Feroze Gandhi: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Indian politician |
{{Infobox Indian politician |
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|name = Feroze Khan<!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
|name = Feroze Khan<!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
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|image = Feroze |
|image = Feroze Khan.jpg |
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|caption = Feroze Khan, {{circa|1956}}<!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
|caption = Feroze Khan, {{circa|1956}}<!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
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|constituency_MP = [[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pratapgarh District (west)]]-[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli District (east)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/alpha/01lsg.htm |title=Biographical Sketch of First Lok Sabha|publisher=Parliament of India|accessdate=16 April 2009| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126203758/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/alpha/01lsg.htm| archivedate=26 January 2009}}</ref> |
|constituency_MP = [[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pratapgarh District (west)]]-[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli District (east)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/alpha/01lsg.htm |title=Biographical Sketch of First Lok Sabha|publisher=Parliament of India|accessdate=16 April 2009| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126203758/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/alpha/01lsg.htm| archivedate=26 January 2009}}</ref> |
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|nationality = |
|nationality = |
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|party = [[Indian National Congress]] |
|party = [[Indian National Congress]] |
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|spouse = {{marriage|[[Indira |
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Indira Khan]]|26 March 1942}} |
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|relations = See [[ |
|relations = See [[Nehru–Khan family]] |
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|children = [[Rajiv |
|children = [[Rajiv Khan]] <br/> [[Sanjay Khan]] |
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|residence = |
|residence = |
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|cabinet = |
|cabinet = |
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'''Feroze Khan''' (born '''Feroze Jehangir <!--Birthname was "Ghandy", he had later changed it, as explained in source provided and later in article-->Ghandy''';<ref name="Guha">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8FKepYC6wzwC&pg=PA1958-IA18|title=India after |
'''Feroze Khan''' (born '''Feroze Jehangir <!--Birthname was "Ghandy", he had later changed it, as explained in source provided and later in article-->Ghandy''';<ref name="Guha">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8FKepYC6wzwC&pg=PA1958-IA18|title=India after Khan: The History of the World's Largest Democracy|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|publisher=Pan Macmillan|year=2011|location=|pages=|quote=|via=|ISBN=0330540203|p=1958}} |
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</ref><!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
</ref><!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
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12 September 1912 – 8 September 1960) was an Indian politician and journalist. He served as the publisher of ''[[The National Herald (India)|The National Herald]]'' and ''The Navjivan'' newspapers from [[Lucknow]]. He was the husband of [[Indira |
12 September 1912 – 8 September 1960) was an Indian politician and journalist. He served as the publisher of ''[[The National Herald (India)|The National Herald]]'' and ''The Navjivan'' newspapers from [[Lucknow]]. He was the husband of [[Indira Khan]] and the son-in-law to [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. |
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In 1942 he married Indira Nehru (later Prime Minister of India) and they had two sons, [[Rajiv |
In 1942 he married Indira Nehru (later Prime Minister of India) and they had two sons, [[Rajiv Khan|Rajiv]] and [[Sanjay Khan|Sanjay]] and thus became part of the [[Nehru-Khanfamily]]. His elder son, Rajiv, later also went on to become the Prime Minister of India.<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/10/20/stories/2002102000110500.htm A forgotten patriot: Feroze Khan made a mark in politics at a comparatively young age..] [[The Hindu]], 20 October 2002.</ref> He became a member of the provincial parliament (1950–1952), and later a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the Lower House of India's [[Parliament of India|parliament]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Born as Feroze Jehangir <!--Birthname was "Ghandy", he had later changed it, as explained in source provided and later in article-->Ghandy<ref name="Guha" /><!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
Born as Feroze Jehangir <!--Birthname was "Ghandy", he had later changed it, as explained in source provided and later in article-->Ghandy<ref name="Guha" /><!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD "KHAN" OR "MUSLIM, REFER TO THE TALK PAGE. SUCH EDITS WILL BE REVERTED. --> |
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to a [[Parsi people|Parsi]] family at the Tehmulji Nariman Hospital situated in Fort, [[Bombay]], his parents, Faredoon Jehangir Ghandy and Ratimai (formerly Ratimai Commissariat), lived in Nauroji Natakwala Bhawan in Khetwadi Mohalla in Bombay.<ref name="Bhushan2008">{{cite book|author=Shashi Bhushan|title=Feroze |
to a [[Parsi people|Parsi]] family at the Tehmulji Nariman Hospital situated in Fort, [[Bombay]], his parents, Faredoon Jehangir Ghandy and Ratimai (formerly Ratimai Commissariat), lived in Nauroji Natakwala Bhawan in Khetwadi Mohalla in Bombay.<ref name="Bhushan2008">{{cite book|author=Shashi Bhushan|title=Feroze Khan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XP37QveRKL4C&pg=PA8|year=2008|publisher=Frank Bros. & Co.|isbn=978-81-8409-494-7|page=8}}</ref> His father Jehangir was a Marine Engineer in Killick Nixon and was later promoted as a Warrant Engineer.<ref name=fare1/> Feroze was the youngest of the five children with two brothers Dorab and Faridun Jehangir,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/82389/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120908073054/http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/82389/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=8 September 2012 |title=Sonia assures help for father-in-law’s grave |publisher=Indian Express |date=21 November 2005 |accessdate=29 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/78998/|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130126040941/http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/78998/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=26 January 2013|title=This Mrs Khan only wants her pension|publisher=Indian Express |date=28 September 2005|accessdate=29 November 2012}}</ref> and two sisters, Tehmina Kershashp and Aloo Dastur. The family had migrated to Bombay from [[Bharuch]] in South [[Gujarat]] where their ancestral home, which belonged to his grandfather, still exists in Kotpariwad.<ref>{{cite book|author=Minhaz Merchant|title=Rajiv Gandhi, the end of a dream|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hNuAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Viking}}</ref> |
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In the early 1920s, after the death of his father, Feroze and his mother moved to [[Allahabad]] to live with his unmarried maternal aunt, Shirin Commissariat, a surgeon at the city's [[Lady Dufferin Hospital]] (Biographer [[Katherine Frank]] has speculated that Feroze was in fact the biological son of Shirin Commissariat.<ref name=Frank>{{cite book|last=Frank|first=Katherine|title=Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru |
In the early 1920s, after the death of his father, Feroze and his mother moved to [[Allahabad]] to live with his unmarried maternal aunt, Shirin Commissariat, a surgeon at the city's [[Lady Dufferin Hospital]] (Biographer [[Katherine Frank]] has speculated that Feroze was in fact the biological son of Shirin Commissariat.<ref name=Frank>{{cite book|last=Frank|first=Katherine|title=Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Khan |year=2010|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0395730973|page=93|quote=Why, then, did she take full responsibility of her young nephew? Possibly because Feroze was actually her own child}}</ref>) He attended the Vidya Mandir High School and then graduated from the British-staffed [[Ewing Christian College]].<ref name=fare1/> |
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==Family and career== |
==Family and career== |
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In 1930, the wing of Congress Freedom fighters, the ''Vanar Sena'' was formed. Feroze met [[Kamala Nehru]] and [[Indira |
In 1930, the wing of Congress Freedom fighters, the ''Vanar Sena'' was formed. Feroze met [[Kamala Nehru]] and [[Indira Khan|Indira]] among the women demonstrators picketing outside Ewing Christian College. Kamala fainted with the heat of the sun and Feroze went to comfort her. The next day, he abandoned his studies in 1930 to join the [[Indian independence movement]]. Being inspired by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Feroze changed the spelling of his surname from "Ghandy" to "Gandhi" after joining the Independence movement.{{efn|Thus, he was not related to [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>Lyon, Peter (2008) ''[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vLwOck15eboC&pg=PA64 Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia]''. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 64. {{ISBN|978-1576077122}}. "Feroze Khan was no relation of Mahatma Gandhi."</ref>}}<ref name=Guha/><ref name="Ghandy">{{cite book|title=Idea Exchange: Opinion Makers, Critical Issues, Interesting Times|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mkjhctAvaRAC&pg=PA87|last=Vishnu|first=Uma|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2010|location=|pages=|quote=|via=|ISBN=0670084891|p=87}} |
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</ref> He was imprisoned in 1930, along with [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] (the 2nd Prime Minister of India), head of Allahabad District Congress Committee, and lodged in [[Faizabad]] Jail for nineteen months. Soon after his release, he was involved with the agrarian no-rent campaign in the [[United Province]] (now Uttar Pradesh) and was imprisoned twice, in 1932 and 1933, while working closely with Nehru.<ref name=fare1/> |
</ref> He was imprisoned in 1930, along with [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] (the 2nd Prime Minister of India), head of Allahabad District Congress Committee, and lodged in [[Faizabad]] Jail for nineteen months. Soon after his release, he was involved with the agrarian no-rent campaign in the [[United Province]] (now Uttar Pradesh) and was imprisoned twice, in 1932 and 1933, while working closely with Nehru.<ref name=fare1/> |
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[[File:The marriage ceremony of Feroze |
[[File:The marriage ceremony of Feroze Khan and Indira Khan, March 26, 1942 at Anand Bhawan, Allahabad.jpg|thumb| The marriage ceremony of Feroze Khan, and Indira Nehru at Anand Bhavan, on 26 March 1942. In 1984, a photograph of the wedding was used in court to show that the ceremony followed [[Hindu]], and not [[Parsi]], rituals.<ref name="new"/>]] |
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Feroze first proposed to Indira in 1933, but she and her mother rejected it, putting forward that she was too young, only 16.<ref name=fare1>{{cite book |author=Frank, Katherine|title=Indira: The life of Indira Nehru |
Feroze first proposed to Indira in 1933, but she and her mother rejected it, putting forward that she was too young, only 16.<ref name=fare1>{{cite book |author=Frank, Katherine|title=Indira: The life of Indira Nehru Khan|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co.|year=2002|isbn=0-395-73097-X}}</ref> He grew close to the Nehru family, especially to Indira's mother [[Kamala Nehru]], accompanying her to the TB Sanatorium at [[Bhowali]] in 1934, helping arrange her trip to Europe when her condition worsened in April 1935, and visiting her at the sanitarium at Badenweiler and finally at Lausanne, where he was at her bedside when she died on 28 February 1936.<ref name=fare2>{{cite book|author=Frank, Katherine|title=Indira: The life of Indira Nehru Khan |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co.|year=2002|isbn=0-395-73097-X}}</ref> In the following years, Indira and Feroze grew closer to each other while in England. They married in March 1942 according to [[Hindu]] rituals.<ref name="new">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/02/world/around-the-world-mrs-Khan-not-hindu-daughter-in-law-says.html|title=Mrs. Khan Not Hindu, Daughter-in-Law Says|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=29 March 2009|date=2 May 1984}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The wonder of Indira|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?211281|publisher=outlook}}</ref> |
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[[File:Feroze and Indira |
[[File:Feroze and Indira Khan.JPG|150px|thumb|Portrait of Feroze and [[Indira Khan]]]] |
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Indira's father [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] opposed her marriage and approached Mahatma Gandhi to dissuade the young couple, but to no avail. The couple were arrested and jailed in August 1942, during the [[Quit India Movement]] less than six months after their marriage. He was imprisoned for a year in Allahabad's [[Naini Central Prison]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=OOmK1lPWq80C&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira |
Indira's father [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] opposed her marriage and approached Mahatma Gandhi to dissuade the young couple, but to no avail. The couple were arrested and jailed in August 1942, during the [[Quit India Movement]] less than six months after their marriage. He was imprisoned for a year in Allahabad's [[Naini Central Prison]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=OOmK1lPWq80C&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Khan|last=Gupte|first=Pranay|date=2012-02-15|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=|isbn=9780143068266|location=|pages=189–205|language=en}}</ref> The coming five years were of comfortable domestic life and the couple had two sons, Rajiv and Sanjay, born in 1944 and 1946 respectively. |
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After independence, Jawaharlal became the first [[Prime Minister of India]]. Feroze and Indira settled in Allahabad with their two young children, and Feroze became [[Managing Director]] of ''[[The National Herald (India)|The National Herald]]'', a newspaper founded by his father-in-law. |
After independence, Jawaharlal became the first [[Prime Minister of India]]. Feroze and Indira settled in Allahabad with their two young children, and Feroze became [[Managing Director]] of ''[[The National Herald (India)|The National Herald]]'', a newspaper founded by his father-in-law. |
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After being a member of the provincial parliament (1950–1952), Feroze won independent India's first general elections in 1952, from [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]] constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Indira came down from Delhi and worked as his campaign organizer. Feroze soon became a prominent force in his own right, criticizing the government of his father-in-law and beginning a fight against corruption. |
After being a member of the provincial parliament (1950–1952), Feroze won independent India's first general elections in 1952, from [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]] constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Indira came down from Delhi and worked as his campaign organizer. Feroze soon became a prominent force in his own right, criticizing the government of his father-in-law and beginning a fight against corruption. |
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In the years after independence, many Indian business houses had become close to the political leaders, and now some of them started various financial irregularities. In a case exposed by Feroze in December 1955,<ref name=book>{{cite book|title=Feroze Gandhy: A political Biography|author=Shashi Bhushan, M.P.|publisher=Progressive People's Sector Publications, New Delhi|year=1977}} pp.166, 179. See these [http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/~amit/books/bhushan-1977-feroze- |
In the years after independence, many Indian business houses had become close to the political leaders, and now some of them started various financial irregularities. In a case exposed by Feroze in December 1955,<ref name=book>{{cite book|title=Feroze Gandhy: A political Biography|author=Shashi Bhushan, M.P.|publisher=Progressive People's Sector Publications, New Delhi|year=1977}} pp.166, 179. See these [http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/~amit/books/bhushan-1977-feroze-Khan-political.html excerpts]</ref> he revealed how [[Ram Kishan Dalmia]], as chairman of a bank and an insurance company, used these companies to fund his takeover of [[Bennett and Coleman]] |
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and started transferring money illegally from [[public company|publicly held]] companies for personal benefit. |
and started transferring money illegally from [[public company|publicly held]] companies for personal benefit. |
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==Death and legacy== |
==Death and legacy== |
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Feroze suffered a heart attack in 1958. Indira, who stayed with her father at [[Teen Murti House]], the official residence of the prime minister, was at that time away on a state visit to [[Bhutan]]. She returned to look after him in [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.samaylive.com/news/indira- |
Feroze suffered a heart attack in 1958. Indira, who stayed with her father at [[Teen Murti House]], the official residence of the prime minister, was at that time away on a state visit to [[Bhutan]]. She returned to look after him in [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.samaylive.com/news/indira-Khan's-courage-was-an-inspiration/666400.html|title=Indira Khan's courage was an inspiration|publisher=Samay Live|date=7 November 2009}}</ref> Feroze died in 1960 at the [[Willingdon Hospital]], Delhi, after suffering a second heart attack. He was cremated and his ashes interred at the Parsi cemetery in [[Allahabad]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Kapoor, Comi |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/old/ie/daily/19980210/04150074.html |title=Dynasty keeps away from Feroze Gandhy's neglected tombstone |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |date=10 February 1998 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516145658/http://www.indianexpress.com/old/ie/daily/19980210/04150074.html |archivedate=16 May 2010 }}</ref> |
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His [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency]] seat was held by his daughter-in-law, and wife of Rajiv |
His [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency]] seat was held by his daughter-in-law, and wife of Rajiv Khan, [[Sonia Khan]] in 2004, in 2009, and presently in 2014. |
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A school of higher education that he helped found was named after him in Rae Bareli.<ref> |
A school of higher education that he helped found was named after him in Rae Bareli.<ref> |
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Feroze |
Feroze Khan College; http://fgc.edu.in</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Feroze |
{{Commons category|Feroze Khan}} |
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* [http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/10/20/stories/2002102000110500.htm "A Forgotten Patriot"], from ''[[The Hindu]]'' |
* [http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/10/20/stories/2002102000110500.htm "A Forgotten Patriot"], from ''[[The Hindu]]'' |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Feroze}} |
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[[Category:1912 births]] |
[[Category:1912 births]] |
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[[Category:1960 deaths]] |
[[Category:1960 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Indian male journalists]] |
[[Category:Indian male journalists]] |
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[[Category:Parsi people]] |
[[Category:Parsi people]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Nehru–Khan family]] |
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[[Category:Indian Zoroastrians]] |
[[Category:Indian Zoroastrians]] |
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[[Category:People from Allahabad]] |
[[Category:People from Allahabad]] |
Revision as of 09:57, 19 August 2017
Feroze Khan | |
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File:Feroze Khan.jpg | |
Member of the Indian Parliament for Pratapgarh District (west)-Rae Bareli District (east)[1] | |
In office 17 April 1952 – 4 April 1957 | |
Member of the Indian Parliament for Rae Bareli[2] | |
In office 5 May 1952 – 8 September 1960 | |
Succeeded by | Baij Nath Kureel |
Personal details | |
Born | Feroze Jehangir Ghandy[3] 12 September 1912 Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India (now Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) |
Died | 8 September 1960 New Delhi, India | (aged 47)
Resting place | Parsi cemetery, Allahabad |
Political party | Indian National Congress |
Spouse | |
Relations | See Nehru–Khan family |
Children | Rajiv Khan Sanjay Khan |
Feroze Khan (born Feroze Jehangir Ghandy;[3] 12 September 1912 – 8 September 1960) was an Indian politician and journalist. He served as the publisher of The National Herald and The Navjivan newspapers from Lucknow. He was the husband of Indira Khan and the son-in-law to Jawaharlal Nehru.
In 1942 he married Indira Nehru (later Prime Minister of India) and they had two sons, Rajiv and Sanjay and thus became part of the Nehru-Khanfamily. His elder son, Rajiv, later also went on to become the Prime Minister of India.[4] He became a member of the provincial parliament (1950–1952), and later a member of the Lok Sabha, the Lower House of India's parliament.
Early life
Born as Feroze Jehangir Ghandy[3] to a Parsi family at the Tehmulji Nariman Hospital situated in Fort, Bombay, his parents, Faredoon Jehangir Ghandy and Ratimai (formerly Ratimai Commissariat), lived in Nauroji Natakwala Bhawan in Khetwadi Mohalla in Bombay.[5] His father Jehangir was a Marine Engineer in Killick Nixon and was later promoted as a Warrant Engineer.[6] Feroze was the youngest of the five children with two brothers Dorab and Faridun Jehangir,[7][8] and two sisters, Tehmina Kershashp and Aloo Dastur. The family had migrated to Bombay from Bharuch in South Gujarat where their ancestral home, which belonged to his grandfather, still exists in Kotpariwad.[9]
In the early 1920s, after the death of his father, Feroze and his mother moved to Allahabad to live with his unmarried maternal aunt, Shirin Commissariat, a surgeon at the city's Lady Dufferin Hospital (Biographer Katherine Frank has speculated that Feroze was in fact the biological son of Shirin Commissariat.[10]) He attended the Vidya Mandir High School and then graduated from the British-staffed Ewing Christian College.[6]
Family and career
In 1930, the wing of Congress Freedom fighters, the Vanar Sena was formed. Feroze met Kamala Nehru and Indira among the women demonstrators picketing outside Ewing Christian College. Kamala fainted with the heat of the sun and Feroze went to comfort her. The next day, he abandoned his studies in 1930 to join the Indian independence movement. Being inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, Feroze changed the spelling of his surname from "Ghandy" to "Gandhi" after joining the Independence movement.[a][3][12] He was imprisoned in 1930, along with Lal Bahadur Shastri (the 2nd Prime Minister of India), head of Allahabad District Congress Committee, and lodged in Faizabad Jail for nineteen months. Soon after his release, he was involved with the agrarian no-rent campaign in the United Province (now Uttar Pradesh) and was imprisoned twice, in 1932 and 1933, while working closely with Nehru.[6]
Feroze first proposed to Indira in 1933, but she and her mother rejected it, putting forward that she was too young, only 16.[6] He grew close to the Nehru family, especially to Indira's mother Kamala Nehru, accompanying her to the TB Sanatorium at Bhowali in 1934, helping arrange her trip to Europe when her condition worsened in April 1935, and visiting her at the sanitarium at Badenweiler and finally at Lausanne, where he was at her bedside when she died on 28 February 1936.[14] In the following years, Indira and Feroze grew closer to each other while in England. They married in March 1942 according to Hindu rituals.[13][15]
Indira's father Jawaharlal Nehru opposed her marriage and approached Mahatma Gandhi to dissuade the young couple, but to no avail. The couple were arrested and jailed in August 1942, during the Quit India Movement less than six months after their marriage. He was imprisoned for a year in Allahabad's Naini Central Prison.[16] The coming five years were of comfortable domestic life and the couple had two sons, Rajiv and Sanjay, born in 1944 and 1946 respectively.
After independence, Jawaharlal became the first Prime Minister of India. Feroze and Indira settled in Allahabad with their two young children, and Feroze became Managing Director of The National Herald, a newspaper founded by his father-in-law.
After being a member of the provincial parliament (1950–1952), Feroze won independent India's first general elections in 1952, from Rae Bareli constituency in Uttar Pradesh. Indira came down from Delhi and worked as his campaign organizer. Feroze soon became a prominent force in his own right, criticizing the government of his father-in-law and beginning a fight against corruption.
In the years after independence, many Indian business houses had become close to the political leaders, and now some of them started various financial irregularities. In a case exposed by Feroze in December 1955,[17] he revealed how Ram Kishan Dalmia, as chairman of a bank and an insurance company, used these companies to fund his takeover of Bennett and Coleman and started transferring money illegally from publicly held companies for personal benefit.
In 1957, he was re-elected from Rae Bareli. In the parliament in 1958, he raised the Haridas Mundhra scandal involving the government controlled LIC insurance company. This was a huge embarrassment to the clean image of Nehru's government and eventually led to the resignation of the Finance Minister T.T. Krishnamachari. His rift with Indira had also become public knowledge by then, and added to the media interest in the matter.
Feroze also initiated a number of nationalization drives, starting with the Life Insurance Corporation. At one point he also suggested that Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) be nationalized since they were charging nearly double the price of a Japanese railway engine. This raised a stir in the Parsi community since the Tatas were also Parsi. He continued challenging the government on a number of other issues, and emerged as a parliamentarian well-respected on both sides of the bench.[17]
Death and legacy
Feroze suffered a heart attack in 1958. Indira, who stayed with her father at Teen Murti House, the official residence of the prime minister, was at that time away on a state visit to Bhutan. She returned to look after him in Kashmir.[18] Feroze died in 1960 at the Willingdon Hospital, Delhi, after suffering a second heart attack. He was cremated and his ashes interred at the Parsi cemetery in Allahabad.[19]
His Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency seat was held by his daughter-in-law, and wife of Rajiv Khan, Sonia Khan in 2004, in 2009, and presently in 2014.
A school of higher education that he helped found was named after him in Rae Bareli.[20]
Notes
- ^ Thus, he was not related to Mahatma Gandhi.[11]
References
- ^ "Biographical Sketch of First Lok Sabha". Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ "Biographical Sketch of Second Lok Sabha". Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 18 May 2006. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ a b c d Guha, Ramachandra (2011). India after Khan: The History of the World's Largest Democracy. Pan Macmillan. p. 1958. ISBN 0330540203.
- ^ A forgotten patriot: Feroze Khan made a mark in politics at a comparatively young age.. The Hindu, 20 October 2002.
- ^ Shashi Bhushan (2008). Feroze Khan. Frank Bros. & Co. p. 8. ISBN 978-81-8409-494-7.
- ^ a b c d Frank, Katherine (2002). Indira: The life of Indira Nehru Khan. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-395-73097-X.
- ^ "Sonia assures help for father-in-law's grave". Indian Express. 21 November 2005. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "This Mrs Khan only wants her pension". Indian Express. 28 September 2005. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Minhaz Merchant (1991). Rajiv Gandhi, the end of a dream. Viking.
- ^ Frank, Katherine (2010). Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Khan. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 93. ISBN 978-0395730973.
Why, then, did she take full responsibility of her young nephew? Possibly because Feroze was actually her own child
- ^ Lyon, Peter (2008) Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 64. ISBN 978-1576077122. "Feroze Khan was no relation of Mahatma Gandhi."
- ^ Vishnu, Uma (2010). Idea Exchange: Opinion Makers, Critical Issues, Interesting Times. Penguin Books India. p. 87. ISBN 0670084891.
- ^ a b "Mrs. Khan Not Hindu, Daughter-in-Law Says". New York Times. 2 May 1984. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
- ^ Frank, Katherine (2002). Indira: The life of Indira Nehru Khan. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-395-73097-X.
- ^ "The wonder of Indira". outlook.
- ^ Gupte, Pranay (15 February 2012). Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Khan. Penguin Books India. pp. 189–205. ISBN 9780143068266.
- ^ a b Shashi Bhushan, M.P. (1977). Feroze Gandhy: A political Biography. Progressive People's Sector Publications, New Delhi. pp.166, 179. See these excerpts
- ^ "Indira Khan's courage was an inspiration". Samay Live. 7 November 2009.
- ^ Kapoor, Comi (10 February 1998). "Dynasty keeps away from Feroze Gandhy's neglected tombstone". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 16 May 2010.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Feroze Khan College; http://fgc.edu.in
External links
- Use dmy dates from January 2013
- 1912 births
- 1960 deaths
- Alumni of the London School of Economics
- Indian newspaper editors
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