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Founding 32nd century BC

For military arrangements in antiquity, see Military history of Ancient Egypt.

Ahmose I the Egyptian army commander fighting the Hyksos in 1700 BC.

First regular army in the world was established in Egypt around the year 3200 BC. After the unification of King Menes of Egypt, sitting on her throne. And it became the most powerful army in the world and thanks to him the Egyptians created the first empire in the world stretching from Turkey in the north to the south of Somalia and Iraq in the east to the west of Libya, was this is the golden age of the Egyptian army. Ancient Egyptian military and made many great leaders, and the Egyptian army force that the main point was the texture of the Egyptians, not foreign mercenaries, and through the compulsory service system and call for service during the war. The army consists of infantry and horse-drawn carriages, Spears, soldiers bayonets and other branches and the fleet, which was protected marine coast of Egypt are all in addition to the Nile River.

After the Macedonian conquest of Egypt in 332 BC. By Alexander the Great, that's just passed away on June 13, 323 BC. The third has not been thirty years old. In the wake of his death divided the states of Macedonian Empire between his commanders, Egypt was named commander of the share of Ptolemy, and so Egypt has entered the era of the Ptolemies. During that era he brought the first Ptolemy and his successors the Greeks and the like to serve in the Ptolemaic belligerent forces. So boarding Ptolemy IV throne of Egypt, and attacking Antiochus III of the limits of the Ptolemaic state in Syria, terrifying Ptolemy IV organizing the army and incorporated for the first time a large number of Egyptians in the army and trained and armed them according to the assets arts of modern warfare was credited in his victory over his enemy in the battle of Rafah in 217 BC.

Alexander oversees the demarcation set the foundations of the city of Alexandria.

and proved to the Egyptians during their competence battle in the field of war and their superiority on the pad martial arts in this era of the Greeks and the Macedonians stimulate victory in those Egyptians battle to do in the face of their rulers tyrants and Revolution them, as increased external threats against the Ptolemies, and increased conflicts between the family ruling, and worked to get close to Rome, paving her way to extend its influence on Egypt as a result of the weakness inherent in the Ptolemaic rulers nights, so even elevated to the throne of Egypt Cleopatra last rulers of the Ptolemies, which seized control of the Roman emperor Julius Caesar and later Marc Antony, and remained on the throne of Egypt Even the victory of Octavius on Marc Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and that ended the Ptolemaic era and the beginning of the Roman era in Egypt. During this era the Romans did not use the Egyptians in the ranks of the military and their protection in Egypt but to the citizens of Greek cities due to the ongoing revolutions Egyptians against them. After the split the Romanian Empire to East and West, Egypt became a subsidiary of the Empire Romania and East known about the Byzantine Empire in 323 AD during the reign of Emperor Constantine I.

Tanks in the Egyptian Army

This article deals with the history and development of tanks of the Egyptian Army.

Armour

About 8,000 armoured vehicles 1990-2015.

Models

• Fahd 240/280
• Kader Walid
• Ramses II

Overview

Everyone has in the back of his mind Ramesses II and his chariots rolling at the battle of Kadesh in 1274 bc, the giant fleets of the Ptolemies and Alexandria, or in the XIXth century, the Mamelukes which formed Napoleon’s close guard. The modern Egyptians never forget this proud legacy nor its antique symbol carried out through millenias, the desert eagle. A more regimented, professional standing army was created by Muhammad Ali Pasha in the beginning of the XXth century. For the first time they were not drawn from the traditional Sudanese slaves or Mamelukes but the peasantry. After ww2, Egypt free from British influence get involved in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Defeat was soundly resented by “free officers” like Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser that led a coup d’état and revolution in 1952. The old monarchy of King Farouk was abolished and the British forces left around the Suez Canal forced to leave (Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1954).

History

The Suez crisis (1956)

Such a strategical asset could not be left by the two nations that had been involved deeply with it, the French that built it and the British that defended it against Rommel in WW2 and considered it the jugular of the empire, direct link to their Indian colonies. However Nasser, then first president of a modern, laic republic, intended to keep it after nationalization, as part of the Egyptian territory and free from foreign influences of interests. After failures of negotiations, both nations mobilized and intervened in what was known as the “Tripartite Aggression” in the Arab world, as Israel was part of it, attacking by land from the east.

After an air preparation, Anglo-French ground forces assaulted Egyptian forces on the Suez canal and Cairo, meeting some successes before international pressure led from both the USSR and USA forced the coalition to retire in December. Only Israel gained the occupation of Sinai (until March 1957) and re-opening of the Straits of Tiran.

This conflict enlightened the weaknesses of the Egyptian Army led by Abdel Hakim Amer, a politic appointee that proved incompetent for the most part of the operations, but the Egyptian forces proved to be largely superior in defence than (counter-)attack. at that time equipped with ww2 materiel, like the Sherman M4, T-34/85 and SU-100, or former British models like the rare Archer tank hunter. If Nasser though to the USA for weapons delivery as a first choice, the Eisenhower administration couldn’t stand the resolutely anti-Israel position of the Egyptian government, and Czechoslovakia was therefore a main source of supply before 1955.

Nasser then turned to the USSR, mostly as a way of pressuring the white house, but eventually this lead to a steady stream of deliveries, despite maintaining a strict neutrality (at some point, the US government offered to send military advisers which conditioned the deliveries of weapons, but that was rejected). This shift towards the communist block however was deeply resented by the tripartite treaty nations and was a main cause for the intervention. With time, soviet instructors also came in Egypt, contributing to forge a tactical doctrine adapted to desert warfare.

North Yemen Civil War (1962-65)

In this civil war a republican coup d’état overthrown the old monarchy and the two factions were supported, in order, by Nasser’s Egypt one one side and Saudi Arabia, Jordan and the UK in what was also called the “Arab cold war”. Egypt deployed troops withing three month of the war, which grew from 5,000 to 50,000 at the end of the war, without significant gains. Ultimately the Republican won, but at a such price that this conflict latter gained the reputation of being “Egypt’s Vietnam” as for years there was no significant progresses against tens of thousands of semi-regulars, 200,000 tribesmen and hundreds of mercenaries using guerrilla tactics whereas the Egyptian Army used conventional tactics in which armored vehicles and tanks mostly played an infantry support role and were defeated in particular by infantry-held weapons like the 105 mm recoiless gun.