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this is a test, *wolves intro plays*{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}}
== History ==
Wearable technology is related to both [[ubiquitous computing]] and the history and development of [[wearable computers]]. Wearables make technology pervasive by interweaving it into daily life. Through the history and development of wearable computing, pioneers have attempted to enhance or extend the functionality of clothing, or to create wearables as accessories able to provide users with [[sousveillance]]—the recording of an activity typically by way of small wearable or portable personal technologies. Tracking information like movement, steps, and heart rate are all part of the [[quantified self]] movement.

The origins of wearable technology are influenced by both of these responses to the vision of ubiquitous computing.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Wearable Computing: A First Step Toward Personal Imaging|url=http://wearcam.org/ieeecomputer/|journal=IEEE Computer|volume=30|number=2}}</ref> One early piece of widely adopted wearable technology was the [[calculator watch]], which was introduced in the 1980s. An even earlier wearable technology was the [[hearing aid]].

In 2004, fashion design label [[CuteCircuit]] unveiled a Bluetooth-connected electronics called the HugShirt at the CyberArt Festival in Bilbao, Spain, where it won the Grand Prize at the festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ciberartfestival.net/premiados.pdf|title=Premiados Ciberart|author=}}</ref> The HugShirt, designed for tele-transmitting touch over distance, differs from previous early wearable technology examples (e.g. watches or the helmet designs of Wearable Computing in the 1990s) because the product is the first wearable technology that took the form of a garment of clothing,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z1PPAwAAQBAJ|title=Garments of Paradise: Wearable Discourse in the Digital Age by Susan Elizabeth Ryan|author=}}</ref> as such it is also marks the first piece of [[BlueTooth|Bluetooth]]-connected and internet-connected clothing. This product was included by [[Time Magazine]] in the "Best Inventions of the Year" special issue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1939342_1939424_1939709,00.html|title=Best Inventions of 2006|author=|date=13 November 2006|work=Time}}</ref>

In 2008, Ilya Fridman incorporated a hidden [[Bluetooth]] microphone into a pair of earrings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.behance.net/gallery/203455/Ripple-Headset|title=Ripple Headset|website=Behance|accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2009/07/and-you-thought-the-jawbone-headset-was-stylish.html|title=And you thought the Jawbone headset was stylish|website=LA Times|accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref> Around the same time, the Spy Tie appeared, a "stylish neck tie with a hidden color camera".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spytechs.com/spy_cameras/tie-camera.htm|title=Tie camera|website=Spytechs|accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref>

A survey conducted by Vanson Bourne in the UK in 2015 found that almost half (56%) of those surveyed said that wearable tech was a fad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wearabletechwatch.net/our-survey-says-something-doesnt-add-up/|title=Our survey says something doesn't add up|date=16 April 2015|work=Wearable Tech Watch}}</ref>

== Modern technologies ==
[[File:Fitbit_Charge_HR.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fitbit_Charge_HR.jpg|right|thumb|The Fitbit, a modern wearable device]]
On April 16, 2013, [[Google]] invited "Glass Explorers" who had pre-ordered its wearable glasses at the 2012 Google I/O conference to pick up their devices. This day marked the official launch of Google Glass, a device intended to deliver rich text and notifications via a heads-up display worn as eyeglasses. The device also had a 5 MP camera and recorded video at 720p.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.google.com/glass/answer/3064128?hl=en&ref_topic=3063354|title=Tech specs|publisher=Google|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> Its various functions were activated via voice command, such as "OK Glass". The company also launched the Google Glass companion app, MyGlass.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://selfscreens.com/archives/1794/google-finally-reveals-glass-specifications-myglass-app-now-live/|title=Google Finally Reveals Glass Specifications, MyGlass App Now Live|website=Self Screens|accessdate=11 August 2013}}</ref> The first third-party Google Glass App came from the ''[[New York Times]]'', which was able to read out articles and news summaries.

However, in early 2015, Google stopped selling the beta "explorer edition" of Glass to the public, after criticism of its design and the $1,500 price tag.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/tony-fadell-releasing-google-glass-explorer-beta-to-public-mistake-2015-7/|title=Google has admitted that releasing Google Glass early may have been a mistake|website=Business Insider|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wearabletechwatch.net/analysis-why-google-killed-glass/|title=Analysis: Why Google killed Glass|last1=Jones|first1=Simon|website=WearableTechWatch|accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref>

While optical head-mounted display technology remains a niche, two popular types of wearable devices have taken off: smartwatches and activity trackers. Back in 2012, [[ABI Research]] forecast that sales of smartwatches would hit 1.2 million in 2013, helped by the high penetration of smartphones in many world markets, the wide availability and low cost of MEMS sensors, energy efficient connectivity technologies such as Bluetooth 4.0, and a flourishing app ecosystem.<ref>[http://www.abiresearch.com/press/more-than-one-million-smart-watches-will-be-shippe More Than One Million Smart Watches will be Shipped in 2013], ABI Research</ref>

[[Crowdfunding]]-backed start-up [[Pebble (watch)|Pebble]] reinvented the smartwatch in 2013, with a campaign running on [[Kickstarter]] that raised more than $10m in funding, and at the end of 2014, Pebble announced it had sold a million devices. In early 2015, Pebble went back to its crowdfunding roots to raise a further $20m for its next-generation smartwatch, Pebble Time, which started shipping in May 2015.

In March 2014, [[Motorola]] unveiled the [[Moto 360]] smartwatch powered by [[Android Wear]], a modified version of the mobile operating system Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://motorola-blog.blogspot.in/2014/03/moto-360-its-time.html|title=Moto 360: It’s Time|website=The Official Motorola Blog|accessdate=18 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.in/2014/03/sharing-whats-up-our-sleeve-android.html|title=Sharing what’s up our sleeve: Android coming to wearables|website=Official Google Blog|accessdate=18 March 2014}}</ref> And finally, following more than a year of speculation, Apple announced its own smartwatch, the [[Apple Watch]], in September 2014.

Wearable technology was a popular topic at the trade show [[Consumer Electronics Show]] in 2014, with the event dubbed "The Wearables, Appliances, Cars and Bendable TVs Show" by industry commentators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/wearable-tech-at-ces-2014-many-many-small-steps/|title=Wearable tech at CES 2014: Many, many small steps|website=CNET|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref> Among numerous wearable products showcased were smartwatches, activity trackers, smart jewelry, head-mounted optical displays and earbuds. Nevertheless, still wearable technologies are suffering from limited battery capacity and there are several research works try to overcome this challenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/22616|title=Energy-Efficient Integration of Continuous Context Sensing and Prediction into Smartwatches|website=Sensors Journal|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref>

One of the most interesting fields of application of wearable technology is monitoring systems for [[assisted living]] and [[eldercare]]. Wearable sensors have indeed a huge potential in generating [[big data]], with a great applicability to biomedicine and ambient assisted living (AAL).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Redmond|first1=SJ|last2=Lovell|first2=NH|last3=Yang|first3=GZ|last4=Horsch|first4=A|last5=Lukowicz|first5=P|last6=Murrugarra|first6=L|last7=Marschollek|first7=M|title=What Does Big Data Mean for Wearable Sensor Systems?|journal=Yearb Med Inform|volume=9|pages=135–42|doi=10.15265/IY-2014-0019|pmc=4287062|pmid=25123733}}</ref> For this reason, researchers are moving their focus from data collection to the development of intelligent algorithms able to provide valuable information by the collected data, using [[data mining]] techniques such as [[statistical classification]] and [[neural networks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/17472/htm|title=Data Mining for Wearable Sensors in Health Monitoring Systems: A Review of Recent Trends and Challenges|website=NCBI|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref>

Wearable technology can also collect biometric data such as heart rate(ECG and HRV), brainwave(EEG), and muscle bio-signals(EMG)from human body to provide valuable information in the field of health care and wellness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdsupra.com/topics/wearable-technology/biometric-information/data-collection/|title=Wearable Technology, Biometric Information, Data Collection {{!}} JD Supra|website=JD Supra|access-date=2016-12-13}}</ref>

Another increasingly popular wearable technology involve virtual reality. VR Headsets exist from a range of manufacturers for computers, consoles, and mobile devices. Recently Google, a tech giant, has released their headset the Google Daydream.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/41253/Singh_d912f5075af50e0812_2008.pdf?sequence=1|title=A survey of mobile and wireless technologies for augmented reality systems|last=Papagiannakis|first=George|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

In July 2014 a smart technology footwear ,in which shoe insoles are connected to a smartphone application that uses [[Google maps]], and vibrate to tell users when and where to turn to reach their destination, was introduced in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]].<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/jaymcgregor/2014/07/25/indias-take-on-google-glass-a-vibrating-smartshoe/|title=India's Take On Google Glass, A Vibrating Smartshoe|last=McGregor|first=Jay|date=25 July 2014|newspaper=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="twsj">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/24/indias-answer-to-google-glass-the-smartshoe/|title=India’s Answer to Google Glass: The Smartshoe|last=Thoppil|first=Dhanya Ann Thoppil|date=24 July 2014|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="xtech">{{cite news|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/186824-the-smartshoe-a-much-more-sensible-approach-to-wearable-computing-than-glass-or-a-smartwatch|title=The smartshoe: A much more sensible approach to wearable computing than Glass or a smartwatch|last=Anthony|first=Sebastian|date=24 July 2014|work=Extreme Tech|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Deccan">{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140727/technology-science-and-trends/article/%E2%80%98smart-shoe%E2%80%99-indian-firm|title=A smart shoe from Indian firm|date=27 July 2014|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref>

== Edits ==
* overhaul history section to address the last 8 years worth of advancements
* in modern technology include both the modern range of smartwatches and cutting edge tech (in the MIT articles)
* add section on growth of wearable technology sector
* find more statistics on growth besides smartwatch

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{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}}

Revision as of 14:24, 19 October 2017

History

Wearable technology is related to both ubiquitous computing and the history and development of wearable computers. Wearables make technology pervasive by interweaving it into daily life. Through the history and development of wearable computing, pioneers have attempted to enhance or extend the functionality of clothing, or to create wearables as accessories able to provide users with sousveillance—the recording of an activity typically by way of small wearable or portable personal technologies. Tracking information like movement, steps, and heart rate are all part of the quantified self movement.

The origins of wearable technology are influenced by both of these responses to the vision of ubiquitous computing.[1] One early piece of widely adopted wearable technology was the calculator watch, which was introduced in the 1980s. An even earlier wearable technology was the hearing aid.

In 2004, fashion design label CuteCircuit unveiled a Bluetooth-connected electronics called the HugShirt at the CyberArt Festival in Bilbao, Spain, where it won the Grand Prize at the festival.[2] The HugShirt, designed for tele-transmitting touch over distance, differs from previous early wearable technology examples (e.g. watches or the helmet designs of Wearable Computing in the 1990s) because the product is the first wearable technology that took the form of a garment of clothing,[3] as such it is also marks the first piece of Bluetooth-connected and internet-connected clothing. This product was included by Time Magazine in the "Best Inventions of the Year" special issue.[4]

In 2008, Ilya Fridman incorporated a hidden Bluetooth microphone into a pair of earrings.[5][6] Around the same time, the Spy Tie appeared, a "stylish neck tie with a hidden color camera".[7]

A survey conducted by Vanson Bourne in the UK in 2015 found that almost half (56%) of those surveyed said that wearable tech was a fad.[8]

Modern technologies

The Fitbit, a modern wearable device

On April 16, 2013, Google invited "Glass Explorers" who had pre-ordered its wearable glasses at the 2012 Google I/O conference to pick up their devices. This day marked the official launch of Google Glass, a device intended to deliver rich text and notifications via a heads-up display worn as eyeglasses. The device also had a 5 MP camera and recorded video at 720p.[9] Its various functions were activated via voice command, such as "OK Glass". The company also launched the Google Glass companion app, MyGlass.[10] The first third-party Google Glass App came from the New York Times, which was able to read out articles and news summaries.

However, in early 2015, Google stopped selling the beta "explorer edition" of Glass to the public, after criticism of its design and the $1,500 price tag.[11][12]

While optical head-mounted display technology remains a niche, two popular types of wearable devices have taken off: smartwatches and activity trackers. Back in 2012, ABI Research forecast that sales of smartwatches would hit 1.2 million in 2013, helped by the high penetration of smartphones in many world markets, the wide availability and low cost of MEMS sensors, energy efficient connectivity technologies such as Bluetooth 4.0, and a flourishing app ecosystem.[13]

Crowdfunding-backed start-up Pebble reinvented the smartwatch in 2013, with a campaign running on Kickstarter that raised more than $10m in funding, and at the end of 2014, Pebble announced it had sold a million devices. In early 2015, Pebble went back to its crowdfunding roots to raise a further $20m for its next-generation smartwatch, Pebble Time, which started shipping in May 2015.

In March 2014, Motorola unveiled the Moto 360 smartwatch powered by Android Wear, a modified version of the mobile operating system Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables.[14][15] And finally, following more than a year of speculation, Apple announced its own smartwatch, the Apple Watch, in September 2014.

Wearable technology was a popular topic at the trade show Consumer Electronics Show in 2014, with the event dubbed "The Wearables, Appliances, Cars and Bendable TVs Show" by industry commentators.[16] Among numerous wearable products showcased were smartwatches, activity trackers, smart jewelry, head-mounted optical displays and earbuds. Nevertheless, still wearable technologies are suffering from limited battery capacity and there are several research works try to overcome this challenge.[17]

One of the most interesting fields of application of wearable technology is monitoring systems for assisted living and eldercare. Wearable sensors have indeed a huge potential in generating big data, with a great applicability to biomedicine and ambient assisted living (AAL).[18] For this reason, researchers are moving their focus from data collection to the development of intelligent algorithms able to provide valuable information by the collected data, using data mining techniques such as statistical classification and neural networks.[19]

Wearable technology can also collect biometric data such as heart rate(ECG and HRV), brainwave(EEG), and muscle bio-signals(EMG)from human body to provide valuable information in the field of health care and wellness.[20]

Another increasingly popular wearable technology involve virtual reality. VR Headsets exist from a range of manufacturers for computers, consoles, and mobile devices. Recently Google, a tech giant, has released their headset the Google Daydream.[21]

In July 2014 a smart technology footwear ,in which shoe insoles are connected to a smartphone application that uses Google maps, and vibrate to tell users when and where to turn to reach their destination, was introduced in Hyderabad, India.[22][23][24][25]

Edits

  • overhaul history section to address the last 8 years worth of advancements
  • in modern technology include both the modern range of smartwatches and cutting edge tech (in the MIT articles)
  • add section on growth of wearable technology sector
  • find more statistics on growth besides smartwatch
  1. ^ "Wearable Computing: A First Step Toward Personal Imaging". IEEE Computer. 30 (2).
  2. ^ "Premiados Ciberart" (PDF).
  3. ^ Garments of Paradise: Wearable Discourse in the Digital Age by Susan Elizabeth Ryan.
  4. ^ "Best Inventions of 2006". Time. 13 November 2006.
  5. ^ "Ripple Headset". Behance. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  6. ^ "And you thought the Jawbone headset was stylish". LA Times. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Tie camera". Spytechs. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  8. ^ "Our survey says something doesn't add up". Wearable Tech Watch. 16 April 2015.
  9. ^ "Tech specs". Google. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  10. ^ "Google Finally Reveals Glass Specifications, MyGlass App Now Live". Self Screens. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  11. ^ "Google has admitted that releasing Google Glass early may have been a mistake". Business Insider. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  12. ^ Jones, Simon. "Analysis: Why Google killed Glass". WearableTechWatch. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  13. ^ More Than One Million Smart Watches will be Shipped in 2013, ABI Research
  14. ^ "Moto 360: It's Time". The Official Motorola Blog. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  15. ^ "Sharing what's up our sleeve: Android coming to wearables". Official Google Blog. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Wearable tech at CES 2014: Many, many small steps". CNET. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  17. ^ "Energy-Efficient Integration of Continuous Context Sensing and Prediction into Smartwatches". Sensors Journal. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  18. ^ Redmond, SJ; Lovell, NH; Yang, GZ; Horsch, A; Lukowicz, P; Murrugarra, L; Marschollek, M. "What Does Big Data Mean for Wearable Sensor Systems?". Yearb Med Inform. 9: 135–42. doi:10.15265/IY-2014-0019. PMC 4287062. PMID 25123733.
  19. ^ "Data Mining for Wearable Sensors in Health Monitoring Systems: A Review of Recent Trends and Challenges". NCBI. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  20. ^ "Wearable Technology, Biometric Information, Data Collection | JD Supra". JD Supra. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  21. ^ Papagiannakis, George. "A survey of mobile and wireless technologies for augmented reality systems" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  22. ^ McGregor, Jay (25 July 2014). "India's Take On Google Glass, A Vibrating Smartshoe". Forbes. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  23. ^ Thoppil, Dhanya Ann Thoppil (24 July 2014). "India's Answer to Google Glass: The Smartshoe". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  24. ^ Anthony, Sebastian (24 July 2014). "The smartshoe: A much more sensible approach to wearable computing than Glass or a smartwatch". Extreme Tech. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  25. ^ "A smart shoe from Indian firm". Deccan Chronicle. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
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