Jump to content

Quiz bowl: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Competitions: accidentally deleted that
Line 85: Line 85:
Some universities hold [[intramural]] tournaments where any team formed from students can play.<ref name="College Quiz Bowl">{{Cite web|url=http://www.naqt.com/college/college-quiz-bowl.html|title=College Quiz Bowl|website=National Academic Quiz Tournaments|accessdate=June 30, 2014}}</ref> On occasion, such tournaments may be open to graduate students and/or campus faculty.{{cn|date=June 2014}} High school-level quiz bowl will occasionally be played in single matches against local schools or over an extended period of time schools within a league or preexisting [[athletic conference]].<ref name="High School Quiz Bowl"/>
Some universities hold [[intramural]] tournaments where any team formed from students can play.<ref name="College Quiz Bowl">{{Cite web|url=http://www.naqt.com/college/college-quiz-bowl.html|title=College Quiz Bowl|website=National Academic Quiz Tournaments|accessdate=June 30, 2014}}</ref> On occasion, such tournaments may be open to graduate students and/or campus faculty.{{cn|date=June 2014}} High school-level quiz bowl will occasionally be played in single matches against local schools or over an extended period of time schools within a league or preexisting [[athletic conference]].<ref name="High School Quiz Bowl"/>


== Gameplay variations ==
Several variations on the game of quiz bowl exist that affect question structure and content, rules of play, and round format.<ref name="PACE rules"/> One standardized format is the pyramidal tossup/bonus format, which is used in ACF (or mACF) and NAQT competitions.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} It has a rigorous emphasis on academics, with very little popular culture.<ref name="brainiac"/> ACF/mACF tossups are written in pyramidal style and are generally much longer than College Bowl and NAQT questions. Games are usually untimed and last until a total of 20 tossups are read.<ref name="brainiac"/> [[NAQT]] is a another common variation on the tossup/bonus format that balances academic rigor with a wider variety of subjects, including popular culture and an increased amount of [[current events]] and [[geography]] content.<ref name="brainiac"/><ref name="college distro"/> Unlike many mACF events, most questions used in this format are written and sold by NAQT themselves.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}} NAQT also uses powers their in tossups, which reward players with 15 points instead of 10 for a tossup answered before a certain point.<ref name="NAQT rules"/><!-- mACF has powers sometimes --> Games played on NAQT rules consist of two nine-minute halves and a total of 24 tossups.<ref name="UoC1">{{cite news|url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/97/970128.quizbowl.shtml|title=University of Chicago Quiz Bowl Team Beats Harvard to Win the First Annual National Academic Quiz Tournament|publisher=''[[University of Chicago]] News Office''|date=January 28, 1997|accessdate=September 15, 2009}}</ref><ref name="PACE rules"/>{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} NAQT tossups are typically shorter than most other pyramidal tossups because of a strict character limit enforced on the questions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naqt.com/jobs.html|title=Quiz Bowl Jobs|website=National Academic Quiz Tournaments|accessdate=July 1, 2014}}</ref>
Several variations on the game of quiz bowl exist that affect question structure and content, rules of play, and round format.<ref name="PACE rules"/> One standardized format is the pyramidal tossup/bonus format, which is used in ACF (or mACF) and NAQT competitions.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} It has a rigorous emphasis on academics, with very little popular culture.<ref name="brainiac"/> ACF/mACF tossups are written in pyramidal style and are generally much longer than College Bowl and NAQT questions. Games are usually untimed and last until a total of 20 tossups are read.<ref name="brainiac"/> [[NAQT]] is a another common variation on the tossup/bonus format that balances academic rigor with a wider variety of subjects, including popular culture and an increased amount of [[current events]] and [[geography]] content.<ref name="brainiac"/><ref name="college distro"/> Unlike many mACF events, most questions used in this format are written and sold by NAQT themselves.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}} NAQT also uses powers their in tossups, which reward players with 15 points instead of 10 for a tossup answered before a certain point.<ref name="NAQT rules"/><!-- mACF has powers sometimes --> Games played on NAQT rules consist of two nine-minute halves and a total of 24 tossups.<ref name="UoC1">{{cite news|url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/97/970128.quizbowl.shtml|title=University of Chicago Quiz Bowl Team Beats Harvard to Win the First Annual National Academic Quiz Tournament|publisher=''[[University of Chicago]] News Office''|date=January 28, 1997|accessdate=September 15, 2009}}</ref><ref name="PACE rules"/>{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} NAQT tossups are typically shorter than most other pyramidal tossups because of a strict character limit enforced on the questions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naqt.com/jobs.html|title=Quiz Bowl Jobs|website=National Academic Quiz Tournaments|accessdate=July 1, 2014}}</ref>
The format used for the now-defunct [[College Bowl]] tournament uses comparatively shorter questions.<ref name="brainiac"/> Gameplay is relatively quick as it is played in eight-minute halves, to a usual total of 22–24 tossups read.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} The Honda Campus All Star Challenge and ''University Challenge'' use similar formats.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}}
Matches played at the National Academic Championship and its affiliated tournaments are split into four quarters, with differing styles of gameplay in each phase.<ref name="Riley"/> Individual formats vary but may include worksheets, lightning rounds, and tossups, with or without accompanying bonuses.{{cn|date=June 2014}}
<!-- Please comment on the talk page before adding more examples on the next two paragraphs -->
In addition, other variants on the above formats that are used at grade school levels include, [[Knowledge Bowl]], [[Ohio]] Academic Competition (OAC), [[Florida]]'s [[Commissioner's Academic Challenge]] (CAC), and various television quiz competitions such as ''It's Academic''.<ref name="High School Quiz Bowl"/> Athletic and activities associations in some US states also organize quiz bowl competitions, including Missouri's [[MSHSAA]], Illinois's [[Illinois High School Association|IHSA]], and Virginia's [[VHSL]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=High School Today|publisher=National Federation of State High School Associations|date=April 2011|accessdate=June 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="High School Quiz Bowl"/>
Various formats have also been developed to test knowledge in specific areas like the [[Bible Bowl|Bible]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=home.biblebowl.net/‎|title=Bible Bowl|website=Bible Bowl|accessdate=July 1, 2014}}</ref> [[Certamen (quiz bowl)|classics]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.njcl.org/pages/Certamen|title=Certamen|website=National Junior Classical League|accesdate=July 1, 2014}}</ref> [[Science Bowl|science]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=science.energy.gov/wdts/nsb/|title=National Science Bowl Homepage|website=Office of Science|publisher=US Department of Energy|accessdate=July 1, 2014}}‎</ref> and [[agricultural science]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://texas4-h.tamu.edu/files/2011/12/publications_projects_quiz_bowl_guide.pdf|website=Texas A&M University|title=Texas 4-H Quiz Bowl Guide|accessdate=July 1, 2014}}</ref> [[DECA (organization)|DECA]] runs quiz bowl events at their competitions that tests knowledge on business and market topics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deca.cccs.edu/quizBowl/STUDYGUIDE.pdf|title=DECA Quiz bowl study guide|website=DECA|website=http://www.deca.org/|accessdate=May 13, 2014}}</ref> Many medical schools use quiz bowl-style competitions as part of their "[[grand rounds]]" specialty training for students and interns.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} [[Gallaudet University]] sponsors a National Academic Bowl for deaf university students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallaudet.edu/academic_bowl.html|title=Academic Bowl|website=Gallaudet University|accessdate=June 13, 2014}}</ref> "Trash" tournaments that focus on pop culture and [[sports]] trivia questions are also held.<ref name="brainiac"/>


=== National tournaments ===
=== National tournaments ===

Revision as of 17:49, 1 July 2014

Quiz bowl
Years activec. 1953–present
GenresQuiz
Players2–10
Playing time~30 minutes (can vary)
Age rangeSchool-aged and up
SkillsKnowledge, learning, recall
Materials requiredLockout buzzer system, questions

Quiz bowl (also known as quizbowl,[1] scholastic bowl, academic bowl, and other names) is a quiz game that tests players on academic subjects. Standardized quiz bowl formats are played by high school and college students throughout the United States and Canada.

The game is typically played with a lockout buzzer system[1] between at least two teams, usually consisting of four or five players each. Players are read questions and try to score points for their team by buzzing first and responding with the correct answer.

Quiz bowl is most commonly played in a tossup/bonus format, which consists of two distinct types of questions. Other formats played, particularly in local competitions, may use slight variations on the above rules.[2]

History

Most forms of modern quiz bowl are modeled after game shows.[3] In particular, a USO activity for US service men during World War II created by Don Reid became the basis for the College Bowl game show.[citation needed] College Bowl started on radio in 1953 and then aired on national television from 1959 to 1970.[4] In 1977, it was revived as an activity on college campuses by College Bowl Company Inc. (CBCI).[5]

In the last century, many other quiz bowl-like game show competitions have been created. The It's Academic television program has been run for high school teams in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area since 1961 and is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest-running quiz program in television history.[6]

In September 1990, the Academic Competition Federation (ACF) was founded as the first major alternative to The College Bowl Company.[7] The College Bowl program abruptly ended in 2008, although the company itself continues to operate several other competitions including the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge (HCASC). National Academic Quiz Tournaments (NAQT) was founded in 1996 and currently holds national competitions and supplies tournament questions for grade school and college teams across North America and other parts of the world.[8][9]

Gameplay

A quiz bowl game at the University of Delaware

During a quiz bowl game, two or more teams of usually four players are read questions by a moderator.[10][citation needed] In most forms of quiz bowl, there are two basic types of questions: tossups and bonuses.[1] Tossups are questions that any individual player can attempt to answer, and players are generally not allowed to confer with each other.[2] Each player will usually have a signaling device, also called a buzzer, to signal in at any time during the question to give an answer.[9] If the answer given is incorrect, then no other member of that team may give an answer. If a tossup is successfully answered, the correctly answering team is given an opportunity to answer a bonus question.[10][11][1] Bonuses are usually worth a total of 30 points, and consist of three individual questions worth ten points each.[2] Team members are generally permitted to confer with each other on these questions.[1][2][12]

Regional or local tournaments may dispose of any number of standard rules entirely.[2] Some may only have tossups and not use bonuses at all.[13] In others, matches consist of two rounds usually similar in the number of questions but differing in the difficulty and in the number of points awarded.[citation needed] Some formats include a lightning round during which a team attempts to answer multiple questions as fast as possible under a given time limit, usually sixty seconds.[14][15]

Match length is determined by either a game clock or the number of questions in a packet.[12][2] In most formats, a game ends once the moderator has finished reading every question in a packet.[2] Tie-breaking procedures may include reading extra tossups until the tie is broken or a multiple-tossup shootout.[12][2][citation needed]

Quiz bowl tests players in a variety of academic subjects, but most prominently literature, science, and, history.[16] Additionally, some quiz bowl events may feature small amounts of popular culture content like sports, popular music, and other non-academic general knowledge subjects, although their inclusion is generally kept to a minimum.[17][18]

Most quiz bowl competitions allow players and coaches to protest the accuracy of an answer given or the decision of a moderator.[2]

Tossups

Pyramidal tossup on trumpets

This instrument plays the opening Promenade in Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, as well as the rising theme C-G-C in the opening of Richard Strauss' Thus Spake Zarathustra. This instrument's tone can be lowered by one-and-a-half steps by pressing either its third or both its first and second (*) valves. For 10 points, name this brass instrument whose timbre is slightly brighter than that of a cornet.
ANSWER: Trumpets

CMST

Two common types of tossups include buzzer-beaters and pyramidal tossups. Buzzer-beaters (also known as speed check, fast-buzz,[citation needed] or quick-recall questions) are relatively short, rarely more than two sentences long, and contain few clues.[19][20] This type of question is written specifically to test quick recall skills of players, and does not discriminate the different levels of knowledge that the players possess.[1] They have virtually disappeared at the college level, although remain present in other formats.[citation needed]

Pyramidal or pyramid-style tossups include multiple clues and are written so that each question starts with more difficult clues and moves toward easier clues.[1] This way the player with the most knowledge of the subject being asked about has the most opportunity to answer first.[21][22][23] This type of toss-up is a common standard for college and high school tournaments.[10][21][citation needed]

In most formats, correctly answering a tossup earns a team 10 points.[11] Extra points, usually for a total of 15 or 20 points, may be awarded if a question is answered prior to a certain clue-providing keyword in the question, an action known as "powering".[9] Teams may also be penalized five points for answering the question incorrectly after interrupting it, also known as "negging".[12] A team that has negged a tossup does not have the chance to answer again.[citation needed] There are usually no further penalties after one team has already negged.[2]

Bonuses

Bonus question on biology

These biological monomers are usually in a zwitterionic form. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this class of molecules that make up proteins, examples of which include tryptophan, alanine, and lysine.
ANSWER: amino acids
[10] During translation, amino acids are polymerized by these complexes, which are formed in the nucleolus.
ANSWER: ribosomes
[10] Some proteins can become infectious agents. This is the name of those misfolded proteins that are responsible for mad cow disease and Kuru.
ANSWER: prions

2011 Collegiate Novice

Bonuses usually have multiple parts that are related by some common thread and may or may not be related to corresponding tossup. A team is usually rewarded with 10 points upon correctly answering each bonus part. Usually, only the team that answered the tossup correctly can answer the bonus questions, though some formats allow the opposing team to answer certain parts of the bonus not correctly answered by the team in control of the bonus, a feature known as a "bounceback".[2] Less-used types of bonus questions include list bonuses, which require players to give their answers from a requested list, and "30-20-10" bonuses, which give a number of discrete clues for a single answer in order of decreasing difficulty, with more points being awarded for giving the correct answer on an earlier clue. The 30-20-10 bonus was officially banned from ACF in 2008[24] and NAQT in 2009.[25]

Preparation

Unlike competitions like Academic Decathlon, there are few published materials that aid students in preparing specifically for quiz bowl competitions.[citation needed] Because questions are generally derived from an unofficial canon of topics, players commonly review question content from older competitions to study for upcoming tournaments.[26] In this vein, NAQT also sells lists of topics that are frequently asked about in their questions.[27] Active participation academic coursework can also serve a means of preparing for quiz bowl.[28] Blind memorization of facts is often considered a bad practice.[29] Players benefit from exposure to a broad range of school and cultural subjects, memorization and study skills, and an improved ability to cooperate and work in teams.[30][31] Team members will often specialize in a few subjects, rather than having one member answer every question[31]

Competitions

Quiz bowl is primarily played at single-day tournaments.[1] Some events have eligibility rules that dictate who may participate, such as allowing only freshman and sophomore players or excluding graduate students from play.[32]

Some universities hold intramural tournaments where any team formed from students can play.[33] On occasion, such tournaments may be open to graduate students and/or campus faculty.[citation needed] High school-level quiz bowl will occasionally be played in single matches against local schools or over an extended period of time schools within a league or preexisting athletic conference.[28]

Gameplay variations

Several variations on the game of quiz bowl exist that affect question structure and content, rules of play, and round format.[2] One standardized format is the pyramidal tossup/bonus format, which is used in ACF (or mACF) and NAQT competitions.[citation needed] It has a rigorous emphasis on academics, with very little popular culture.[9] ACF/mACF tossups are written in pyramidal style and are generally much longer than College Bowl and NAQT questions. Games are usually untimed and last until a total of 20 tossups are read.[9] NAQT is a another common variation on the tossup/bonus format that balances academic rigor with a wider variety of subjects, including popular culture and an increased amount of current events and geography content.[9][16] Unlike many mACF events, most questions used in this format are written and sold by NAQT themselves.[citation needed] NAQT also uses powers their in tossups, which reward players with 15 points instead of 10 for a tossup answered before a certain point.[12] Games played on NAQT rules consist of two nine-minute halves and a total of 24 tossups.[34][2][citation needed] NAQT tossups are typically shorter than most other pyramidal tossups because of a strict character limit enforced on the questions.[35] The format used for the now-defunct College Bowl tournament uses comparatively shorter questions.[9] Gameplay is relatively quick as it is played in eight-minute halves, to a usual total of 22–24 tossups read.[citation needed] The Honda Campus All Star Challenge and University Challenge use similar formats.[citation needed]

Matches played at the National Academic Championship and its affiliated tournaments are split into four quarters, with differing styles of gameplay in each phase.[20] Individual formats vary but may include worksheets, lightning rounds, and tossups, with or without accompanying bonuses.[citation needed] 

In addition, other variants on the above formats that are used at grade school levels include, Knowledge Bowl, Ohio Academic Competition (OAC), Florida's Commissioner's Academic Challenge (CAC), and various television quiz competitions such as It's Academic.[28] Athletic and activities associations in some US states also organize quiz bowl competitions, including Missouri's MSHSAA, Illinois's IHSA, and Virginia's VHSL.[36][28]

Various formats have also been developed to test knowledge in specific areas like the Bible,[37] classics,[38] science,[39] and agricultural science.[40] DECA runs quiz bowl events at their competitions that tests knowledge on business and market topics.[41] Many medical schools use quiz bowl-style competitions as part of their "grand rounds" specialty training for students and interns.[citation needed] Gallaudet University sponsors a National Academic Bowl for deaf university students.[42] "Trash" tournaments that focus on pop culture and sports trivia questions are also held.[9]

National tournaments

There are several collegiate-level national championship tournaments, for which teams usually qualify through regional competitions. These tournaments include:

Several national competitions are conducted in the United States every year for high school students. Compared to at the college level, there are usually many more tournaments at which teams can qualify.[43][44] These include:

Controversies

One contentious issue in quiz bowl is what constitutes "good" quiz bowl.[unbalanced opinion?] Proponents of reform seek to increase the educational value and fairness of quiz bowl while retaining its enjoyment, primarily by using pyramidal questions.[45][46] Many competitions at grade school levels are criticized for their use of speed-check questions, which encourage participants to rely more on their ability to buzz in quickly than on knowledge of the subjects tested.[45] Some tournaments such as College Bowl are criticized for being insufficiently academic, including superfluous clues in their questions, and for recycling questions from previous years.[3][47] The use of "hoses", misleading clues that discourage players from buzzing in too early, is also considered a mark of "bad" quiz bowl.[9][45] The use of mathematical computation problems in tossups is criticized by some for rewarding fast problem solving skills over conceptual knowledge and being non-pyramidal.[48]

Broadcasting

Further information: List of televised academic student quiz programs

Quiz bowl shows have been on television for many years in some areas and usually feature competitors from local high schools.[49] Many of these competitions may have rules and formats that differ slightly from standardized quiz bowl.[50][51]

No form of collegiate-level quiz bowl is broadcast regularly in the United States on a national basis.[citation needed] College Bowl was broadcast on NBC radio from 1953 to 1955. The program moved to television as General Electric College Bowl and was broadcast from 1959 to 1970, first on CBS and later on NBC. College Bowl would return to CBS radio from 1979 to 82, and HCASC was broadcast on BET from 1990 to 1995. The Texaco Star National Academic Championship ran from 1989 to 1991 on Discovery Channel and was hosted by Chip Beall and Mark L. Walberg.[52][53] In 1994, it was syndicated as the Star Challenge and hosted by Mark Wahlberg.[citation needed] University Challenge is licensed from CBCI by Granada TV Ltd. and broadcast in the United Kingdom. Reach for the Top, a Canadian competition with a quiz bowl-like format, has been broadcast on the CBC in the past.

Game show contestants

Quiz bowl has received some media coverage due to the number of highly successful game show contestants with backgrounds in the activity.[54][55] Despite this, many game shows have little resemblance to quiz bowl in both question content and gameplay.[citation needed] NAQT maintains a list of current and former quiz bowl players at any level who have appeared on TV game shows.[56] Several of the top dollar winners in the history of Jeopardy! include former players such as Ken Jennings,[9][57] David Madden,[58] and Brad Rutter.[59]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Jackson, Matt. "What Is Quizbowl? A Primer and FAQ for Newcomers". Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Pinyan, Jon. "Concise Rules of Tossup/Bonus Quizbowl". Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence.
  3. ^ a b Siegel, Alan (May 3, 2012). "The Super Bowl of the Mind". Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  4. ^ Weber, Bruce (April 4, 1999). "Total Recall". The New York Times. Retrieved September 9, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "Hot Fun in the Summertime... on TV, That Is". Game Show News Net. June 24, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ "History of It's Academic". It's Academic - The Official Website. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  7. ^ Jennings, Ken (2006). Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs. Villard. ISBN 978-1-4000-6445-8.,p. 259
  8. ^ Kahn, Joseph P. (February 17, 2009). "Keeping their eyes on the bowl". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 9, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jennings, Ken (2006). Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs. Villard. ISBN 978-1-4000-6445-8., p.29-48
  10. ^ a b c "College Quiz Bowl basics". The Boston Globe. February 17, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ a b "Quiz competition decided". SMU Daily Campus. February 4, 2005. Retrieved September 10, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)[dead link]
  12. ^ a b c d e "Official NAQT Rules". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2014. Cite error: The named reference "NAQT rules" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  13. ^ "Tossup-only scoring rules". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  14. ^ "Official 2013-2014 Rules for The National History Bowl – High School Division" (PDF). The National History Bowl. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  15. ^ "2013-2014 Minnesota High School Quiz Bowl League". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  16. ^ a b "College Distribution". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  17. ^ "National Academic Championship". Questions Unlimited. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  18. ^ "Our Quizbowl Philosophy". High School Academic Pyramid Questions (HSAPQ). Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  19. ^ IHSA Scholastic Bowl Terms and Conditions (PDF). Bloomington, IL: Illinois High School Association (IHSA). 2008. p. 5. Buzzer-beater questions that virtually any team can be expected to answer after hearing only a few words are discouraged.
  20. ^ a b Riley, David (September 2000). "Beta Tournaments Debut" (PDF). Scholastic Visions. 6 (1). Evanston, IL: Illinois Scholastic Bowl Coaches Association (IHSSBCA): 11. Retrieved September 15, 2009. ... similar to the format used at the NAA's National Academic Championship tournaments. Each match will be divided into four quarters, as follows: 1) Ten relatively easy, "buzzer-beater" toss-up questions.[dead link]
  21. ^ a b IHSA Scholastic Bowl Terms and Conditions (PDF). Bloomington, IL: Illinois High School Association (IHSA). 2013. p. 6. For non-computational toss-ups, the preferred style is multi-clue, starting with a more challenging clue and ending with a clue that most teams should reasonably be expected to answer correctly.
  22. ^ Vinokurov, Jerry (September 2009). Greenthal, Jonah (ed.). "How to Write Questions" (PDF). Scholastic Visions. 15 (1). Evanston, IL: Illinois High School Scholastic Bowl Coaches Association: 16–19. Retrieved September 24, 2009.[dead link]
  23. ^ Gauthier, Greg (September 2009). "What's a Good Quizbowl Question?" (PDF). Scholastic Visions. 15 (1). Evanston, IL: Illinois High School Scholastic Bowl Coaches Association: 20–21. Retrieved September 24, 2009.[dead link]
  24. ^ "ACF Packet Submission Guidelines". Academic Competition Federation. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  25. ^ Hoppes, Jeff. "Re: 2009 NAQT HSNCT". hsquizbowl.org.
  26. ^ Dees, Charles. "Tips for Improving". Missouri Quizbowl Alliance. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  27. ^ "Frequency Lists". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  28. ^ a b c d "High School Quiz Bowl". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  29. ^ Burns, Jeff, ed. (2009). "GATA Coaches Manual" (PDF). GATA.
  30. ^ Parke, Dr. Beverly N. (2002). Discovering Programs for Talent Development. Corwin Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-7619-4613-7.
  31. ^ a b "Why Quiz Bowl". Texas Quiz Bowl Alliance. Retrieved June 30, 2014.]
  32. ^ "Official ACF Rules". Academic Competition Federation.
  33. ^ "College Quiz Bowl". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  34. ^ "University of Chicago Quiz Bowl Team Beats Harvard to Win the First Annual National Academic Quiz Tournament". University of Chicago News Office. January 28, 1997. Retrieved September 15, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  35. ^ "Quiz Bowl Jobs". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  36. ^ "High School Today". National Federation of State High School Associations. April 2011. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  37. ^ [home.biblebowl.net/‎ "Bible Bowl"]. Bible Bowl. Retrieved July 1, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  38. ^ "Certamen". National Junior Classical League. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accesdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ [science.energy.gov/wdts/nsb/ "National Science Bowl Homepage"]. Office of Science. US Department of Energy. Retrieved July 1, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)‎
  40. ^ "Texas 4-H Quiz Bowl Guide" (PDF). Texas A&M University. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  41. ^ "DECA Quiz bowl study guide" (PDF). http://www.deca.org/. Retrieved May 13, 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  42. ^ "Academic Bowl". Gallaudet University. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
  43. ^ "2014 HSNCT details". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  44. ^ "2014 NSC: Affiliated Tournaments". Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence.
  45. ^ a b c Eltinge, Stephen. "Quizbowl lexicon". Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  46. ^ "What is quiz bowl". Northern California Quiz Bowl Alliance. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  47. ^ Jennings, Ken (2006). Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs. Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6445-7.
  48. ^ "Math Calculation Tossups". High School Academic Pyramid Questions (HSAPQ). Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  49. ^ "WYES The Voice of New Orleans". Inside Northside. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  50. ^ "Quiz Kids Contestant Manual" (PDF). Bay Area Quiz Kids. TV Game Brains. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  51. ^ O'Keefe, Karen (March 7, 2014). "QOHS Academic Club in "It's Academic" Playoffs". The Town Courrier. Gaithersburg, Maryland. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  52. ^ "Episode List: Texaco Star National Academic Championship". TV Tango. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  53. ^ "Overview: Texaco Star National Academic Championship". TV Tango. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  54. ^ Higgins, Chris (2014). "Our Interview With Jeopardy! Champion Arthur Chu". Mental Floss. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  55. ^ "Quiz Bowl prepared contestant for 'Jeopardy!'". Gainsville Times. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  56. ^ "Game Show Appearances". National Academic Quiz Tournaments. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  57. ^ Jones, Tamara (October 5, 2004). "A: Quiz Bowl. Q: What Do Top Game Show Players Prize?". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 9, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
  58. ^ Fran Scavuzzo, Sam. (April 30, 2010). ""'Jeopardy!' Champ Starts History Bowl at RHS"". Ridgewood, NJ: Ridgewood-Glen Rock Patch. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  59. ^ "2008 NATIONAL ACADEMIC CHAMPIONSHIP HIGHLIGHTS". Questions Unlimited. Retrieved 2009-03-22.

Works cited

  • Jennings, Ken (2006). Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs, Villard
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quiz_bowl&oldid=615183002"