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{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Theda Bara
| name = Theda Bara
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'''Theda Bara''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|iː|d|ə|_|ˈ|b|ær|ə}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVBLHr4iwVM |title=Theda Bara Speaking 1936 |accessdate=7 January 2011}}</ref> {{respell|THEE|də}} {{respell|BARR|ə}}; born '''Theodosia Burr Goodman''', July 29, 1885&nbsp;– April 7, 1955) was an American [[silent film]] and stage actress.
'''Theda Bara''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|iː|d|ə|_|ˈ|b|ær|ə}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVBLHr4iwVM |title=Theda Bara Speaking 1936 |accessdate=7 January 2011}}</ref> {{respell|THEE|də}} {{respell|BARR|ə}}; born '''Theodosia Burr Goodman''', July 29, 1885&nbsp;– April 7, 1955) was an American [[silent film]] and stage actress.


Bara was one of the most popular actresses of the silent era, and one of cinema's earliest [[sex symbol]]s. Her ''[[femme fatale]]'' roles earned her the nickname '''The Vamp''' (short for [[vampire]]). Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926, but most are now [[Lost film|lost]] because the [[1937 Fox vault fire]] destroyed most of her films. After her marriage to [[Charles Brabin]] in 1921, she made two more feature films and retired from acting in 1926 having never appeared in a sound film. She died of [[stomach cancer]] on April 7, 1955 at the age of 69.
Bara was one of the most popular actresses of the silent era, and one of cinema's earliest [[sex symbol]]s. Her ''[[femme fatale]]'' roles earned her the nickname '''The Vamp''' (short for [[vampire]]). Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926, but most are now [[Lost film|lost]] because the [[1937 Fox vault fire]] destroyed most of her films. After her marriage to [[Charles Brabin]] in 1921, she made two more feature films and retired from acting in 1926 having never appeared in a sound film. She died of [[stomach cancer]] on April 7, 1955, at the age of 69.


==Early life==
==Early life==
She was born '''Theodosia Burr Goodman''' in the Avondale section of Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father was Bernard Goodman (1853–1936),<ref name="NYT">"Theda makes 'em all Baras," ''[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9905E6DA113AE433A25754C1A9679D946696D6CF New York Times]'', Nov. 17, 1917</ref> a prosperous [[Jews|Jewish]] tailor born in [[Polish people|Poland]]. Her mother, Pauline Louise Françoise (née de Coppett; 1861–1957), was born in Switzerland.<ref>[http://books.google.ca/books?id=cmwfPXTQNSwC&pg=PA1848&lpg=PA1848&dq=de+Coppet+%22Pauline+Louise+Fran%C3%A7oise%22&source=bl&ots=dwlumaMppD&sig=HOjk06qm0Nz84JfRdjBV-j_aCCw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Iq1jUoCBOuig4APy_oC4BA&redir_esc=y]</ref> Bernard and Pauline married in 1882. She had two siblings: Marque (1888–1954)<ref>"Marque Bara", ''Newport Daily News'' (Newport, Rhode Island), April 26, 1954, p. 2.</ref> and Esther (1897–1965),<ref name="NYT"/> who also became a film actress as Lori Bara and married Francis W. Getty of London in 1920.
She was born '''Theodosia Burr Goodman''' in the Avondale section of Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father was Bernard Goodman (1853–1936),<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |title=Theda makes 'em all Baras |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9905E6DA113AE433A25754C1A9679D946696D6CF |newspaper=The New York Times] |date=November 17, 1917}}</ref> a prosperous [[Jews|Jewish]] tailor born in [[Polish people|Poland]]. Her mother, Pauline Louise Françoise (née de Coppett; 1861–1957), was born in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ronald Genini |title=Theda Bara: A Biography of the Silent Screen Vamp, with a Filmography |publisher=McFarland |year=1996 |isbn=9780786491612 |page= |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=cmwfPXTQNSwC&pg=PA1848&lpg=PA1848&dq=de+Coppet+%22Pauline+Louise+Fran%C3%A7oise%22&source=bl&ots=dwlumaMppD&sig=HOjk06qm0Nz84JfRdjBV-j_aCCw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Iq1jUoCBOuig4APy_oC4BA&redir_esc=y}}</ref> Bernard and Pauline married in 1882. She had two siblings: Marque (1888–1954)<ref>"Marque Bara", ''Newport Daily News'' (Newport, Rhode Island), April 26, 1954, p. 2.</ref> and Esther (1897–1965),<ref name="NYT"/> who also became a film actress as Lori Bara and married Francis W. Getty of London in 1920.


Bara attended [[Walnut Hills High School]] graduating in 1903. After attending the [[University of Cincinnati]] for two years, she worked mainly in theater productions, but did explore other projects. After moving to New York City in 1908, she made her Broadway debut in ''The Devil'' (1908).
Bara attended [[Walnut Hills High School]] graduating in 1903. After attending the [[University of Cincinnati]] for two years, she worked mainly in theater productions, but did explore other projects. After moving to New York City in 1908, she made her Broadway debut in ''The Devil'' (1908).


[[File:Theda Bara, A Fool There Was (1915) Publicity Still.jpg|thumbnail|Theda Bara in ''[[A Fool There Was (1915 film)|A Fool There Was]]'' (Publicity Still, 1915)]]
[[File:Theda Bara, A Fool There Was (1915) Publicity Still.jpg|thumbnail|Theda Bara in ''[[A Fool There Was (1915 film)|A Fool There Was]]'' (Publicity Still, 1915)]]
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==Career==
==Career==
[[File:The She Devil 1918.jpg|thumb|Theda Bara defends herself in a scene still for the 1918 silent drama ''The She-Devil''.]]
[[File:The She Devil 1918.jpg|thumb|Theda Bara defends herself in a scene still for the 1918 silent drama ''The She-Devil''.]]
Most of Bara's early films were shot around the East Coast, primarily at the [[Fox Studios]] in [[Fort Lee, New Jersey]].<ref>{{Citation|last= ort Lee Film Commission|title=Fort Lee: Birthplace of the Motion Picture Industry|publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2006|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=ViR3b72xkK0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fort+Lee:+Birthplace+of+the+Motion+Picture+Industry&hl=nl&ei=_3m4Tby2GoGXOuDl4J0P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-0-7385-4501-1}}</ref> Bara lived with her family in New York City during this time. The rise of Hollywood as the center of the American film industry forced her to relocate to Los Angeles to film the epic ''[[Cleopatra (1917 film)|Cleopatra]]'' (1917), which became one of Bara's biggest hits. No known prints of ''Cleopatra'' exist today, but numerous photographs of Bara in costume as the Queen of the Nile have survived.
Most of Bara's early films were shot around the East Coast, primarily at the [[Fox Studios]] in [[Fort Lee, New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Fort Lee: Birthplace of the Motion Picture Industry|publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2006|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=ViR3b72xkK0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fort+Lee:+Birthplace+of+the+Motion+Picture+Industry&hl=nl&ei=_3m4Tby2GoGXOuDl4J0P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-0-7385-4501-1}}</ref> Bara lived with her family in New York City during this time. The rise of Hollywood as the center of the American film industry forced her to relocate to Los Angeles to film the epic ''[[Cleopatra (1917 film)|Cleopatra]]'' (1917), which became one of Bara's biggest hits. No known prints of ''Cleopatra'' exist today, but numerous photographs of Bara in costume as the Queen of the Nile have survived.
[[File:Theda-bara-cleopatra.jpg|thumb|Bara in the title role as ''Cleopatra'' (1917)]]
[[File:Theda-bara-cleopatra.jpg|thumb|Bara in the title role as ''Cleopatra'' (1917)]]


Between 1915 and 1919, Bara was Fox studio's biggest star but, tired of being typecast as a vamp, she allowed her five-year contract with Fox to expire. Her final Fox film was ''The Lure of Ambition'' (1919). In 1920, she turned briefly to the stage, appearing on Broadway in ''[[The Blue Flame (play)|The Blue Flame]]''. Bara's fame drew large crowds to the theater, but her acting was savaged by critics.<ref>{{cite book |last=Golden |first=Eve |authorlink=Eve Golden |title=Vamp: The Rise and Fall of Theda Bara |location=Vestal, New York |publisher=Emprise |year=1996 |isbn=1-887322-00-0 |oclc=34575681 |pages=204-209}}</ref> Her career suffered without Fox studio's support, and she did not make another film until ''The Unchastened Woman'' (1925) for Chadwick Pictures Corporation. Bara retired after making only one more film, the short comedy ''[[Madame Mystery]]'' (1926), made for [[Hal Roach]] and directed by [[Stan Laurel]], in which she parodied her vamp image.
Between 1915 and 1919, Bara was Fox studio's biggest star but, tired of being typecast as a vamp, she allowed her five-year contract with Fox to expire. Her final Fox film was ''The Lure of Ambition'' (1919). In 1920, she turned briefly to the stage, appearing on Broadway in ''[[The Blue Flame (play)|The Blue Flame]]''. Bara's fame drew large crowds to the theater, but her acting was savaged by critics.<ref>{{cite book |last=Golden |first=Eve |authorlink=Eve Golden |title=Vamp: The Rise and Fall of Theda Bara |location=Vestal, New York |publisher=Emprise |year=1996 |isbn=1-887322-00-0 |oclc=34575681 |pages=204–209}}</ref> Her career suffered without Fox studio's support, and she did not make another film until ''The Unchastened Woman'' (1925) for Chadwick Pictures Corporation. Bara retired after making only one more film, the short comedy ''[[Madame Mystery]]'' (1926), made for [[Hal Roach]] and directed by [[Stan Laurel]], in which she parodied her vamp image.


At the height of her fame, Bara earned $4,000 per week. She was one of the most popular movie stars, ranking behind only [[Charlie Chaplin]] and [[Mary Pickford]].<ref>http://oncotton.co.uk/starr/documents/THEDAprogramme&PDF.pdf {{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref> Bara's best-known roles were as the "vamp", although she attempted to avoid typecasting by playing wholesome heroines in films such as ''Under Two Flags'' and ''Her Double Life''. She also appeared as Juliet in a version of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. Although Bara took her craft seriously, she was too successful as an exotic "wanton woman" to develop a more versatile career.
At the height of her fame, Bara earned $4,000 per week. She was one of the most popular movie stars, ranking behind only [[Charlie Chaplin]] and [[Mary Pickford]].<ref>http://oncotton.co.uk/starr/documents/THEDAprogramme&PDF.pdf {{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref> Bara's best-known roles were as the "vamp", although she attempted to avoid typecasting by playing wholesome heroines in films such as ''Under Two Flags'' and ''Her Double Life''. She also appeared as Juliet in a version of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. Although Bara took her craft seriously, she was too successful as an exotic "wanton woman" to develop a more versatile career.


===Image and name===
===Image and name===
The origin of Bara's stage name is disputed; '' The Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats'' says it came from director [[Frank Powell]], who learned Theda had a relative named Barranger, and that "Theda" was a childhood nickname. In promoting the 1917 film ''[[Cleopatra (1917 film)|Cleopatra]]'', Fox Studio publicists noted that the name was an anagram of ''Arab death'', and her press agents claimed inaccurately that she was "the daughter of an Arab sheik and a French woman, born in the Sahara."<ref>[http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/87424/Cleopatra/overview]"Cleopatra (1917)". ''The New York Times'', Film review. Retrieved May 29, 2011</ref><ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qYEtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WZkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7227,1426917&dq=arab-death+theda-bara&hl=en]"Famous silent screen vamp Theda Bara dies of cancer", Associated Press wire story, printed in ''The Montreal Gazette'', April 8, 1955. Retrieved May 29, 2011.</ref> In 1917 the Goodman family legally changed its surname to ''Bara''.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Theda Makes 'em All Baras. Actress's Family Join Her in Dropping Name of Goodman |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9905E6DA113AE433A25754C1A9679D946696D6CF |quote=Actress's Family Join Her in Dropping Name of Goodman. Theda Bara, actress, and all the members of her family got permission yesterday from ... |work=[[New York Times]] |date=November 17, 1917 |accessdate=2008-07-20 | format=PDF}}</ref>
The origin of Bara's stage name is disputed; '' The Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats'' says it came from director [[Frank Powell]], who learned Theda had a relative named Barranger, and that "Theda" was a childhood nickname. In promoting the 1917 film ''[[Cleopatra (1917 film)|Cleopatra]]'', Fox Studio publicists noted that the name was an anagram of ''Arab death'', and her press agents claimed inaccurately that she was "the daughter of an Arab sheik and a French woman, born in the Sahara."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/87424/Cleopatra/overview |title=Cleopatra (1917) |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=May 29, 2011}} Film review.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qYEtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WZkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7227,1426917&dq=arab-death+theda-bara&hl=en |title=Famous silent screen vamp Theda Bara dies of cancer |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Montreal Gazette |date=April 8, 1955 |accessdate=May 29, 2011}}</ref> In 1917 the Goodman family legally changed its surname to ''Bara''.<ref name="NYT" />


[[File:ThedaBara-Cleopatra.jpg|thumb|Bara in one of her famous risqué costumes, this one in ''Cleopatra'' (1917).]]
[[File:ThedaBara-Cleopatra.jpg|thumb|Bara in one of her famous risqué costumes, this one in ''Cleopatra'' (1917).]]
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Bara is often cited as the first [[sex symbol]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicimages.com/1996/july/theda.html |title=Classic Images&nbsp;– Vol. 250&nbsp;– April 1996 Issue |publisher=Classicimages.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-02}}</ref> of the movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombshells.com/gallery/bara/theda_gallery.php |title=Theda Bara Photo Gallery |publisher=Bombshells.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-02}}</ref> She was well known for wearing very revealing costumes in her films. Such outfits were banned from Hollywood films after the [[Production Code]] started in 1930, and then was more strongly enforced in 1934.
Bara is often cited as the first [[sex symbol]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicimages.com/1996/july/theda.html |title=Classic Images&nbsp;– Vol. 250&nbsp;– April 1996 Issue |publisher=Classicimages.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-02}}</ref> of the movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombshells.com/gallery/bara/theda_gallery.php |title=Theda Bara Photo Gallery |publisher=Bombshells.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-02}}</ref> She was well known for wearing very revealing costumes in her films. Such outfits were banned from Hollywood films after the [[Production Code]] started in 1930, and then was more strongly enforced in 1934.


It was popular at that time to promote an actress as mysterious, with an exotic background. The studios promoted Bara with a massive publicity campaign, billing her as the Egyptian-born daughter of a French actress and an Italian sculptor. They claimed she had spent her early years in the [[Sahara Desert]] under the shadow of the [[Sphinx]], then moved to France to become a stage actress. (In fact, Bara had never been to Egypt or France.) They called her the '''Serpent of the [[Nile]]''' and encouraged Bara to discuss mysticism and the occult in interviews. Some film historians point to this as the birth of two Hollywood phenomena: the studio publicity department and the press agent, which would later evolve into the public relations person.
It was popular at that time to promote an actress as mysterious, with an exotic background. The studios promoted Bara with a massive publicity campaign, billing her as the Egyptian-born daughter of a French actress and an Italian sculptor. They claimed she had spent her early years in the [[Sahara Desert]] under the shadow of the [[Sphinx]], then moved to France to become a stage actress. (In fact, Bara had never been to Egypt or France.) They called her the '''Serpent of the Nile''' and encouraged Bara to discuss mysticism and the occult in interviews. Some film historians point to this as the birth of two Hollywood phenomena: the studio publicity department and the press agent, which would later evolve into the public relations person.


==Marriage and retirement==
==Marriage and retirement==
Bara married British-born American film director [[Charles Brabin]] in 1921. They honeymooned in Nova Scotia at [[Digby Pines Resort|The Pines Hotel]] in [[Digby, Nova Scotia]] and later purchased a {{convert|400|ha|acre}} property down the coast from Digby at [[Harbourville, Nova Scotia|Harbourville]] overlooking the Bay of Fundy, eventually building a summer home they called Baranook.<ref>Lorna Innis, [http://thechronicleherald.ca/thenovascotian/67331-hollywood-s-link-province-long-varied "Hollywood’s link with province long, varied"], ''Chronicle Herald'' (Halifax), February 26, 2012</ref> They had no children. Bara resided in a villa-style home which served as the "honors villa" at [[Xavier University]] in Cincinnati, Ohio. Demolition of the home began in July, 2011 <ref>http://www.wlwt.com/news/28472524/detail.html</ref>
Bara married British-born American film director [[Charles Brabin]] in 1921. They honeymooned in Nova Scotia at [[Digby Pines Resort|The Pines Hotel]] in [[Digby, Nova Scotia]], and later purchased a {{convert|400|ha|acre}} property down the coast from Digby at [[Harbourville, Nova Scotia|Harbourville]] overlooking the Bay of Fundy, eventually building a summer home they called Baranook.<ref>{{cite news |author=Lorna Innis |url=http://thechronicleherald.ca/thenovascotian/67331-hollywood-s-link-province-long-varied |title=Hollywood's link with province long, varied |newspaper=Chronicle Herald |location=Halifax |date=February 26, 2012}}</ref> They had no children. Bara resided in a villa-style home, which served as the "honors villa" at [[Xavier University]] in Cincinnati, Ohio. Demolition of the home began in July, 2011<ref>http://www.wlwt.com/news/28472524/detail.html{{dead link|date=August 2015}}</ref>


In 1936, she appeared on [[Cecil B. DeMille]]'s ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]'' in a broadcast version of ''The Thin Man'' with [[William Powell]] and [[Myrna Loy]]. She did not appear in the play but instead announced her plans to make a movie comeback, which never materialized. She appeared on radio again in 1939 as a guest on ''[[Texaco Star Theatre]]''. These may be the only surviving recordings of her voice.
In 1936, she appeared on [[Cecil B. DeMille]]'s ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]'' in a broadcast version of ''The Thin Man'' with [[William Powell]] and [[Myrna Loy]]. She did not appear in the play but instead announced her plans to make a movie comeback, which never materialized. She appeared on radio again in 1939 as a guest on ''[[Texaco Star Theatre]]''. These may be the only surviving recordings of her voice.

In 1949, producer [[Buddy DeSylva]] and [[Columbia Pictures]] expressed interest in making a movie of Bara's life, starring [[Betty Hutton]], but the project never materialized.<ref>Thomas F. Brady, "De Sylva Working on Movie of Bara", ''New York Times'', January 21, 1949, p. 25. Hedda Hopper (column), ''The Washington Post'', August 21, 1949, p. L1. Hedda Hopper (column), ''The Washington Post'', October 23, 1949, p. L1. Thomas F. Brady, "Betty Hutton Set for 2 Metro Films", ''New York Times'', December 2, 1949, p. 36.</ref>
In 1949, producer [[Buddy DeSylva]] and [[Columbia Pictures]] expressed interest in making a movie of Bara's life, starring [[Betty Hutton]], but the project never materialized.<ref>{{cite news |author=Thomas F. Brady |title=De Sylva Working on Movie of Bara |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 21, 1949 |page=25 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B05E4D9123CE23BBC4951DFB7668382659EDE}}; {{cite news |author=Hedda Hopper |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=August 21, 1949 |page=L1}}; {{cite news |author=Hedda Hopper |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 23, 1949 |page=L1}}; {{cite news |author=Thomas F. Brady |title=Betty Hutton Set for 2 Metro Films |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 2, 1949 |page=36 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E06E5D61E3BE23BBC4A53DFB4678382659EDE}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
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For her contribution to the film industry, Theda Bara has a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].
For her contribution to the film industry, Theda Bara has a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].


Bara is one of the most famous completely silent stars – she never appeared in a sound film, lost or otherwise. A 1937 fire at Fox's nitrate film storage vaults in New Jersey destroyed most of that studio's silent films. Bara made more than forty films between 1914 and 1926, but complete prints of only six still exist: ''[[The Stain (film)|The Stain]]'' (1914), ''[[A Fool There Was (1915 film)|A Fool There Was]]'' (1915), ''[[East Lynne (1916 film)|East Lynne]]'' (1916), ''[[The Unchastened Woman]]'' (1925), and two short comedies for [[Hal Roach]].
Bara is one of the most famous completely silent stars – she never appeared in a sound film, lost or otherwise. A 1937 fire at Fox's nitrate film storage vaults in New Jersey destroyed most of that studio's silent films. Bara made more than forty films between 1914 and 1926, but complete prints of only six still exist: ''[[The Stain (film)|The Stain]]'' (1914), ''[[A Fool There Was (1915 film)|A Fool There Was]]'' (1915), ''[[East Lynne (1916 film)|East Lynne]]'' (1916), ''[[The Unchastened Woman]]'' (1925), and two short comedies for [[Hal Roach]].


In addition to these, a few of her films remain in fragments including ''Cleopatra'' (just a few seconds of footage), a clip thought to be from ''The Soul of Buddha'', and a few other unidentified clips featured in a French documentary, ''Theda Bara et William Fox'' (2001). Most of the clips can be seen in the documentary ''The Woman with the Hungry Eyes'' (2006). As to vamping, critics stated that her portrayal of calculating, coldhearted women was morally instructive to men. Bara responded by saying, "I will continue doing vampires as long as people sin." <ref>{{cite book |title= Sexy Origins and Intimate Things: The Rites and Rituals of Straights, Gays, Bi's, Drags, Trans, Virgins, and Others|last=Panati |first=Charles |authorlink=Charles Panati |year=1998 |publisher=Penguin Books|page=295}}</ref>
In addition to these, a few of her films remain in fragments including ''Cleopatra'' (just a few seconds of footage), a clip thought to be from ''The Soul of Buddha'', and a few other unidentified clips featured in a French documentary, ''Theda Bara et William Fox'' (2001). Most of the clips can be seen in the documentary ''The Woman with the Hungry Eyes'' (2006). As to vamping, critics stated that her portrayal of calculating, coldhearted women was morally instructive to men. Bara responded by saying, "I will continue doing vampires as long as people sin."<ref>{{cite book |title= Sexy Origins and Intimate Things: The Rites and Rituals of Straights, Gays, Bi's, Drags, Trans, Virgins, and Others|last=Panati |first=Charles |authorlink=Charles Panati |year=1998 |publisher=Penguin Books|page=295}}</ref>


In 1994, she was honored with her image on a [[List of people on stamps of the United States|United States postage stamp]] designed by caricaturist [[Al Hirschfeld]].
In 1994, she was honored with her image on a [[List of people on stamps of the United States|United States postage stamp]] designed by caricaturist [[Al Hirschfeld]].
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|-
|-
| 1915
| 1915
| ''[[A Fool There Was (1915 film)|A Fool There Was]]''
| ''[[A Fool There Was (1915 film)|A Fool There Was]]''
| The Vamp
| The Vamp
|
|
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| ''[[East Lynne (1916 film)|East Lynne]]''
| ''[[East Lynne (1916 film)|East Lynne]]''
| Lady Isabel Carlisle
| Lady Isabel Carlisle
|
|
|-
|-
| 1916
| 1916
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|-
|-
| 1926
| 1926
| ''[[45 Minutes from Hollywood]]''
| ''[[45 Minutes from Hollywood]]''
| Herself
| Herself
| Short film
| Short film
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===Music===
===Music===
At the height of Bara's fame, her vamp image was celebrated in popular songs of the day.
At the height of Bara's fame, her vamp image was celebrated in popular songs of the day.


* The lyrics of "Red-Hot Hannah" state:
* The lyrics of "Red-Hot Hannah" state:
''I know things that Theda Bara's just startin' to learn''<br>
''I know things that Theda Bara's just startin' to learn''<br>
''Make my dresses from asbestos; I'm liable to burn.''
''Make my dresses from asbestos; I'm liable to burn.''


* The song "[[Rebecca Came Back from Mecca]]" contains the lyrics:
* The song "[[Rebecca Came Back from Mecca]]" contains the lyrics:
''She's as bold as Theda Bara'' <br>
''She's as bold as Theda Bara'' <br>
''Theda's bare but Becky's bare-er.''
''Theda's bare but Becky's bare-er.''
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''She would never roll another eye.''
''She would never roll another eye.''


* The second chorus of "Louisville Lou", with lyrics by Jack Yellen and music by Milton Ager, states:
* The second chorus of "Louisville Lou", with lyrics by Jack Yellen and music by Milton Ager, states:
''They call the lady Louisville Lou'' <br>
''They call the lady Louisville Lou'' <br>
''Oh, what that vampin' baby can do!'' <br>
''Oh, what that vampin' baby can do!'' <br>
''She got the meanest pair o' eyes,'' <br>
''She got the meanest pair o' eyes,'' <br>
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In June 1996, two biographies of Bara were released: Ron Genini's ''Theda Bara: A Biography'' (McFarland) and [[Eve Golden]]'s ''Vamp'' (Emprise). In October 2005 TimeLine Films of [[Culver City]] premiered a film biography, ''Theda Bara: The Woman With the Hungry Eyes''.
In June 1996, two biographies of Bara were released: Ron Genini's ''Theda Bara: A Biography'' (McFarland) and [[Eve Golden]]'s ''Vamp'' (Emprise). In October 2005 TimeLine Films of [[Culver City]] premiered a film biography, ''Theda Bara: The Woman With the Hungry Eyes''.


Bara has also been the subject of several works of fiction, including "In Theda Bara's Tent" by Diana Altman, "The Director's Cut: A Theda Bara Mystery" by Christopher DiGrazia and the play "Theda Bara and the Frontier Rabbi" by Bob Johnston.
Bara has also been the subject of several works of fiction, including ''In Theda Bara's Tent'' by Diana Altman, ''The Director's Cut: A Theda Bara Mystery'' by Christopher DiGrazia and the play ''Theda Bara and the Frontier Rabbi'' by Bob Johnston.


Theda Bara appears as a character in the books "Vampyres of Hollywood" and "Love Bites" by [[Adrienne Barbeau]].
Theda Bara appears as a character in the books "Vampyres of Hollywood" and "Love Bites" by [[Adrienne Barbeau]].
Line 383: Line 384:
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Silent film actress
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Silent film actress
|DATE OF BIRTH = July 29, 1885
|DATE OF BIRTH = July 29, 1885
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], U.S.
|PLACE OF BIRTH = Cincinnati, Ohio
|DATE OF DEATH = April 13, 1955
|DATE OF DEATH = April 13, 1955
|PLACE OF DEATH = Los Angeles, California, U.S.
|PLACE OF DEATH = Los Angeles, California
}}
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bara, Theda}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bara, Theda}}

Revision as of 09:53, 10 August 2015

Theda Bara
Born
Theodosia Burr Goodman

(1885-07-29)July 29, 1885
Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
DiedApril 7, 1955(1955-04-07) (aged 69)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Cause of deathStomach cancer
Resting placeForest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale
NationalityAmerican
EducationWalnut Hills High School
Alma materUniversity of Cincinnati
OccupationActress
Years active1908–1926
SpouseCharles Brabin (1921–1955)

Theda Bara (/ˈθiːdə ˈbærə/[1] THEE-də BARR-ə; born Theodosia Burr Goodman, July 29, 1885 – April 7, 1955) was an American silent film and stage actress.

Bara was one of the most popular actresses of the silent era, and one of cinema's earliest sex symbols. Her femme fatale roles earned her the nickname The Vamp (short for vampire). Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926, but most are now lost because the 1937 Fox vault fire destroyed most of her films. After her marriage to Charles Brabin in 1921, she made two more feature films and retired from acting in 1926 having never appeared in a sound film. She died of stomach cancer on April 7, 1955, at the age of 69.

Early life

She was born Theodosia Burr Goodman in the Avondale section of Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father was Bernard Goodman (1853–1936),[2] a prosperous Jewish tailor born in Poland. Her mother, Pauline Louise Françoise (née de Coppett; 1861–1957), was born in Switzerland.[3] Bernard and Pauline married in 1882. She had two siblings: Marque (1888–1954)[4] and Esther (1897–1965),[2] who also became a film actress as Lori Bara and married Francis W. Getty of London in 1920.

Bara attended Walnut Hills High School graduating in 1903. After attending the University of Cincinnati for two years, she worked mainly in theater productions, but did explore other projects. After moving to New York City in 1908, she made her Broadway debut in The Devil (1908).

Theda Bara in A Fool There Was (Publicity Still, 1915)

Career

Theda Bara defends herself in a scene still for the 1918 silent drama The She-Devil.

Most of Bara's early films were shot around the East Coast, primarily at the Fox Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey.[5] Bara lived with her family in New York City during this time. The rise of Hollywood as the center of the American film industry forced her to relocate to Los Angeles to film the epic Cleopatra (1917), which became one of Bara's biggest hits. No known prints of Cleopatra exist today, but numerous photographs of Bara in costume as the Queen of the Nile have survived.

Bara in the title role as Cleopatra (1917)

Between 1915 and 1919, Bara was Fox studio's biggest star but, tired of being typecast as a vamp, she allowed her five-year contract with Fox to expire. Her final Fox film was The Lure of Ambition (1919). In 1920, she turned briefly to the stage, appearing on Broadway in The Blue Flame. Bara's fame drew large crowds to the theater, but her acting was savaged by critics.[6] Her career suffered without Fox studio's support, and she did not make another film until The Unchastened Woman (1925) for Chadwick Pictures Corporation. Bara retired after making only one more film, the short comedy Madame Mystery (1926), made for Hal Roach and directed by Stan Laurel, in which she parodied her vamp image.

At the height of her fame, Bara earned $4,000 per week. She was one of the most popular movie stars, ranking behind only Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford.[7] Bara's best-known roles were as the "vamp", although she attempted to avoid typecasting by playing wholesome heroines in films such as Under Two Flags and Her Double Life. She also appeared as Juliet in a version of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Although Bara took her craft seriously, she was too successful as an exotic "wanton woman" to develop a more versatile career.

Image and name

The origin of Bara's stage name is disputed; The Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats says it came from director Frank Powell, who learned Theda had a relative named Barranger, and that "Theda" was a childhood nickname. In promoting the 1917 film Cleopatra, Fox Studio publicists noted that the name was an anagram of Arab death, and her press agents claimed inaccurately that she was "the daughter of an Arab sheik and a French woman, born in the Sahara."[8][9] In 1917 the Goodman family legally changed its surname to Bara.[2]

Bara in one of her famous risqué costumes, this one in Cleopatra (1917).

Bara is often cited as the first sex symbol[10] of the movies.[11] She was well known for wearing very revealing costumes in her films. Such outfits were banned from Hollywood films after the Production Code started in 1930, and then was more strongly enforced in 1934.

It was popular at that time to promote an actress as mysterious, with an exotic background. The studios promoted Bara with a massive publicity campaign, billing her as the Egyptian-born daughter of a French actress and an Italian sculptor. They claimed she had spent her early years in the Sahara Desert under the shadow of the Sphinx, then moved to France to become a stage actress. (In fact, Bara had never been to Egypt or France.) They called her the Serpent of the Nile and encouraged Bara to discuss mysticism and the occult in interviews. Some film historians point to this as the birth of two Hollywood phenomena: the studio publicity department and the press agent, which would later evolve into the public relations person.

Marriage and retirement

Bara married British-born American film director Charles Brabin in 1921. They honeymooned in Nova Scotia at The Pines Hotel in Digby, Nova Scotia, and later purchased a 400 hectares (990 acres) property down the coast from Digby at Harbourville overlooking the Bay of Fundy, eventually building a summer home they called Baranook.[12] They had no children. Bara resided in a villa-style home, which served as the "honors villa" at Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. Demolition of the home began in July, 2011[13]

In 1936, she appeared on Cecil B. DeMille's Lux Radio Theatre in a broadcast version of The Thin Man with William Powell and Myrna Loy. She did not appear in the play but instead announced her plans to make a movie comeback, which never materialized. She appeared on radio again in 1939 as a guest on Texaco Star Theatre. These may be the only surviving recordings of her voice.

In 1949, producer Buddy DeSylva and Columbia Pictures expressed interest in making a movie of Bara's life, starring Betty Hutton, but the project never materialized.[14]

Death

Niche of Theda Bara, in the Great Mausoleum, Forest Lawn Glendale.

On April 7, 1955, Bara died of stomach cancer in Los Angeles, California. She was interred as Theda Bara Brabin in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

Legacy

For her contribution to the film industry, Theda Bara has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Bara is one of the most famous completely silent stars – she never appeared in a sound film, lost or otherwise. A 1937 fire at Fox's nitrate film storage vaults in New Jersey destroyed most of that studio's silent films. Bara made more than forty films between 1914 and 1926, but complete prints of only six still exist: The Stain (1914), A Fool There Was (1915), East Lynne (1916), The Unchastened Woman (1925), and two short comedies for Hal Roach.

In addition to these, a few of her films remain in fragments including Cleopatra (just a few seconds of footage), a clip thought to be from The Soul of Buddha, and a few other unidentified clips featured in a French documentary, Theda Bara et William Fox (2001). Most of the clips can be seen in the documentary The Woman with the Hungry Eyes (2006). As to vamping, critics stated that her portrayal of calculating, coldhearted women was morally instructive to men. Bara responded by saying, "I will continue doing vampires as long as people sin."[15]

In 1994, she was honored with her image on a United States postage stamp designed by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld.

The Fort Lee Film Commission dedicated Main Street and Linwood Avenue in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as "Theda Bara Way" in May 2006 to honor Bara, who made many of her films at the Fox Studio on Linwood and Main.

Filmography

The Rose of Blood (1917)
A Woman There Was (1919)
The Siren's Song (1919)
Year Film Role Notes
1914 The Stain Gang moll Credited as Theodosia Goodman
1915 Siren of Hell Lost film
1915 A Fool There Was The Vamp
1915 The Kreutzer Sonata Celia Friedlander Lost film
1915 The Clemenceau Case Iza Lost film
1915 The Devil's Daughter La Gioconda Lost film
1915 Lady Audley's Secret Helen Talboys Lost film
1915 The Two Orphans Henriette Lost film
1915 Sin Rosa Lost film
1915 Carmen Carmen Lost film
1915 The Galley Slave Francesca Brabaut Lost film
1915 Destruction Fernade Lost film
1916 The Serpent Vania Lazar Lost film
1916 Gold and the Woman Theresa Decordova Lost film
1916 The Eternal Sapho Laura Bruffins Lost film
1916 East Lynne Lady Isabel Carlisle
1916 Under Two Flags Cigarette Lost film
1916 Her Double Life Mary Doone Lost film
1916 Romeo and Juliet Juliet Lost film
1916 The Vixen Elsie Drummond Lost film
1917 The Darling of Paris Esmeralda Lost film
1917 The Tiger Woman Princess Petrovitch Lost film
1917 Her Greatest Love Hazel Lost film
1917 Heart and Soul Jess Lost film
1917 Camille Marguerite Gauthier[16] Lost film
1917 Cleopatra Cleopatra Approximately 20 seconds exist
1917 The Rose of Blood Lisza Tapenka Lost film
1917 Madame Du Barry Jeanne Vaubernier Lost film
1918 The Forbidden Path Mary Lynde Lost film
1918 The Soul of Buddha Priestess Story
Lost film
1918 Under the Yoke Maria Valverda Lost film
1918 Salomé Salome Lost film
1918 When a Woman Sins Lilian Marchard / Poppea Lost film
1918 The She Devil Lorette Lost film
1919 The Light Blanchette Dumond, aka Madame Lefresne Lost film
1919 When Men Desire Marie Lohr Approximately 17 seconds exist
1919 The Siren's Song Marie Bernais Lost film
1919 A Woman There Was Princess Zara Lost film
1919 Kathleen Mavourneen Kathleen Cavanagh Lost film
1919 La Belle Russe Fleurett Sackton/La Belle Russe Lost film
1919 The Lure of Ambition Olga Dolan Lost film
1925 The Unchastened Woman Caroline Knollys
1926 Madame Mystery Madame Mysterieux Short film
1926 45 Minutes from Hollywood Herself Short film

Theda Bara was one of three actresses (Pola Negri and Mae Murray were the others) whose eyes were combined to form the Chicago International Film Festival's logo, a stark, black and white close up of the composite eyes set as repeated frames in a strip of film.[17]

The International Times' logo is a black-and-white image of Theda Bara. The founders' intention had been to use an image of actress Clara Bow, 1920s "It girl", but a picture of Theda Bara was used by accident and, once deployed, not changed.[18]

Music

At the height of Bara's fame, her vamp image was celebrated in popular songs of the day.

  • The lyrics of "Red-Hot Hannah" state:

I know things that Theda Bara's just startin' to learn
Make my dresses from asbestos; I'm liable to burn.

She's as bold as Theda Bara
Theda's bare but Becky's bare-er.

  • The chorus lyric of "If I had a man like Valentino" contains the couplet:

Theda Bara sure would die
She would never roll another eye.

  • The second chorus of "Louisville Lou", with lyrics by Jack Yellen and music by Milton Ager, states:

They call the lady Louisville Lou
Oh, what that vampin' baby can do!
She got the meanest pair o' eyes,
Theda Bara eyes, that the world ever knew.

Books and films

In June 1996, two biographies of Bara were released: Ron Genini's Theda Bara: A Biography (McFarland) and Eve Golden's Vamp (Emprise). In October 2005 TimeLine Films of Culver City premiered a film biography, Theda Bara: The Woman With the Hungry Eyes.

Bara has also been the subject of several works of fiction, including In Theda Bara's Tent by Diana Altman, The Director's Cut: A Theda Bara Mystery by Christopher DiGrazia and the play Theda Bara and the Frontier Rabbi by Bob Johnston.

Theda Bara appears as a character in the books "Vampyres of Hollywood" and "Love Bites" by Adrienne Barbeau.

References

  1. ^ "Theda Bara Speaking 1936". Retrieved January 7, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c "Theda makes 'em all Baras". The New York Times]. November 17, 1917.
  3. ^ Ronald Genini (1996). Theda Bara: A Biography of the Silent Screen Vamp, with a Filmography. McFarland. ISBN 9780786491612.
  4. ^ "Marque Bara", Newport Daily News (Newport, Rhode Island), April 26, 1954, p. 2.
  5. ^ Fort Lee: Birthplace of the Motion Picture Industry. Arcadia Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7385-4501-1.
  6. ^ Golden, Eve (1996). Vamp: The Rise and Fall of Theda Bara. Vestal, New York: Emprise. pp. 204–209. ISBN 1-887322-00-0. OCLC 34575681.
  7. ^ http://oncotton.co.uk/starr/documents/THEDAprogramme&PDF.pdf [dead link]
  8. ^ "Cleopatra (1917)". The New York Times. Retrieved May 29, 2011. Film review.
  9. ^ "Famous silent screen vamp Theda Bara dies of cancer". The Montreal Gazette. Associated Press. April 8, 1955. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
  10. ^ "Classic Images – Vol. 250 – April 1996 Issue". Classicimages.com. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  11. ^ "Theda Bara Photo Gallery". Bombshells.com. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  12. ^ Lorna Innis (February 26, 2012). "Hollywood's link with province long, varied". Chronicle Herald. Halifax.
  13. ^ http://www.wlwt.com/news/28472524/detail.html[dead link]
  14. ^ Thomas F. Brady (January 21, 1949). "De Sylva Working on Movie of Bara". The New York Times. p. 25.; Hedda Hopper (August 21, 1949). The Washington Post. p. L1. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Hedda Hopper (October 23, 1949). The Washington Post. p. L1. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Thomas F. Brady (December 2, 1949). "Betty Hutton Set for 2 Metro Films". The New York Times. p. 36.
  15. ^ Panati, Charles (1998). Sexy Origins and Intimate Things: The Rites and Rituals of Straights, Gays, Bi's, Drags, Trans, Virgins, and Others. Penguin Books. p. 295.
  16. ^ "Theda Bara Makes 'Camille' Reality". Hartford Courant. October 30, 1917. Retrieved July 20, 2008. Heralded as one of the screen triumphs of the day, "Camille", adapted from the Dumas novel, and with Theda Bara the featured player, fulfills the promises of the management of Poli's Theater, where this film really heads the bill this half of the week. Vaudeville must...
  17. ^ About Our Logo – The Chicago International Film Festival.
  18. ^ Miles, Barry (1998). Many Years From Now. Vintage – Random House. p. 232. ISBN 0-7493-8658-4.

Further reading

  • Shakespeare on Silent Film: An Excellent Dumb Discourse by Judith Buchanan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Chapter 6. ISBN 0-521-87199-9.
  • The First Female Stars: Women of the Silent Era by David W. Menefee. Albany: Bear Manor Media, 2007. ISBN 0-275-98259-9.
  • Eve Golden (1996). Vamp: The Rise and Fall of Theda Bara. Emprise. ISBN 1-887322-00-0.
  • Ronald Genini (1996). Theda Bara: A Biography of the Silent Screen Vamp, with a Filmography. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0202-4.
  • Rothwell-Smith, Paul. Silent Films! the Performers (2011) ISBN 978-1-907540-32-5
  • Famous Juliets by Jerome Hart, in Motion Picture Classic, March, 1923.
  • A Million and One Nights by Terry Ramsaye. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1926.
  • Susan Fox (2006). William Fox: A Story of Early Hollywood 1915–1930. Midnight Marquee Press Inc. ISBN 1-887664-62-9.
  • Christopher DiGrazia (2011). The Director's Cut: A Theda Bara Mystery. 1921 PVG Publishing. ISBN 0-9827709-4-4.
  • Bob Johnston (2002). Theda Bara and the Frontier Rabbi. Dramatist's Play Service. ISBN 0-8222-1837-2.
  • Diana Altman (2010). In Theda Bara's Tent. Tapley Cove Press. ISBN 0-615-34327-9.
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