significant.

Each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain Arab dynasty, or era.^[2] The black was the color of the banner of Muhammad; white was used by the Umayyad Caliphate; green was used by the Fatimid Caliphate; and red was the flag held by the Khawarij.^[3]

The Arab Revolt colors are used currently in the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, the SADR, and the United Arab Emirates.^[1] The Arab Liberation colors appear in the flags of Egypt, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. Formerly, Pan-Arab colors were shown in the flag of Libya as well as in flags of the short-lived United Arab Republic, Arab Federation and Federation of Arab Republics.^[1]

Current national flags with Pan-Arab colors

Sovereign states

Partially recognized states

Other flags with Pan-Arab colors

Former national flags

Hejaz (1917–1920)
Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24)
Hejaz (1920–1926)
Emirate of Ha'il (1920-1921)
Iraq (1921–1959)
Hejaz (1926–1932)
Syria (1932–1958 and 1961–1963)
Palestine (1948-1959)
Egypt (1952-1958)
Arab Federation (1958)
United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
Iraq (1959–1963)
North Yemen (1962–1990)
Iraq (1963–1991) and Syria (1963–1972)
South Yemen (1967–1990)
Libya (1969–1972)
Federation of Arab Republics (Egypt (1972–1984), Syria (1972–1980), and Libya (1972–1977))
Arab Islamic Republic (1974)
Iraq (1991–2004)
Iraq (2004-2008)

Flags used by political parties and paramilitary organisations

Flag of the Ba'ath Party, also used by Syrian Ba'ath Brigades
Flag of the Syrian Interim Government, also used by the Free Syrian Army
Flag used by Arab separatists and autonomists in Khuzestan, Iran
Flag used by the separatist National Council of Ahwaz in Khuzestan, Iran

Former Arab flags

Rashidun Caliphate
(632–661)
Umayyads
(661–750)
Abbasids
(750–1258)
Fatimids
(909–1171)
Ayyubids
(1171–1341)
Mamluk Sultanate
(1250–1517)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Pan-Arab Colours, crwflags.com
^ Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.
^ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Palestine Facts: The Meaning of the Flag, passia.org

External links

Pan-Arab colors
Evolution of the Arab Flag, by Dr. Mahdi Abdul-Hadi (in Arabic)

[crw-1] Pan-Arab Colours, crwflags.com

[2] Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.

[3] Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Palestine Facts: The Meaning of the Flag, passia.org

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg|thumb|[[Flag of the Arab Revolt]]]]
+[[File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|thumb|[[Flag of the Arab Revolt]]]]
 [[File:Pan Arab Colors.png|thumb|Arab countries and territories using Pan-Arab colors in their flags, shown in green.<ref name="crw">[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/arabcol.html Pan-Arab Colours], crwflags.com</ref>]]
-The '''Pan-Arab colors''' are [[black]], [[white]], [[green]] and [[red]]. Individually, they have their origins in the flags of prominent empires and dynasties in [[Arab World|Arab]] history. They were first combined in the [[flag of the Arab Revolt]] in 1916. They are used currently in the flags of [[Flag of Jordan|Jordan]], [[Flag of Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[Palestinian flag|Palestine]],  [[Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Sahrawi Republic]], [[Flag of Libya|Libya]] and the [[Flag of the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]].<ref name="crw" /> A sub-set of the Pan-Arab colors are the Arab Liberation colors, in which green is less significant. These appear in the flags of [[Flag of Egypt|Egypt]], [[Flag of Iraq|Iraq]], [[Flag of Sudan|Sudan]], [[Flag of Syria|Syria]], and [[Flag of Yemen|Yemen]], and formerly in the flags of the short-lived [[Pan-Arabism|Arab unions]] of the [[United Arab Republic]], the [[Arab Federation]] and the [[Federation of Arab Republics]].<ref name="crw" />
+The '''Pan-Arab colors''' are [[black]], [[white]], [[green]] and [[red]]. Individually, they have their origins in the flags of prominent empires and dynasties in [[Arab World|Arab]] history. They are combined according to two sub-sets: the Arab Revolt colors, coming from the 1916 [[flag of the Arab Revolt|Arab Revolt flag]], and the Arab Libertation colors, in which green is less significant.
-Each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain Arab dynasty, or era.<ref>'''Abū Khaldūn [[Sati' al-Husri]]''', ''The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs'', Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.</ref> The black was the color of the [[Black Standard|banner of Muhammad]], and of the [[Abbasid]] Caliphate; white was used by the [[Umayyad]] Caliphate; green was used by the [[Fatimid]] Caliphate as a reminder of the [[Battle of Badr]] to symbolize their support of [[Ali Bin Abi Talib]]; red was the flag held by the [[Khawarij]],<ref>Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, [http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/meaning_of_flag.htm Palestine Facts: The Meaning of the Flag], passia.org</ref> and then became the symbol of rulers in the [[Maghreb]], and [[Al-Andalus]].
+Each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain Arab dynasty, or era.<ref>'''Abū Khaldūn [[Sati' al-Husri]]''', ''The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs'', Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.</ref>  The black was the color of the [[Black Standard|banner of Muhammad]]; white was used by the [[Umayyad]] Caliphate; green was used by the [[Fatimid]] Caliphate; and red was the flag held by the [[Khawarij]].<ref>Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, [http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/meaning_of_flag.htm Palestine Facts: The Meaning of the Flag], passia.org</ref>
+The Arab Revolt colors are used currently in the flags of [[Flag of Jordan|Jordan]], [[Flag of Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[Palestinian flag|Palestine]],  the [[Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|SADR]], and the [[Flag of the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]].<ref name="crw" /> The Arab Liberation colors appear in the flags of [[Flag of Egypt|Egypt]], [[Flag of Iraq|Iraq]], [[Flag of Sudan|Sudan]], [[Flag of Syria|Syria]], and [[Flag of Yemen|Yemen]]. Formerly, Pan-Arab colors were shown in the flag of Libya as well as in flags of the short-lived [[United Arab Republic]], [[Arab Federation]] and [[Federation of Arab Republics]].<ref name="crw" />
-Other Arab states, while not using all of the Pan-Arab colors, do use some of them in other combinations. For example, the [[flag of Algeria]] uses green, white, and red, but not black.
-==Current flags with Pan-Arab colors==
+==Current national flags with Pan-Arab colors==
 ===Sovereign states===
-<gallery>
+<center><gallery>
 File:Flag of Egypt.svg|<center>[[Flag of Egypt|Egypt]]</center>
 File:Flag of Iraq.svg|<center>[[Flag of Iraq|Iraq]]</center>
 File:Flag of Jordan.svg|<center>[[Flag of Jordan|Jordan]]</center>
 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|<center>[[Flag of Kuwait|Kuwait]]</center>
-File:Flag_of_Libya.svg|<center>[[Flag of Libya|Libya]]</center>
 File:Flag of Sudan.svg|<center>[[Flag of Sudan|Sudan]]</center>
 File:Flag of Syria.svg|<center>[[Flag of Syria|Syria]]</center>
 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|<center>[[Flag of the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]</center>
 File:Flag of Yemen.svg|<center>[[Flag of Yemen|Yemen]]</center>
-</gallery>
+</gallery></center>
 ===Partially recognized states===
-<gallery>
+<center><gallery>
 File:Flag of Palestine.svg|<center>[[Flag of Palestine|Palestine]]</center>
 File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|<center>[[Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]
-</gallery>
+</gallery></center>
+== Other flags with Pan-Arab colors ==
-===Unrecognized territories===
+===Former national flags===
-<gallery>
+<center><gallery>
-File:Flag of Somaliland.svg|<center>[[Flag of Somaliland|Somaliland]]
+File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|<center>[[Hejaz]] (1917–1920)</center>
-</gallery>
-==Former flags with the Pan-Arab colors==
-<gallery>
-File:Egyptian Revolution Flag (1952-1958).jpg|<center>[[Egypt]] (1952–1958)</center>
-File:Flag of Egypt 1972.svg|<center>[[Federation of Arab Republics]] ([[Egypt]] (1972–1984), [[Syria]] (1972–1980), and [[Libya]] (1972–1977))</center>
-File:Flag of Libya (1969–1972).svg|<center>[[Libya]] (1969–1972)</center>
-File:Flag of Iraq 1924.svg|<center>[[Iraq]] (1921–1959)</center>
-File:Flag of the Arab Federation.svg|<center>[[Arab Federation]] (1958)</center>
-File:Flag of Iraq 1959-1963.svg|<center>[[Iraq]] (1959–1963)</center>
-File:Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg|<center> [[Iraq]] (1963–1991) and [[Syria]] (1963–1972)</center>
-File:Flag of Iraq, 1991-2004.svg|<center> [[Iraq]] (1991–2004)
 File:Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg|[[Syria]] (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24)<center>
+File:Flag of Hejaz 1920.svg|<center>[[Hejaz]] (1920–1926)</center>
+File:Flag of Ha'il 1920.svg|<center>[[Emirate of Ha'il]] (1920-1921)</center>
+File:Flag of Iraq 1924.svg|<center>[[Iraq]] (1921–1959)</center>
+File:Flag of Hejaz 1926.svg|<center>[[Hejaz]] (1926–1932)</center>
 File:Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg|<center>[[Syria]] (1932–1958 and 1961–1963)</center>
+File:Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg|<center>[[All-Palestine Government|Palestine]] (1948-1959)</center>
+File:Flag of Egypt (1952-1958).svg|<center>[[Egypt]] (1952-1958)</center>
+File:Flag of the Arab Federation.svg|<center>[[Arab Federation]] (1958)</center>
 File:Flag of United Arab Republic.svg|<center>[[United Arab Republic]] (1958–1961)</center>
+File:Flag of Iraq 1959-1963.svg|<center>[[Iraq]] (1959–1963)</center>
 File:Flag of North Yemen.svg|<center>[[North Yemen]] (1962–1990)</center>
+File:Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg|<center> [[Iraq]] (1963–1991) and [[Syria]] (1963–1972)</center>
 File:Flag of South Yemen.svg|<center>[[South Yemen]] (1967–1990)</center>
+File:Flag of Libya (1969–1972).svg|<center>[[Libya]] (1969–1972)</center>
-File:Drapeau de la République Arabe Islamique (Union tuniso-libyenne).svg|[[Arab Islamic Republic]] (1974)
+File:Flag of Egypt 1972.svg|<center>[[Federation of Arab Republics]] ([[Egypt]] (1972–1984), [[Syria]] (1972–1980), and [[Libya]] (1972–1977))</center>
-File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|[[Hejaz]] (1917–1920)
+File:Drapeau de la République Arabe Islamique (Union tuniso-libyenne).svg|<center>[[Arab Islamic Republic]] (1974)</center>
-File:Flag of Hejaz 1920.svg|[[Hejaz]] (1920–1926)
-File:Flag of Hejaz 1926.svg|[[Hejaz]] (1926–1932)
+File:Flag of Iraq, 1991-2004.svg|<center> [[Iraq]] (1991–2004)</center>
+File:Flag of Iraq (2004-2008).svg|<center>[[Iraq]] (2004-2008)</center>
-</gallery>
+</gallery></center>
+=== Flags used by political parties and paramilitary organisations ===
+<center><gallery>
+File:Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg|<center>Flag of the [[Ba'ath Party]], also used by Syrian [[Ba'ath Brigades]]</center>
+File:Flag of Syria (1932-1958; 1961-1963).svg|<center>Flag of the [[Syrian Interim Government]], also used by the [[Free Syrian Army]]</center>
+File:Flag of Arabistan.svg|<center>Flag used by Arab separatists and autonomists in [[Khuzestan]], [[Iran]]</center>
+File:Flag of Ahwaz.png|<center>Flag used by the separatist [[National Council of Ahwaz]] in [[Khuzestan]], [[Iran]]</center>
+</gallery></center>
 ==Former Arab flags==
@@ Line 58: / Line 64: @@
   ** Turks and Persians are NOT Arabs. Please do not add Turkic or Persian flags. **
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-<gallery>
+<center><gallery>
 File:Black flag.svg|<center>[[Rashidun Caliphate]]<br>(632–661)</center>
 File:Umayyad Flag.svg|<center>[[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyads]]<br>(661–750)</center>
@@ Line 65: / Line 71: @@
 File:Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg|<center>[[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]]<br>(1171–1341)</center>
 File:Mameluke Flag.svg|<center>[[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]]<br>(1250–1517)</center>
-</gallery>
+</gallery></center>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 79: / Line 85: @@
 *[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/arabcol.html Pan-Arab colors]
 *[http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/03.htm Evolution of the Arab Flag], by Dr. Mahdi Abdul-Hadi (in Arabic)
+{{Arab Flags}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Pan-Arab Colors}}