Oakley-class lifeboat: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox ship class overview |
{{Infobox ship class overview |
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|Name= |
|Name= |
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|Builders= J.Samuel White |
|Builders= William Osborne<br/>J.Samuel White<br/>Groves and Guttridge |
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|Operators=[[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] |
|Operators=[[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] |
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|Class before= {{Lbb|Watson}} |
|Class before= {{Lbb|Watson}} |
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|Class after= {{Lbb|Rother}}, {{Lbb|Solent}} |
|Class after= {{Lbb|Rother}}, {{Lbb|Solent}} |
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|Subclasses= |
|Subclasses= |
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|Cost= £ |
|Cost= (37ft) £27,000-£38,000, (48ft 6in) £40,000-£72,000 |
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|Built range= 1958–1971 |
|Built range= 1958–1971 |
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|In service range=1958–1993 |
|In service range=1958–1993 |
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|Total ships completed= |
|Total ships completed= (37ft) 26, (48ft 6in) 5 |
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|Total ships retired=31 |
|Total ships retired=31 |
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|Total ships preserved=10 |
|Total ships preserved=10 |
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|Ship beam= {{Convert|11|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}and {{Convert|14|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}} |
|Ship beam= {{Convert|11|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}and {{Convert|14|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship draught={{Convert|3|ft|4|in|abbr=on}}and {{Convert|4|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} |
|Ship draught={{Convert|3|ft|4|in|abbr=on}}and {{Convert|4|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship propulsion=37ft, Two 43hp Perkins P4M/52hp Ford Thorneycroft/Parsons Porbeagle<br/>48ft 6in, Two 110bhp [[L. Gardner and Sons|Gardner]] 6LX |
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|Ship propulsion=Two [[diesel engine]]s (various types) |
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|Ship speed= {{Convert|8|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}} |
|Ship speed= {{Convert|8|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}} |
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|Ship range= |
|Ship range= |
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The '''Oakley class |
The '''Oakley class''' refers to two types of self-righting [[Lifeboat (rescue)|lifeboat]] operated by the [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] around the coasts of the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]] between 1958 and 1993. The 37ft Oakley was designed for carriage launching, while the larger 48ft 6in version was designed for slipway launching or to lie afloat. During their service they saved a combined total of 1,456 lives in 3,734 rescue launches. |
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The class is known by the name of its designer, Richard A. Oakley. |
The class is known by the name of its designer, RNLI naval architect Richard A. Oakley. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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During the first half of the twentieth century the RNLI had equipped its lifeboat stations with motor lifeboats designed by [[Watson class lifeboat|G L Watson]] and, later, [[Barnett class lifeboat|J R Barnett]]. Both these men had designed boats that were generally stable, but unlike the earlier {{Lbb|Peake}} boats, were not self-righting. Part of the problem was that motor lifeboats were much heavier than 'pulling and sailing' boats which could be packed with cork to make them buoyant. Richard Oakley worked out how to use shifting water ballast to create a self-righting motor lifeboat.<ref name="srok1">{{cite book|title=Oakley Class Lifeboats: an Illustrated History of the RNLI's Oakley and Rother Lifeboats |first=Nicholas |last=Leach |location=Stroud |publisher=Tempus |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7524-2784-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Wake-Walker |first= Edward |coauthors= Deane, Heather and Purches, Georgette |title= Lifeboat! Royal National Lifeboat Institution |year= 1989 |publisher= Ian Allan |location= Shepperton |isbn= 0-7110-1835-9 |page= }}</ref> |
During the first half of the twentieth century the RNLI had equipped its lifeboat stations with motor lifeboats designed by [[Watson class lifeboat|G L Watson]] and, later, [[Barnett class lifeboat|J R Barnett]]. Both these men had designed boats that were generally stable, but unlike the earlier {{Lbb|Peake}} boats, were not self-righting. Part of the problem was that motor lifeboats were much heavier than 'pulling and sailing' boats which could be packed with cork to make them buoyant. Richard Oakley worked out how to use shifting water ballast to create a self-righting motor lifeboat.<ref name="srok1">{{cite book|title=Oakley Class Lifeboats: an Illustrated History of the RNLI's Oakley and Rother Lifeboats |first=Nicholas |last=Leach |location=Stroud |publisher=Tempus |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7524-2784-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Wake-Walker |first= Edward |coauthors= Deane, Heather and Purches, Georgette |title= Lifeboat! Royal National Lifeboat Institution |year= 1989 |publisher= Ian Allan |location= Shepperton |isbn= 0-7110-1835-9 |page= }}</ref> |
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Oakley's {{Convert|37|ft|m|sing=on}} prototype was launched in 1958 and placed in service at {{Lbs|Scarborough}}. Production boats started to be built in 1961 and in 1963 the prototype {{Convert|48|ft|6|in|m|sing=on}} boat was launched and sent to {{Lbs|Yarmouth}}. The last {{Lbc|Barnett}} was built in 1960 and the final {{Lbc|Watson}} in 1963, after which Oakleys were the only all-weather lifeboats put into service for the next |
Oakley's {{Convert|37|ft|m|sing=on}} prototype was launched in 1958 and placed in service at {{Lbs|Scarborough}}. Production boats started to be built in 1961 and in 1963 the prototype {{Convert|48|ft|6|in|m|sing=on}} boat was launched and sent to {{Lbs|Yarmouth}}. The last {{Lbc|Barnett}} was built in 1960 and the final {{Lbc|Watson}} in 1963, after which Oakleys were the only all-weather lifeboats put into service for the next four years.<ref name=Handbook>{{cite book |last= Denton |first= Tony |title= Handbook 2009 |year= 2009 |publisher= Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |location= Shrewsbury |pages= 22–27 }}</ref> |
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==Design== |
==Design== |
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| ''J.G. Graves of Sheffield'' |
| ''J.G. Graves of Sheffield'' |
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| 1958 |
| 1958 |
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| 1958–1978<br/>1979-1988<br/>1988-1991<br/>1992-1993 |
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| 1958–1993 |
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| {{Lbs|Scarborough}} |
| {{Lbs|Scarborough}}<br/>Relief fleet<br/>{{Lbs|Clogher Head}}<br/>{{Lbs|Newcastle}} |
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| Preserved at [[Chatham Historic Dockyard]] |
| Preserved at [[Chatham Historic Dockyard]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1961–1990 |
| 1961–1990 |
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| {{Lbs|Sheringham}} |
| {{Lbs|Sheringham}} |
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| Preserved at Sheringham |
| Sold April 1991. Preserved at Sheringham |
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|- |
|- |
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| 961 |
| 961 |
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| ''Calouste Gulbenkian'' |
| ''Calouste Gulbenkian'' |
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| 1961 |
| 1961 |
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| 1962–1969<br/>1970-1990<br/>1990-1991 |
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| 1962–1991 |
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| {{Lbs|Weston Super Mare}}<br/>Relief fleet<br/>{{Lbs|New Quay}} |
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| [[Weston-super-Mare Lifeboat Station|Weston-s-Mare]] |
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| Under restoration at [[Donaghadee]] |
| Sold November 1991. Under restoration at [[Donaghadee]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 966 |
| 966 |
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| 1962–1968<br />1968–1991<br />1991–1993 |
| 1962–1968<br />1968–1991<br />1991–1993 |
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| {{Lbs|Boulmer}}<br />{{Lbs|Filey}}<br />Relief fleet |
| {{Lbs|Boulmer}}<br />{{Lbs|Filey}}<br />Relief fleet |
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| Preserved at [[Hartlepool]] |
| Sold April 1993. Preserved at [[Hartlepool]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 972 |
| 972 |
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| ''Fairlight'' |
| ''Fairlight'' |
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| 1964 |
| 1964 |
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| 1964–1988<br />1989–1990<br />1991–1992 |
| 1964–1988<br />1988-1989<br/>1989–1990<br />1991–1992 |
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| {{Lbs|Hastings}}<br />{{Lbs|St Ives}}<br />{{Lbs| |
| {{Lbs|Hastings}}<br />Relief fleet<br/>{{Lbs|St Ives}}<br />{{Lbs|New Quay}} |
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| Pleasure boat at [[Blakeney, Norfolk|Blakeney]] Harbour |
| Sold October 1994. Pleasure boat at [[Blakeney, Norfolk|Blakeney]] Harbour |
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|- |
|- |
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| 974 |
| 974 |
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| ''Jane Hay'' |
| ''Jane Hay'' |
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| 1964 |
| 1964 |
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| 1964–1974<br />1974–1980<br />1980–1992 |
| 1964–1974<br />1974–1980<br />1980–1992 |
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| {{Lbs|St Abbs}}<br />Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Newcastle}} |
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| {{Lbs|St Abbs}}, {{Lbs|Hastings}}<ref name=LIFEGAL1>Lifeboat Gallantry - RNLI Medals and how they were won. Author: Cox, Barry. Publisher:Spink & son Ltd and the RNLI, 1998. Work:DAVY Pete, Hastings Lifeboat: Page 354. mention of the ''Jane Hay (ON 974)'' on relief at Hastings. ISBN 0907605893</ref><br />Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Newcastle}}<br />Stored |
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| Broken up 1995 |
| Broken up at Arklow 1995 |
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|- |
|- |
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| 975 |
| 975 |
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| 1963–1969<br />1969–1972<br />1972–1985<br />1985–1990 |
| 1963–1969<br />1969–1972<br />1972–1985<br />1985–1990 |
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| {{Lbs|Cullercoats}}<br />Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Redcar}}<br />Relief fleet |
| {{Lbs|Cullercoats}}<br />Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Redcar}}<br />Relief fleet |
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| Preserved at [[Redcar]] |
| Sold 1990. Preserved at [[Redcar]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 976 |
| 976 |
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| 1964–1990<br />1990–1992 |
| 1964–1990<br />1990–1992 |
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| {{Lbs|Llandudno}}<br />{{Lbs|Kilmore Quay}} |
| {{Lbs|Llandudno}}<br />{{Lbs|Kilmore Quay}} |
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| Pleasure boat at [[Cobh]] |
| Sold September 1993. Pleasure boat at [[Cobh]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 977 |
| 977 |
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| ''Charles Fred Grantham'' |
| ''Charles Fred Grantham'' |
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| 1964 |
| 1964 |
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| 1964–1990<br |
| 1964–1990<br/>1990–1991<br/>1991-1992 |
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| {{Lbs|Skegness}}<br |
| {{Lbs|Skegness}}<br/>{{Lbs|Scarborough}}<br/>Relief fleet |
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| Broken up 1993 |
| Broken up 1993 |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1964–1969<br />1970–1978<br />1979–1991<br />1991–1993 |
| 1964–1969<br />1970–1978<br />1979–1991<br />1991–1993 |
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| {{Lbs|Caister}}<br />{{Lbs|Runswick}}<br />{{Lbs|Pwllheli}}<br />{{Lbs|Clogher Head}} |
| {{Lbs|Caister}}<br />{{Lbs|Runswick}}<br />{{Lbs|Pwllheli}}<br />{{Lbs|Clogher Head}} |
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| Sold 1994 |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| 979 |
| 979 |
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| 37-12 |
| 37-12 |
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| ''James and Catherine Macfarlane'' (1964-1967<br/>''Amelia'' (1967-1991) |
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| ''Amelia'' |
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| 1964 |
| 1964 |
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| 1964–1978<br />1978–1991 |
| 1964–1978<br />1978–1991 |
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| Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Scarborough}} |
| Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Scarborough}} |
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| |
| Sold February 1992. Preserved at [[Charlestown, Cornwall|Charlestown]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 980 |
| 980 |
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| 1964 |
| 1964 |
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| 1964–1967<br />1967–1988<br />1989–1990 |
| 1964–1967<br />1967–1988<br />1989–1990 |
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| {{Lbs|Cromer}}<br />{{Lbs|Bridlington}}<br />{{Lbs|North Sunderland}} |
| {{Lbs|Cromer}} No.2<br />{{Lbs|Bridlington}}<br />{{Lbs|North Sunderland}} |
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| Children's playground, [[Highbury]], London |
| Children's playground, [[Highbury]], London |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1965–1991<br />1991–1993 |
| 1965–1991<br />1991–1993 |
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| {{Lbs|Anstruther}}<br />Relief fleet |
| {{Lbs|Anstruther}}<br />Relief fleet |
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| Under restoration at Donaghadee |
| Sold 1993. Under restoration at Donaghadee |
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|- |
|- |
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| 984 |
| 984 |
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| 1968–1990 |
| 1968–1990 |
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| {{Lbs|Rhyl}} |
| {{Lbs|Rhyl}} |
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| Under restoration at [[South Ferriby]] |
| Sold December 1991. Under restoration at [[South Ferriby]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 994 |
| 994 |
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| ''The Vincent Nesfield'' |
| ''The Vincent Nesfield'' |
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| 1969 |
| 1969 |
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| 1969–1972<br />1972-1973<br/>1973-1989<br/>1989-1991<br/>1991-1993 |
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| 1969–1988<br />1988–1991 |
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| Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Kilmore Quay}} |
| Relief fleet<br />{{Lbs|Port Erin}}<br/>Relief fleet<br/>{{Lbs|Kilmore Quay}}<br/>Relief fleet |
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| Broken up |
| Broken up by 1995 |
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|- |
|- |
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| 995 |
| 995 |
Revision as of 16:01, 17 September 2014
37-02 Manchester Unity of Oddfellows
| |
Class overview | |
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Builders | list error: <br /> list (help) William Osborne J.Samuel White Groves and Guttridge |
Operators | Royal National Lifeboat Institution |
Preceded by | Watson |
Succeeded by | Rother, Solent |
Cost | (37ft) £27,000-£38,000, (48ft 6in) £40,000-£72,000 |
Built | 1958–1971 |
In service | 1958–1993 |
Completed | (37ft) 26, (48ft 6in) 5 |
Retired | 31 |
Preserved | 10 |
General characteristics | |
Displacement | 30 long tons (30 t) |
Length | 37 ft (11 m)and 48 ft 6 in (14.78 m) |
Beam | 11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)and 14 ft 0 in (4.27 m) |
Draught | 3 ft 4 in (1.02 m)and 4 ft 4 in (1.32 m) |
Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 37ft, Two 43hp Perkins P4M/52hp Ford Thorneycroft/Parsons Porbeagle 48ft 6in, Two 110bhp Gardner 6LX |
Speed | 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h) |
Complement | 7 |
The Oakley class refers to two types of self-righting lifeboat operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution around the coasts of the United Kingdom and Ireland between 1958 and 1993. The 37ft Oakley was designed for carriage launching, while the larger 48ft 6in version was designed for slipway launching or to lie afloat. During their service they saved a combined total of 1,456 lives in 3,734 rescue launches.
The class is known by the name of its designer, RNLI naval architect Richard A. Oakley.
History
During the first half of the twentieth century the RNLI had equipped its lifeboat stations with motor lifeboats designed by G L Watson and, later, J R Barnett. Both these men had designed boats that were generally stable, but unlike the earlier Peake boats, were not self-righting. Part of the problem was that motor lifeboats were much heavier than 'pulling and sailing' boats which could be packed with cork to make them buoyant. Richard Oakley worked out how to use shifting water ballast to create a self-righting motor lifeboat.[1][2]
Oakley's 37-foot (11 m) prototype was launched in 1958 and placed in service at Scarborough. Production boats started to be built in 1961 and in 1963 the prototype 48-foot-6-inch (14.78 m) boat was launched and sent to Yarmouth. The last Barnett-class was built in 1960 and the final Watson-class in 1963, after which Oakleys were the only all-weather lifeboats put into service for the next four years.[3]
Design
The Oakley was designed as a self-righting boat. The design combined great stability with the ability to self-right in the event of it capsizing. This was achieved by a system of shifting water ballast. The system worked by the lifeboat taking on one and half tons of sea water at launching in to a tank built into the base of the hull. If the lifeboat then reached a crucial point of capsize the ballast water would transfer through valves to a righting tank built into the port side. If the capsize was to the starboard side of the lifeboat, the water shift started when an angle of 165° was reached. This would push the boat into completing a full 360° roll. If the capsize was to the port side, the water transfer started at 110°. In this case the weight of water combined with the weight of machinery aboard the lifeboat usually managed to stop the roll and allow the lifeboat to bounce back to upright.[citation needed] The water was discharged from the tank when the ship was taken out of the sea after each launch. A problem emerged with damp sand left in the tank after the water was drained. This caused a weak electrolytic action that eroded the copper nails which held the wooden hulls together.[4]
The hull of the Oakley class was constructed from two wooden skins with a layer of calico between. After several years it was found that the calico absorbed water which caused softening of the wood around the copper nails. This led to a series of surveys in the late 1980s and the withdrawal of some boats, or replanking of others.[4] The skins were made from diagonally laid African Mahogany planks. The outer one was 0.375 inches (9.5 mm) thick with the inner 0.25 inches (6.4 mm). The keel was iron and weighed 1.154 tons. The hull was divided into eleven watertight compartments.[citation needed]
Two sizes were built. Most boats were 37 feet (11 m) in length and 11 feet 6 inches (3.51 m) in beam. It displaced 12.05 tons when fully laden with crew and gear. Five larger boats were built that were 48 feet 6 inches (14.78 m) long and 14 feet (4.3 m) wide.
Fleet
37 foot boats
ON | Op. No. | Name | Built | In service | Principal stations | Further use[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
942 | 37-01 | J.G. Graves of Sheffield | 1958 | 1958–1978 1979-1988 1988-1991 1992-1993 |
Scarborough Relief fleet Clogher Head Newcastle |
Preserved at Chatham Historic Dockyard |
960 | 37-02 | Manchester Unity of Oddfellows | 1961 | 1961–1990 | Sheringham | Sold April 1991. Preserved at Sheringham |
961 | 37-03 | Calouste Gulbenkian | 1961 | 1962–1969 1970-1990 1990-1991 |
Weston Super Mare Relief fleet New Quay |
Sold November 1991. Under restoration at Donaghadee |
966 | 37-04 | Robert and Dorothy Hardcastle | 1962 | 1962–1968 1968–1991 1991–1993 |
Boulmer Filey Relief fleet |
Sold April 1993. Preserved at Hartlepool |
972 | 37-05 | The Will and Fanny Kirby | 1963 | 1963–1979 1979–1983 1983–1993 |
Seaham Relief fleet Flamborough |
Preserved at Chatham Historic Dockyard |
973 | 37-06 | Fairlight | 1964 | 1964–1988 1988-1989 1989–1990 1991–1992 |
Hastings Relief fleet St Ives New Quay |
Sold October 1994. Pleasure boat at Blakeney Harbour |
974 | 37-07 | Jane Hay | 1964 | 1964–1974 1974–1980 1980–1992 |
St Abbs Relief fleet Newcastle |
Broken up at Arklow 1995 |
975 | 37-08 | Sir James Knott | 1963 | 1963–1969 1969–1972 1972–1985 1985–1990 |
Cullercoats Relief fleet Redcar Relief fleet |
Sold 1990. Preserved at Redcar |
976 | 37-09 | Lilly Wainwright | 1964 | 1964–1990 1990–1992 |
Llandudno Kilmore Quay |
Sold September 1993. Pleasure boat at Cobh |
977 | 37-10 | Charles Fred Grantham | 1964 | 1964–1990 1990–1991 1991-1992 |
Skegness Scarborough Relief fleet |
Broken up 1993 |
978 | 37-11 | The Royal Thames | 1964 | 1964–1969 1970–1978 1979–1991 1991–1993 |
Caister Runswick Pwllheli Clogher Head |
Sold 1994 |
979 | 37-12 | James and Catherine Macfarlane (1964-1967 Amelia (1967-1991) |
1964 | 1964–1978 1978–1991 |
Relief fleet Scarborough |
Sold February 1992. Preserved at Charlestown |
980 | 37-13 | William Henry and Mary King | 1964 | 1964–1967 1967–1988 1989–1990 |
Cromer No.2 Bridlington North Sunderland |
Children's playground, Highbury, London |
981 | 37-14 | Mary Pullman | 1964 | 1965–1989 | Kirkcudbright | Hull on display at Spalding |
982 | 37-15 | Ernest Tom Nethercoat | 1965 | 1965–1990 1990–1991 |
Wells North Sunderland |
Under restoration |
983 | 37-16 | The Doctors | 1965 | 1965–1991 1991–1993 |
Anstruther Relief fleet |
Sold 1993. Under restoration at Donaghadee |
984 | 37-17 | Mary Joicey | 1966 | 1966–1981 1981–1989 |
Newbiggin Relief fleet |
Under restoration for display at Newbiggin |
985 | 37-18 | Valentine Wyndham-Quin | 1967 | 1968–1984 1984–1988 |
Clacton-on-Sea Clogher Head |
Preserved at Harwich |
986 | 37-19 | Lloyds II | 1966 | 1966–1990 1990–1992 |
Ilfracombe Sheringham |
Broken up 1993 |
991 | 37-20 | Edward and Mary Lester | 1967 | 1967–1989 | North Sunderland | Broken up 1989 |
992 | 37-21 | Frank Penfold Marshall | 1968 | 1968–1989 | St Ives | Broken up 1989 |
993 | 37-22 | Har Lil | 1968 | 1968–1990 | Rhyl | Sold December 1991. Under restoration at South Ferriby |
994 | 37-23 | The Vincent Nesfield | 1969 | 1969–1972 1972-1973 1973-1989 1989-1991 1991-1993 |
Relief fleet Port Erin Relief fleet Kilmore Quay Relief fleet |
Broken up by 1995 |
995 | 37-24 | James Ball Ritchie | 1970 | 1970–1991 | Ramsey | Broken up 1992 |
996 | 37-25 | Birds Eye | 1970 | 1970–1990 | New Quay | Preserved at Moelfre |
997 | 37-26 | Lady Murphy | 1971 | 1972–1988 | Kilmore Quay | Broken up 1995 |
48 foot 6 inch boats
ON | Op. No. | Name | Built | In service | Principal stations | Further use[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
968 | 48-01 | The Earl and Countess Howe | 1963 | 1963–1977 1977–1984 |
Yarmouth Walton and Frinton |
Broken up 2003 |
989 | 48-02 | James and Catherine Macfarlane | 1967 | 1967–1983 1983–1987 |
Padstow The Lizard |
Preserved at Land's End |
990 | 48-03 | Ruby and Arthur Reed | 1966 | 1967–1984 1985–1988 |
Cromer St Davids |
Preserved at Hythe |
1015 | 48-12 | Charles Henry | 1968 | 1969–1984 1984–1987 |
Selsey Baltimore |
Pleasure boat at Exeter |
1016 | 48-13 | Princess Marina | 1970 | 1970–1988 | Wick | Broken up 2003 |
References
- ^ Leach, Nicholas (2003). Oakley Class Lifeboats: an Illustrated History of the RNLI's Oakley and Rother Lifeboats. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-2784-3.
- ^ Wake-Walker, Edward (1989). Lifeboat! Royal National Lifeboat Institution. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1835-9.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Denton, Tony (2009). Handbook 2009. Shrewsbury: Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society. pp. 22–27.
- ^ a b Kipling, Ray; Kipling, Susannah (2006). Never Turn Back. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. pp. 87–88. ISBN 0-7509-4307-6.