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}}'''Ben Barres''' is a neurobiologist at [[Stanford University|Stanford University.]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/ben-barres?tab=bio|title=Ben Barres' Profile {{!}} Stanford Profiles|website=profiles.stanford.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref> His research career has been dedicated towards unraveling the mysterious behind [[glial cells]] and their interactions with neurons. His studies have revolutionized the way glial cells, particularly mammalian glia, are seen within the realms of developmental biology and clinical contexts. He became the first openly transgender scientist in the [[US National Academy of Sciences]] in 2013.< |
}}'''Ben Barres''' is a neurobiologist at [[Stanford University|Stanford University.]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/ben-barres?tab=bio|title=Ben Barres' Profile {{!}} Stanford Profiles|website=profiles.stanford.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref> His research career has been dedicated towards unraveling the mysterious behind [[glial cells]] and their interactions with neurons. His studies have revolutionized the way glial cells, particularly mammalian glia, are seen within the realms of developmental biology and clinical contexts. He became the first openly transgender scientist in the [[US National Academy of Sciences]] in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://transnews.org/2013/05/11/first-transgender-scientist-selected-for-national-academy-of-science-membership/|title=Neurobiologist Becomes First Transgender Scientist Selected For U.S. National Academy of Science Membership|work=TransNews.org|access-date=2017-11-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Barres has served not only as a successful member of the Stanford faculty, but also as a respected mentor for his students and postdoctoral fellows. |
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== Education == |
== Education == |
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Dr. Barres obtained a BS degree in biology from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], a medical degree (MD) from [[Dartmouth Medical School]], neurology residency training at [[Weill Cornell]], and a doctorate (PhD) in neurobiology from [[Harvard University]].< |
Dr. Barres obtained a BS degree in biology from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], a medical degree (MD) from [[Dartmouth Medical School]], neurology residency training at [[Weill Cornell]], and a doctorate (PhD) in neurobiology from [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2017/sept/the-brain-of-ben-barres|title=The Brain of Ben Barres {{!}} DiscoverMagazine.com|work=Discover Magazine|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref> He did his postdoctoral training at [[University College London]]<nowiki/>under [[Martin Raff]]. |
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== Research == |
== Research == |
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Dr. Barres joined the neurobiology faculty at Stanford University in 1993. Since then his academic appointments have included Professor of Neurobiology, Developmental Biology, Neurology & Neurological Sciences, and (by courtesy) of Ophthalmology. He is also a member the of the Bio-X institute, member of the Child Health Research Institute, a member of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute, and a Faculty Fellow of the Stanford ChEM-H. Dr. Barres was appointed as the Chair of Neurobiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine in 2008 and has served in this position since. |
Dr. Barres joined the neurobiology faculty at Stanford University in 1993. Since then his academic appointments have included Professor of Neurobiology, Developmental Biology, Neurology & Neurological Sciences, and (by courtesy) of Ophthalmology. He is also a member the of the Bio-X institute, member of the Child Health Research Institute, a member of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute, and a Faculty Fellow of the Stanford ChEM-H. Dr. Barres was appointed as the Chair of Neurobiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine in 2008 and has served in this position since. |
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Dr. Barres has authored or co-authored over 160 publications throughout his studies in neuro-biology. His studies have been published in well-known and respected journals such as [[Nature Neuroscience|''Nature'' ''Neuroscience'']] and ''[[Cell (journal)|Cell]]''. < |
Dr. Barres has authored or co-authored over 160 publications throughout his studies in neuro-biology. His studies have been published in well-known and respected journals such as [[Nature Neuroscience|''Nature'' ''Neuroscience'']] and ''[[Cell (journal)|Cell]]''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/ben-barres?tab=publications|title=Ben Barres' Profile {{!}} Stanford Profiles|website=profiles.stanford.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref> |
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His research has involved studying mammalian glial cells of the [[Central nervous system|central nervous system (CNS)]], including the exploration of their function and development. |
His research has involved studying mammalian glial cells of the [[Central nervous system|central nervous system (CNS)]], including the exploration of their function and development. |
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Some of his earliest work included understanding vertebrate nervous system development including how and why many neurons fail to survive shortly after forming connections with their targets. These studies included understanding how this programmed cell death, [[apoptosis]], occurred in such a tremendous scale.< |
Some of his earliest work included understanding vertebrate nervous system development including how and why many neurons fail to survive shortly after forming connections with their targets. These studies included understanding how this programmed cell death, [[apoptosis]], occurred in such a tremendous scale.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raff|first=M. C.|last2=Barres|first2=B. A.|last3=Burne|first3=J. F.|last4=Coles|first4=H. S.|last5=Ishizaki|first5=Y.|last6=Jacobson|first6=M. D.|date=1993-10-29|title=Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival: lessons from the nervous system|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235590|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|volume=262|issue=5134|pages=695–700|issn=0036-8075|pmid=8235590}}</ref> Additionally, he also studied processes such as the prerequisites for and consequences of axon [[Myelin|myelination]], and the interactions of various signaling molecules such as [[Thyroid hormones|thyroid-hormone]] and [[retinoic acid]] within the formation of glial cells including [[Oligodendrocyte|oligodendrocytes]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meyer-Franke|first=A.|last2=Barres|first2=B.|date=1994-09-01|title=Axon myelination. Myelination without myelin-associated glycoprotein|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7529638|journal=Current biology: CB|volume=4|issue=9|pages=847–850|issn=0960-9822|pmid=7529638}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barres|first=B. A.|last2=Lazar|first2=M. A.|last3=Raff|first3=M. C.|date=May 1994|title=A novel role for thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid in timing oligodendrocyte development|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8026323|journal=Development (Cambridge, England)|volume=120|issue=5|pages=1097–1108|issn=0950-1991|pmid=8026323}}</ref> |
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Near the turn of the 21st century he continued his studies of glial cells including understanding the mechanisms behind their ability to generate new neurons. Barres also has studied control of synapses by glia, and the differentiation of [[Astrocyte|astrocytes]] by [[Endothelium|endothelial cells]]. He also investigated the role of the protein [[ID2|Id2]] in the control of oligodendrocyte development, primarily by allowing these glia to differentiate at properly regulated times and that removing this protein led to premature oligodendrocyte maturation. |
Near the turn of the 21st century he continued his studies of glial cells including understanding the mechanisms behind their ability to generate new neurons. Barres also has studied control of synapses by glia, and the differentiation of [[Astrocyte|astrocytes]] by [[Endothelium|endothelial cells]]. He also investigated the role of the protein [[ID2|Id2]] in the control of oligodendrocyte development, primarily by allowing these glia to differentiate at properly regulated times and that removing this protein led to premature oligodendrocyte maturation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=S.|last2=Sdrulla|first2=A.|last3=Johnson|first3=J. E.|last4=Yokota|first4=Y.|last5=Barres|first5=B. A.|date=March 2001|title=A role for the helix-loop-helix protein Id2 in the control of oligodendrocyte development|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11301021|journal=Neuron|volume=29|issue=3|pages=603–614|issn=0896-6273|pmid=11301021}}</ref> |
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These early investigations allowed Barres to begin to make a name for himself as a pioneer in the studies of glial cells and their importance. Barres discovered early in his time at Stanford just how vital glial cells are in the formation, development, maturation, and regeneration of neurons. Additionally he was able determined glial cells' role in their ability to go beyond nurturing neurons, rather destroying them instead. His lab has also discovered and developed methods for the purification and culturing of retinal ganglion cells and the glial cells in which they interact, including the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes of the optic nerve. |
These early investigations allowed Barres to begin to make a name for himself as a pioneer in the studies of glial cells and their importance. Barres discovered early in his time at Stanford just how vital glial cells are in the formation, development, maturation, and regeneration of neurons. Additionally he was able determined glial cells' role in their ability to go beyond nurturing neurons, rather destroying them instead. His lab has also discovered and developed methods for the purification and culturing of retinal ganglion cells and the glial cells in which they interact, including the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes of the optic nerve. |
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In recent years, Dr. Barres's research has focused on using techniques such as immunopanning, [[Immunohistochemistry|immunohisochemistry]], tissue culturing and patch clamping in order to: 1) Understand the cell to cell interactions in the developmental regulation of nodes of [[Node of Ranvier|Ranvier]] and myelin sheaths. 2) to what extent glial cells play a role in synapse formation and function of synapses. 3) the determination of signals that promote retinal ganglia growth and survival, and how such knowledge of these signals could be regenerated post-trauma. 4) the functions and developmental mechanisms of gray matter astrocytes. In these objectives, the Barres Lab has discovered quite a number of novel glial signals for the induction of myelination, axonal sodium channel clustering, and synapse formation processes. Additionally, his lab his continuing to characterize these processes and the exact identity of these novel signals. |
In recent years, Dr. Barres's research has focused on using techniques such as immunopanning, [[Immunohistochemistry|immunohisochemistry]], tissue culturing and patch clamping in order to: 1) Understand the cell to cell interactions in the developmental regulation of nodes of [[Node of Ranvier|Ranvier]] and myelin sheaths. 2) to what extent glial cells play a role in synapse formation and function of synapses. 3) the determination of signals that promote retinal ganglia growth and survival, and how such knowledge of these signals could be regenerated post-trauma. 4) the functions and developmental mechanisms of gray matter astrocytes. In these objectives, the Barres Lab has discovered quite a number of novel glial signals for the induction of myelination, axonal sodium channel clustering, and synapse formation processes. Additionally, his lab his continuing to characterize these processes and the exact identity of these novel signals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/ben-barres?tab=research-and-scholarship|title=Ben Barres' Profile {{!}} Stanford Profiles|website=profiles.stanford.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref> |
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== Experience of sexism == |
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== Awards and honors == |
== Awards and honors == |
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Revision as of 21:02, 28 November 2017
Ben A. Barres | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1955 (age 68–69) |
| Nationality | US |
| Citizenship | US |
| Alma mater | M.I.T. (BS) Dartmouth College (MD) Harvard Medical School (PhD) |
| Known for | Neuroscience Gender discrimination |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Neurobiology |
| Institutions | Stanford University |
| Doctoral advisor | David Corey |
| Website | med |
Ben Barres is a neurobiologist at Stanford University. [1] His research career has been dedicated towards unraveling the mysterious behind glial cells and their interactions with neurons. His studies have revolutionized the way glial cells, particularly mammalian glia, are seen within the realms of developmental biology and clinical contexts. He became the first openly transgender scientist in the US National Academy of Sciences in 2013.[2] Barres has served not only as a successful member of the Stanford faculty, but also as a respected mentor for his students and postdoctoral fellows.
Education
Dr. Barres obtained a BS degree in biology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a medical degree (MD) from Dartmouth Medical School, neurology residency training at Weill Cornell, and a doctorate (PhD) in neurobiology from Harvard University.[3] He did his postdoctoral training at University College Londonunder Martin Raff.
Research
Dr. Barres joined the neurobiology faculty at Stanford University in 1993. Since then his academic appointments have included Professor of Neurobiology, Developmental Biology, Neurology & Neurological Sciences, and (by courtesy) of Ophthalmology. He is also a member the of the Bio-X institute, member of the Child Health Research Institute, a member of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute, and a Faculty Fellow of the Stanford ChEM-H. Dr. Barres was appointed as the Chair of Neurobiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine in 2008 and has served in this position since.
Dr. Barres has authored or co-authored over 160 publications throughout his studies in neuro-biology. His studies have been published in well-known and respected journals such as Nature Neuroscience and Cell. [4]
His research has involved studying mammalian glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the exploration of their function and development.
Some of his earliest work included understanding vertebrate nervous system development including how and why many neurons fail to survive shortly after forming connections with their targets. These studies included understanding how this programmed cell death, apoptosis, occurred in such a tremendous scale.[5] Additionally, he also studied processes such as the prerequisites for and consequences of axon myelination, and the interactions of various signaling molecules such as thyroid-hormone and retinoic acid within the formation of glial cells including oligodendrocytes.[6][7]
Near the turn of the 21st century he continued his studies of glial cells including understanding the mechanisms behind their ability to generate new neurons. Barres also has studied control of synapses by glia, and the differentiation of astrocytes by endothelial cells. He also investigated the role of the protein Id2 in the control of oligodendrocyte development, primarily by allowing these glia to differentiate at properly regulated times and that removing this protein led to premature oligodendrocyte maturation.[8]
These early investigations allowed Barres to begin to make a name for himself as a pioneer in the studies of glial cells and their importance. Barres discovered early in his time at Stanford just how vital glial cells are in the formation, development, maturation, and regeneration of neurons. Additionally he was able determined glial cells' role in their ability to go beyond nurturing neurons, rather destroying them instead. His lab has also discovered and developed methods for the purification and culturing of retinal ganglion cells and the glial cells in which they interact, including the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes of the optic nerve.
In recent years, Dr. Barres's research has focused on using techniques such as immunopanning, immunohisochemistry, tissue culturing and patch clamping in order to: 1) Understand the cell to cell interactions in the developmental regulation of nodes of Ranvier and myelin sheaths. 2) to what extent glial cells play a role in synapse formation and function of synapses. 3) the determination of signals that promote retinal ganglia growth and survival, and how such knowledge of these signals could be regenerated post-trauma. 4) the functions and developmental mechanisms of gray matter astrocytes. In these objectives, the Barres Lab has discovered quite a number of novel glial signals for the induction of myelination, axonal sodium channel clustering, and synapse formation processes. Additionally, his lab his continuing to characterize these processes and the exact identity of these novel signals.[9]
Awards and honors
Bibliography
References
- ^ "Ben Barres' Profile | Stanford Profiles". profiles.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
- ^ "Neurobiologist Becomes First Transgender Scientist Selected For U.S. National Academy of Science Membership". TransNews.org. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
- ^ "The Brain of Ben Barres | DiscoverMagazine.com". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
- ^ "Ben Barres' Profile | Stanford Profiles". profiles.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
- ^ Raff, M. C.; Barres, B. A.; Burne, J. F.; Coles, H. S.; Ishizaki, Y.; Jacobson, M. D. (1993-10-29). "Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival: lessons from the nervous system". Science (New York, N.Y.). 262 (5134): 695–700. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8235590.
- ^ Meyer-Franke, A.; Barres, B. (1994-09-01). "Axon myelination. Myelination without myelin-associated glycoprotein". Current biology: CB. 4 (9): 847–850. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 7529638.
- ^ Barres, B. A.; Lazar, M. A.; Raff, M. C. (May 1994). "A novel role for thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid in timing oligodendrocyte development". Development (Cambridge, England). 120 (5): 1097–1108. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 8026323.
- ^ Wang, S.; Sdrulla, A.; Johnson, J. E.; Yokota, Y.; Barres, B. A. (March 2001). "A role for the helix-loop-helix protein Id2 in the control of oligodendrocyte development". Neuron. 29 (3): 603–614. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 11301021.
- ^ "Ben Barres' Profile | Stanford Profiles". profiles.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
External links
- Official website
- "Some Reflections on the Dearth of Women in Science" (Video). Talk. Fong Auditorium, Boylston Hall, Harvard. Mar 17, 2008.
- "Ben Barres". Web of Stories.
Tells his life story
- "How to Pick a Graduate Advisor" (Video). iBiology magazine. 2014.
Ben Barres gives advice on how to pick a graduate advisor. He strongly suggests picking an advisor who is not only a good scientist, but also a good mentor. In this talk, he describes a mentor's qualities and attributes, and gives suggestions on how to identify an advisor who will be a good mentor.