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| area = 59.4
| area = 59.4
| elevation = 702|elevation_description=
| elevation = 702|elevation_description=
| population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0957}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}
| population = 5028 | populationof = Dec 2012| popofyear = 2012
| website = www.sumiswald.ch
| website = www.sumiswald.ch
| mayor = Roland Holzer|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor = Roland Holzer |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
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'''Sumiswald''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Districts of Switzerland|district]] of the [[Emmental (administrative district)|Emmental administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]], [[Switzerland]].
'''Sumiswald''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Districts of Switzerland|district]] of the [[Emmental (administrative district)|Emmental administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]], [[Switzerland]].


==Geography==
== History ==
[[File:SchlossSumiswald.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sumiswald Castle]], former home of Teutonic Knights' commandery]]
Sumiswald has an area, {{as of|2009|lc=on}}, of {{convert|59.34|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of this area, {{convert|28.44|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 47.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|27.45|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 46.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|3.05|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 5.1% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 0.6% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.06|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.1% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref>
[[File:Sumiswald-Kirche.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Sumiswald village church, built in 1510-12]]
Sumiswald is first mentioned in 1225 as ''Smoldeswalt''.<ref name=HDS/> The name either comes from the Germanic settler "Suomolt", the [[Latin]] term ''summa vallis'' ("bank over the valley") or the designation "Zum Oswald" ("to Oswald"), because in the [[Middle Ages]] there was a chapel in Sumiswald dedicated to [[Oswald of Northumbria]].


The area was probably settled during the [[Middle Ages]], when several castles were built. From 1225, Sumiswald was a [[Commandery (feudalism)|commandery]] of the [[Teutonic Knights]] of the "Ballei" [[Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy]]. In 1525, the town bought its way out of [[serfdom]], but stayed a part of the Teutonic Knights even after the [[Protestant Reformation]] was introduced in 1528; Sumiswald was sold to the city of [[Bern]] for 36,000 Reichs [[thaler]] in 1698.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. 43.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.3% is used for growing crops and 25.0% is pastures and 10.9% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams.<ref name=BFS_land/>


The village Church of St. Mary was first mentioned in 1225 along with the village. The old church was replaced with a new building in 1510-12. When [[Bern]] adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation, the village converted and the municipality acquired the [[Jus patronatus|patronage rights]] over the church.<ref name=HDS/>
Sumiswald consists of three localities (Sumiswald, Grünen and Wasen) in the lower [[Emmental]]. It is one of the largest municipalities in the canton with an area of 5933 ha. The town has a population of around 5,000.


[[Hans Haslibacher]], who was [[decapitation|decapitated]] on October 20, 1571 in Bern because of his [[Anabaptist]] conviction came from Sumiswald; his decapitation was the last execution of an Anabaptist in Bern.
== History ==
The name Sumiswald is first mentioned in 1130. The name either comes from the Germanic settler "Suomolt", the [[Latin]] term ''summa vallis'' ("bank over the valley") or the designation "Zum Oswald" ("to Oswald"), because in the [[Middle Ages]] there was a chapel in Sumiswald dedicated to [[Oswald of Northumbria]].


The village was surrounded by a number of alpine meadows and [[Alpine transhumance|seasonal alpine herding]] was an important part of the local economy. The first contracts governing ownership and access to the meadows are from 1498. In the following century many of the high forests were cleared to provide additional meadows for grazing. In 1572 the municipality passed laws to limit further clearing to prevent total deforestation. The settlements of Wasen, Ey and Grünen all developed out of small seasonal herding camps. In the following centuries ownership of the fields in the valley and the alpine meadows became firmly entrenched, creating a class of wealthy landowners and a class of poor artisans, day laborers and [[sharecroppers]]. The poor were forced to begin [[Putting-out system|small scale]] spinning and weaving to supplement their income. By the 18th century, Sumiswald, was a local center of the yarn and cloth trade as well as horse breeding and cheese production. It attempted to became a [[market town]], but other surrounding market towns blocked the attempt five times in the 18th century. Finally in 1801 Sumiswald was granted the right to hold five yearly fairs.<ref name=HDS/>
From 1225, Sumiswald was a [[Commandery (feudalism)|commandery]] of the [[Teutonic Knights]] of the "Ballei" [[Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy]]. In 1525, the town bought its way out of [[serfdom]], but stayed a part of the Teutonic Knights even after the [[Protestant Reformation]] was introduced in 1528; Sumiswald was sold to the city of [[Bern]] for 36,000 Reichs [[thaler]] in 1698.


Following the [[French invasion of Switzerland#Collapse|1798 French invasion]], Sumiswald became the capital of the [[Helvetic Republic]] district of Unteremmental. After the collapse of the Republic and 1803 [[Act of Mediation]] it joined the newly created [[Trachselwald District]]. In the 19th century the local yarn and cloth industry declined and was replaced with other industries including manufacturing musical instruments. The construction of the Emmental road in 1875, the Ramsei-Huttwil railroad in 1908 and the Sumiswald-Wasen rail line in 1915 brought new factories and industry to the municipality. Today Sumiswald is a regional cultural and economic center, with workers commuting into the municipality from surrounding villages. There are secondary schools in Sumiswald and Wasen as well as a retirement home and a district hospital.<ref name=HDS/>
[[Hans Haslibacher]], who was [[decapitation|decapitated]] on October 20, 1571 in Bern because of his [[Anabaptist]] conviction came from Sumiswald; his decapitation was the last execution of an Anabaptist in Bern.

==Geography==
[[File:2012-03-04-Trachselwald (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 078.JPG|thumb|Sumiswald, view from the tower of Castle Trachselwald]]
Sumiswald consists of three villages (Sumiswald, Grünen and Wasen), two [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] (Gammenthal and Griesbach) and scattered farm houses and alpine meadows in the lower [[Emmental]]. It is one of the largest municipalities in the canton.

Sumiswald has an area of {{Swiss area|0957|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|0957|QUELLE}}<!--59.34 - 59.38 km2--> As of the 2006 survey, a total of {{convert|28.44|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 47.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|27.45|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 46.3% is forested. Of rest of the municipality {{convert|3.05|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 5.1% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.38|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 0.6% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.06|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.1% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 27 August 2014</ref>

From the same survey, housing and buildings made up 2.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. A total of 43.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.3% is used for growing crops and 25.0% is pasturage and 10.9% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.<ref name=BFS_land/>

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Trachselwald, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Emmental.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{de icon}} accessed 4 April 2011</ref>

==Coat of arms==
The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Per pale Argent a Bar Gules and of the last.''<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be371.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 8 December 2014</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[File:Sumiswald.jpeg|thumb|Sumiswald town, industry and the old castle]]
Sumiswald has a population (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-BE}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-BE|0957}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}} {{as of|2007}}, 6.3% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -6.4%. Most of the population ({{As of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (94.0%), with Albanian being second most common ( 1.4%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 0.9%).
[[File:2012-03-04-Trachselwald (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 093.JPG|thumb|Grünen village, municipality of Sumiswald]]
Sumiswald has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-BE|0957}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}} {{as of|2012}}, 5.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Between the last 2 years (2010-2012) the population changed at a rate of 0.0%. Migration accounted for -0.1%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.4%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 8 December 2014</ref>


Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks [[German language|German]] (4,991 or 94.0%) as their first language, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] is the second most common (74 or 1.4%) and [[Serbo-Croatian]] is the third (48 or 0.9%). There are 17 people who speak [[French language|French]], 17 people who speak [[Italian language|Italian]] and 2 people who speak [[Romansh language|Romansh]].<ref name=STAT2000/>
In the 2007 election the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 45.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (13.4%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS]] (12.6%) and the local small left-wing parties (10.6%).


{{as of|2013}}, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 2,349 Swiss men (46.7% of the population) and 140 (2.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 2,404 Swiss women (47.8%) and 137 (2.7%) non-Swiss women.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand/02.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Gemeinde] accessed 7 October 2014</ref> Of the population in the municipality, 2,532 or about 47.7% were born in Sumiswald and lived there in 2000. There were 1,745 or 32.9% who were born in the same canton, while 410 or 7.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 396 or 7.5% were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/>
The age distribution of the population ({{As of|2000|lc=on}}) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.3%. In Sumiswald about 68.4% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>


{{as of|2012}}, children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 21.6% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 59.0% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.4%.<ref name=SFSO/>
== Attractions ==

{{as of|2000}}, there were 2,300 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 2,453 married individuals, 396 widows or widowers and 158 individuals who are divorced.<ref name=STAT2000>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000] {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 </ref>

{{as of|2010}}, there were 679 households that consist of only one person and 200 households with five or more people.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/04/blank/key/haushaltsgroesse.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Haushaltsgrösse] {{de icon}} accessed 8 May 2013</ref> {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 1,983 apartments (87.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 166 apartments (7.3%) were seasonally occupied and 118 apartments (5.2%) were empty.<ref name=Housing>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen] {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref> {{as of|2012}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 3.2 new units per 1000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/> The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2013|alt=in 2013}}, was 0.7%. In 2012, single family homes made up 34.9% of the total housing in the municipality.<ref>[http://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Anteil Einfamilienhäuser am gesamten Gebäudebestand, 2012] accessed 5 August 2014</ref>

The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|553|Sumiswald}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/news/04/01.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Gemeinde und Haushaltsgrösse] {{de icon}} accessed 12 August 2013</ref>
<timeline>
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id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45
PlotArea = top:20 left:40 bottom:20 right:35
AlignBars = justify
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:5900
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
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ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:240 start:0
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color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center
bar:1764 from:start till:3100 text:"3,100"
bar:1850 from:start till:5564 text:"5,564"
bar:1860 from:start till:5239 text:"5,239"
bar:1870 from:start till:5547 text:"5,547"
bar:1880 from:start till:5870 text:"5,870"
bar:1888 from:start till:5730 text:"5,730"
bar:1900 from:start till:5353 text:"5,353"
bar:1910 from:start till:5595 text:"5,595"
bar:1920 from:start till:5714 text:"5,714"
bar:1930 from:start till:5460 text:"5,460"
bar:1941 from:start till:5638 text:"5,638"
bar:1950 from:start till:5700 text:"5,700"
bar:1960 from:start till:5525 text:"5,525"
bar:1970 from:start till:5334 text:"5,334"
bar:1980 from:start till:5070 text:"5,070"
bar:1990 from:start till:5353 text:"5,353"
bar:2000 from:start till:5307 text:"5,307"
bar:2010 from:start till:4940 text:"4,940"
</timeline>

==Economy==
[[File:2014-Sumiswald-Moser-Baer-AG.jpg|thumb|Moser-Baer clock factory]]
[[File:Sumiswald-Grünen 20090419Y187.jpg|thumb|Sumiswald-Grünen rail station. Sumiswald is a net importer of workers]]
The [[clock]] manufacturer [[Mobatime]] can be found in Sumiswald.

{{as of|2011|In 2011}}, Sumiswald had an unemployment rate of 1.94%. {{as of|2011}}, there were a total of 2,973 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 510 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 185 businesses involved in this sector. The [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employs 1,228 people and there were 93 businesses in this sector. The [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] employs 1,235 people, with 208 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/> There were 2,716 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.6% of the workforce.

{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} there were a total of 2,354 [[full-time equivalent]] jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 319, of which 316 were in agriculture and 2 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,262 of which 1,122 or (88.9%) were in manufacturing and 136 (10.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 773. In the tertiary sector; 185 or 23.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 53 or 6.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 106 or 13.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 15 or 1.9% were in the information industry, 69 or 8.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 30 or 3.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 64 or 8.3% were in education and 129 or 16.7% were in health care.<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3] {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref>

{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 981 workers who commuted into the municipality and 884 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. A total of 1,831 workers (65.1% of the 2,812 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Sumiswald.<ref name=commuter>[http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb] {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010</ref> Of the working population, 7.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.3% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>

In 2013 the average church, local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Sumiswald making 150,000 [[CHF]] was 12.0%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.5%. For comparison, the median rate for all municipalities in the entire canton was 11.7% and 18.1%, while the nationwide median was 10.6% and 17.4% respectively.<ref>[http://www.estv.admin.ch/dokumentation/00075/00076/00720/index.html?lang=de Federal Tax Administration (ESTV) - Steuerbelastung in den Gemeinden 2013] {{de icon}} accessed 4 November 2014. Does not include Federal Taxes.</ref>

In 2011 there were a total of 1,817 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 374 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 8 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 448, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Sumiswald was 113,051 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 136,785 CHF.<ref>[http://www.estv.admin.ch/dokumentation/00075/00076/00701/01362/index.html?lang=de Federal Tax Administration Report Direkte Bundessteuer - Natürliche Personen - Gemeinden - Steuerjahr 2011] {{de icon}} {{fr icon}} accessed 4 November 2014</ref>

In 2011 a total of 2.2% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.<ref>[http://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Bezüger/-innen von Sozialhilfeleistungen (Sozialhilfeempfänger/-innen), 2011] accessed 18 June 2013</ref>

==Heritage sites of national significance==
The Gasthof Bären (Bären Inn), the village [[rectory]] and the [[Swiss Reformed Church|Swiss Reformed]] church are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]]. The entire village of Sumiswald is part of the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html|title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte|year=2009|work=[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html KGS Inventar]|publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection|language=German|accessdate=25 April 2011}}</ref>

===Attractions===
The [[glass]] windows of the church Mariekirche depict benefactors with their [[patron saint]]s.
The [[glass]] windows of the church Mariekirche depict benefactors with their [[patron saint]]s.


Line 55: Line 133:
It is said that all the men in Sumiswald could have taken a seat at the large table in the inn "Bären" after the [[Black Death|plague]] in 1434.
It is said that all the men in Sumiswald could have taken a seat at the large table in the inn "Bären" after the [[Black Death|plague]] in 1434.


<gallery>
== Economy ==
File:Sumiswald Gasthof Baeren-1.jpg|The Gasthof Bären
The [[clock]] manufacturer [[Mobatime]] can be found in Sumiswald.
File:Sumiswald Pfarrhaus-1.jpg|Village rectory
File:Sumiswald Kirche-7.jpg|Village church
File:Sumiswald Kirche-2.jpg|Stained glass window in the church depicting benefactors
File:Sumiswald Kirche-5.jpg|Choir of the Swiss Reformed church
</gallery>

==Politics==
In the 2011 [[Swiss federal election, 2011|federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP)]] which received 36.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland|Conservative Democratic Party (BDP)]] (19.6%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democratic Party (SP)]] (11.8%) and the [[Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland|Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU)]] (7.2%). In the federal election, a total of 1,795 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 44.7%.<ref name=election_2011>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election] {{de icon}} accessed 8 May 2012</ref>

==Religion==
[[File:Kirche, Sumiswald.jpg|thumb|Sumiswald village church]]
From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 4,258 or 80.2% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]], while 227 or 4.3% were [[Roman Catholic]]. Of the rest of the population, there were 35 [[Orthodox Christianity|members of an Orthodox church]] (or about 0.66% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.04% of the population) who belonged to the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland|Christian Catholic Church]], and there were 154 individuals (or about 2.90% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 142 (or about 2.68% of the population) who were [[Muslim]]. There were 2 individuals who were [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], 121 individuals who were [[Hinduism|Hindu]] and 3 individuals who belonged to another church. 159 (or about 3.00% of the population) belonged to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 204 individuals (or about 3.84% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/>

==Education==
[[File:2014-Sumiswald-Primarschulhaus.jpg|thumb|A primary school in Sumiswald]]
In Sumiswald about 54.6% of the population have completed non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]], and 13.8% have completed additional higher education (either [[List of universities in Switzerland|university]] or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/> Of the 447 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 73.8% were Swiss men, 22.6% were Swiss women, 2.5% were non-Swiss men and 1.1% were non-Swiss women.<ref name=STAT2000/>

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory [[Kindergarten]], followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an [[apprenticeship]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |accessdate= 24 June 2010 }}</ref>

During the 2012-13 school year, there were a total of 588 students attending classes in Sumiswald. There were a total of 103 students in the German language kindergarten classes in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 13.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 18.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality's primary school had 294 students in German language classes. Of the primary students, 4.8% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 12.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, the lower secondary school had a total of 191 students. There were 3.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 11.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.<ref name=School>[http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html Datei der Gemeinde- und Schultabellen]{{de icon}} accessed 23 July 2014</ref>

{{as of|2000|In 2000}}, there were a total of 888 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 699 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 189 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 118 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/>


Sumiswald has an unemployment rate of 1.02%. {{As of|2005}}, there were 599 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 206 businesses involved in this sector. 1222 people are employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there are 84 businesses in this sector. 1162 people are employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 146 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 17-Jul-2009</ref>
Sumiswald is home to the ''Schul- und Gemeindebibliothek Sumiswald'' (municipal library of Sumiswald). The library has ({{as of|2008|lc=on}}) 9,171 books or other media, and loaned out 28,437 items in the same year. It was open a total of 166 days with average of 8.5 hours per week during that year.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/02/data.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries] {{de icon}} accessed 14 May 2010</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Bern]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Bern]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Bern]]

Revision as of 13:58, 8 December 2014

Sumiswald
Municipality
Coat of arms of Sumiswald
Coat of arms
Location of Sumiswald
Map
CountrySwitzerland
CantonBern
DistrictEmmental
Government
 • MayorRoland Holzer
Area
[1]
 • Total59.4 km2 (22.9 sq mi)
Elevation
702 m (2,303 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2018)[2]
 • Total5,046
 • Density85/km2 (220/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
3454
SFOS number0957
ISO 3166 codeCH-BE
Surrounded byAffoltern im Emmental, Dürrenroth, Eriswil, Langnau im Emmental, Luthern (LU), Lützelflüh, Rüegsau, Trachselwald, Trub, Wyssachen
Websitewww.sumiswald.ch
SFSO statistics

Sumiswald is a municipality in the district of the Emmental administrative district in the canton of Bern, Switzerland.

History

Sumiswald Castle, former home of Teutonic Knights' commandery
Sumiswald village church, built in 1510-12

Sumiswald is first mentioned in 1225 as Smoldeswalt.[3] The name either comes from the Germanic settler "Suomolt", the Latin term summa vallis ("bank over the valley") or the designation "Zum Oswald" ("to Oswald"), because in the Middle Ages there was a chapel in Sumiswald dedicated to Oswald of Northumbria.

The area was probably settled during the Middle Ages, when several castles were built. From 1225, Sumiswald was a commandery of the Teutonic Knights of the "Ballei" Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy. In 1525, the town bought its way out of serfdom, but stayed a part of the Teutonic Knights even after the Protestant Reformation was introduced in 1528; Sumiswald was sold to the city of Bern for 36,000 Reichs thaler in 1698.

The village Church of St. Mary was first mentioned in 1225 along with the village. The old church was replaced with a new building in 1510-12. When Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation, the village converted and the municipality acquired the patronage rights over the church.[3]

Hans Haslibacher, who was decapitated on October 20, 1571 in Bern because of his Anabaptist conviction came from Sumiswald; his decapitation was the last execution of an Anabaptist in Bern.

The village was surrounded by a number of alpine meadows and seasonal alpine herding was an important part of the local economy. The first contracts governing ownership and access to the meadows are from 1498. In the following century many of the high forests were cleared to provide additional meadows for grazing. In 1572 the municipality passed laws to limit further clearing to prevent total deforestation. The settlements of Wasen, Ey and Grünen all developed out of small seasonal herding camps. In the following centuries ownership of the fields in the valley and the alpine meadows became firmly entrenched, creating a class of wealthy landowners and a class of poor artisans, day laborers and sharecroppers. The poor were forced to begin small scale spinning and weaving to supplement their income. By the 18th century, Sumiswald, was a local center of the yarn and cloth trade as well as horse breeding and cheese production. It attempted to became a market town, but other surrounding market towns blocked the attempt five times in the 18th century. Finally in 1801 Sumiswald was granted the right to hold five yearly fairs.[3]

Following the 1798 French invasion, Sumiswald became the capital of the Helvetic Republic district of Unteremmental. After the collapse of the Republic and 1803 Act of Mediation it joined the newly created Trachselwald District. In the 19th century the local yarn and cloth industry declined and was replaced with other industries including manufacturing musical instruments. The construction of the Emmental road in 1875, the Ramsei-Huttwil railroad in 1908 and the Sumiswald-Wasen rail line in 1915 brought new factories and industry to the municipality. Today Sumiswald is a regional cultural and economic center, with workers commuting into the municipality from surrounding villages. There are secondary schools in Sumiswald and Wasen as well as a retirement home and a district hospital.[3]

Geography

Sumiswald, view from the tower of Castle Trachselwald

Sumiswald consists of three villages (Sumiswald, Grünen and Wasen), two hamlets (Gammenthal and Griesbach) and scattered farm houses and alpine meadows in the lower Emmental. It is one of the largest municipalities in the canton.

Sumiswald has an area of 59.34 km2 (22.91 sq mi).[4] As of the 2006 survey, a total of 28.44 km2 (10.98 sq mi) or 47.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 27.45 km2 (10.60 sq mi) or 46.3% is forested. Of rest of the municipality 3.05 km2 (1.18 sq mi) or 5.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.38 km2 (0.15 sq mi) or 0.6% is either rivers or lakes and 0.06 km2 (15 acres) or 0.1% is unproductive land.[5]

From the same survey, housing and buildings made up 2.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. A total of 43.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.3% is used for growing crops and 25.0% is pasturage and 10.9% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[5]

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Trachselwald, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Emmental.[6]

Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Argent a Bar Gules and of the last.[7]

Demographics

Sumiswald town, industry and the old castle
Grünen village, municipality of Sumiswald

Sumiswald has a population (as of December 2020) of 5,044.[8] As of 2012, 5.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Between the last 2 years (2010-2012) the population changed at a rate of 0.0%. Migration accounted for -0.1%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.4%.[9]

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (4,991 or 94.0%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (74 or 1.4%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (48 or 0.9%). There are 17 people who speak French, 17 people who speak Italian and 2 people who speak Romansh.[10]

As of 2013, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 2,349 Swiss men (46.7% of the population) and 140 (2.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 2,404 Swiss women (47.8%) and 137 (2.7%) non-Swiss women.[11] Of the population in the municipality, 2,532 or about 47.7% were born in Sumiswald and lived there in 2000. There were 1,745 or 32.9% who were born in the same canton, while 410 or 7.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 396 or 7.5% were born outside of Switzerland.[10]

As of 2012, children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 21.6% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 59.0% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.4%.[9]

As of 2000, there were 2,300 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 2,453 married individuals, 396 widows or widowers and 158 individuals who are divorced.[10]

As of 2010, there were 679 households that consist of only one person and 200 households with five or more people.[12] In 2000, a total of 1,983 apartments (87.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 166 apartments (7.3%) were seasonally occupied and 118 apartments (5.2%) were empty.[13] As of 2012, the construction rate of new housing units was 3.2 new units per 1000 residents.[9] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2013, was 0.7%. In 2012, single family homes made up 34.9% of the total housing in the municipality.[14]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[3][15][16]

Economy

Moser-Baer clock factory
Sumiswald-Grünen rail station. Sumiswald is a net importer of workers

The clock manufacturer Mobatime can be found in Sumiswald.

As of  2011, Sumiswald had an unemployment rate of 1.94%. As of 2011, there were a total of 2,973 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 510 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 185 businesses involved in this sector. The secondary sector employs 1,228 people and there were 93 businesses in this sector. The tertiary sector employs 1,235 people, with 208 businesses in this sector.[9] There were 2,716 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.6% of the workforce.

In 2008 there were a total of 2,354 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 319, of which 316 were in agriculture and 2 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,262 of which 1,122 or (88.9%) were in manufacturing and 136 (10.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 773. In the tertiary sector; 185 or 23.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 53 or 6.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 106 or 13.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 15 or 1.9% were in the information industry, 69 or 8.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 30 or 3.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 64 or 8.3% were in education and 129 or 16.7% were in health care.[17]

In 2000, there were 981 workers who commuted into the municipality and 884 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. A total of 1,831 workers (65.1% of the 2,812 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Sumiswald.[18] Of the working population, 7.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.3% used a private car.[9]

In 2013 the average church, local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Sumiswald making 150,000 CHF was 12.0%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.5%. For comparison, the median rate for all municipalities in the entire canton was 11.7% and 18.1%, while the nationwide median was 10.6% and 17.4% respectively.[19]

In 2011 there were a total of 1,817 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 374 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 8 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 448, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Sumiswald was 113,051 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 136,785 CHF.[20]

In 2011 a total of 2.2% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.[21]

Heritage sites of national significance

The Gasthof Bären (Bären Inn), the village rectory and the Swiss Reformed church are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Sumiswald is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[22]

Attractions

The glass windows of the church Mariekirche depict benefactors with their patron saints.

The old Teutonic Knight castle is somewhat outside of Sumiswald. It was endowed in 1225 with the condition that a hospital be housed in it, therefore the castle's name is Spittel.

It is said that all the men in Sumiswald could have taken a seat at the large table in the inn "Bären" after the plague in 1434.

  • The Gasthof Bären
    The Gasthof Bären
  • Village rectory
    Village rectory
  • Village church
    Village church
  • Stained glass window in the church depicting benefactors
    Stained glass window in the church depicting benefactors
  • Choir of the Swiss Reformed church
    Choir of the Swiss Reformed church

Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 36.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (19.6%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (11.8%) and the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (7.2%). In the federal election, a total of 1,795 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.7%.[23]

Religion

Sumiswald village church

From the 2000 census, 4,258 or 80.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 227 or 4.3% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 35 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.66% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.04% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 154 individuals (or about 2.90% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 142 (or about 2.68% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist, 121 individuals who were Hindu and 3 individuals who belonged to another church. 159 (or about 3.00% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 204 individuals (or about 3.84% of the population) did not answer the question.[10]

Education

A primary school in Sumiswald

In Sumiswald about 54.6% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 13.8% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[9] Of the 447 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 73.8% were Swiss men, 22.6% were Swiss women, 2.5% were non-Swiss men and 1.1% were non-Swiss women.[10]

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[24]

During the 2012-13 school year, there were a total of 588 students attending classes in Sumiswald. There were a total of 103 students in the German language kindergarten classes in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 13.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 18.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality's primary school had 294 students in German language classes. Of the primary students, 4.8% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 12.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, the lower secondary school had a total of 191 students. There were 3.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 11.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.[25]

As of  2000, there were a total of 888 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 699 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 189 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 118 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[18]

Sumiswald is home to the Schul- und Gemeindebibliothek Sumiswald (municipal library of Sumiswald). The library has (as of 2008) 9,171 books or other media, and loaned out 28,437 items in the same year. It was open a total of 166 days with average of 8.5 hours per week during that year.[26]

References

  1. ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e Sumiswald in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  4. ^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  5. ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Template:De icon accessed 27 August 2014
  6. ^ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Template:De icon accessed 4 April 2011
  7. ^ Flags of the World.com accessed 8 December 2014
  8. ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 8 December 2014
  10. ^ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Template:De icon accessed 2 February 2011
  11. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Gemeinde accessed 7 October 2014
  12. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Haushaltsgrösse Template:De icon accessed 8 May 2013
  13. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011
  14. ^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Anteil Einfamilienhäuser am gesamten Gebäudebestand, 2012 accessed 5 August 2014
  15. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Template:De icon accessed 29 January 2011
  16. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Gemeinde und Haushaltsgrösse Template:De icon accessed 12 August 2013
  17. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011
  18. ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb Template:De icon accessed 24 June 2010
  19. ^ Federal Tax Administration (ESTV) - Steuerbelastung in den Gemeinden 2013 Template:De icon accessed 4 November 2014. Does not include Federal Taxes.
  20. ^ Federal Tax Administration Report Direkte Bundessteuer - Natürliche Personen - Gemeinden - Steuerjahr 2011 Template:De icon Template:Fr icon accessed 4 November 2014
  21. ^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Bezüger/-innen von Sozialhilfeleistungen (Sozialhilfeempfänger/-innen), 2011 accessed 18 June 2013
  22. ^ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2011. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  23. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Template:De icon accessed 8 May 2012
  24. ^ EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  25. ^ Datei der Gemeinde- und SchultabellenTemplate:De icon accessed 23 July 2014
  26. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries Template:De icon accessed 14 May 2010
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