Saint Kitts Creole

Saint Kitts Creole
Native to	Saint Kitts and Nevis
Native speakers	(undated figure of 39,000)
Language family	English Creole Atlantic Eastern Southern Northern Antilles Leeward Caribbean Creole English Saint Kitts Creole
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

Saint Kitts Creole is a dialect of Leeward Caribbean Creole English spoken in Saint Kitts and Nevis by around 40,000 people. Saint Kitts Creole does not have the status of an official language.

Saint Kitts Creole has much the same history as other English Caribbean creoles. Its origin lies in 17th-century enslaved West Africans, who, when brought to the islands to work on sugar plantations, were forced to learn British English quickly because their labour required it. Their English was mixed with West African words and, in some cases, West African language structure. The French, who occupied the island from 1625 to 1713, had only a small impact on the creole spoken today, unlike in the formerly French islands of Dominica and Saint Lucia, which speak a French-based rather than English-based creole.

Saint Kitts Creole today is spoken on the islands of St. Kitts and Nevis (although Nevisians refer to the language as "Nevisian" or "Nevis creole"), mainly in rural areas, and is spoken especially heavily in Capesterre, Christ Church Nichola Town, Cayon, and Nevis. Today's use of the creole involves a higher proportion of Standard English, possibly due to access to foreign media. Usually, only residents in rural areas and Nevis are strong creole users, although mesolectal forms of the language are employed by the majority of the population. Popular Jamaican culture and music have also played a role, as Jamaican idioms are being used more and more in the Saint Kitts creole, as well as throughout the region.

Saint Kitts pronunciation is similar to the pronunciation on the neighbouring islands of Antigua and Montserrat, but with slight differences that are mostly noticeable only to residents of the Leeward Islands.

Pronunciation

Saint Kitts Creole is pronounced similarly to the creoles of neighbouring islands, namely Antigua and Montserrat. Usually only longtime residents in the islands can mark the slight differences. In rural areas and in Nevis, /aʊ/ (as in "house") is usually pronounced [oʊ] (as in "hose").

Grammar

In Saint Kitts Creole, words are rarely pluralized by adding an ending to the word. The word is usually followed by the word dem to indicate the pluralization. e.g. de gyul dem - "the girls". Note that if the Standard English form of the word is not pluralized with an "s", e.g. "children", the plural form of the word in Saint Kitts creole will be the Standard English plural form followed by dem, e.g. children dem.

Questions ending in "is it?" have the "is it" replaced with y be (i bee); e.g. Who is it? - Who y be? What is it? - Wha y be?

Words used to intensify adjectives, such as "very" and "extremely", are rarely used. Instead, the adjective in question is repeated; for example: De gyul look bad bad - "The girl looks very ugly." Alternatively, the phrase "so tail" is placed after the adjective to indicate a strong emphasis or intensification; for example: De gyul look bad so tail - "The girl looks extremely ugly."

A unique aspect of Saint Kitts Creole is to end certain sentences in the speech with the words burdee, poopa or daady buh, the meaning of which vary with context but tend to be used to emphasise the sentence they attach to; for example: Tall poopa - "not at all" (extreme). Hush buhdee - "hush buddy" (used when extremely annoyed).

The word "does" is often traditionally inserted where it would not appear in Standard English sentence structure.

I does only buy taman jam from she. I only buy tamarind jam from her.

Whey yuh does be goin erry mawnin? Where do you go each morning?

I does do dah too. I also do that.

Yuh does guh by dey house? Do you visit their home?

Examples of other linguistic divergences from Standard English are

Ah does buy it. I usually buy it.

Ah did buy it. I bought it.

Ah done buy it. I already bought it. Also can be said as - Ah did buy it arready.

Ah goin buy it. I will buy it.

Ah goin guh buy it. I am on my way to buy it.

Example sentences

Ahwee/Awe a go dung by e fiel by d house go pik nuts. - We are going down to the field by the house to pick peanuts.

Is dey dem pikni does wash dem skin. - There is where the children bathe (their skin).

Unno kno who e tis u a play wit u kno. - You do not know with whom you are messing.

Example words and phrases

Some of the Saint Kitts Creole words listed below are unique, but others are commonly used in or originated from neighbouring islands.

• Coop=spying surreptitiously on someone to try and catch them in some inappropriate act, or to surprise them.
• Baae=A Boo or jeer (also used to describe the action of sticking one's tongue out at another person)
• Bony/Mawgah-Skinny, malnourished
• Dear=expensive
• Duttyfoot/slack=a slut
• Fohwud=(Forward) insolent, rude
• Guh bag yuh face=(Go and bag your face) You are so repulsive that you should cover your face.
• Guh whey yuh goin=get away from me (with the connotation that the person being dismissed wants to go and do their own thing despite the speakers feelings.)
• Howdie=Old time way of saying hello
• Jelly=young coconut; the flesh inside of a young coconut which has a jelly-like consistency
• Jelly water=coconut water
• Jumbie - an undead spirit/ghost.
• Jumbie fyah - a fire that goes down and rises up again due to "jumbie" spirits.
• Jumbie press - the instance in which someone feels that they cannot move while in bed.
• Mi arm, Mi Mudders, Mi Fadder=oh my!
• Mind=take care of e.g. Mind the baby; take heed e.g. Mind what you're doing.
• Moomoo=stupid; a stupid person
• Moosheh=a very light skinned person. Originally used to describe Portuguese descendants who populated a village, located in the hills above western Sandy Point
• Outta place/outta awduh=rude with the connotation of indiscretion and acting inappropriately.
• Pissytail lil boy/girl=a young person, especially one who tries to act older than their age or disrespects those who are older than.
• Poop=pass gas
• Quelbeh=ungodly music
• Ride/riding=sexual intercourse
• Scraab=scratch
• She fass=She is a busybody
• Um/dem=them
• Wha mek= why , how come
• Who yuh fah\who yuh people be?=what family do you come from?
• Win=painful gas trapped inside the stomach or other body parts
• Wukkup=gyrating dance
• Yampi - mucus in the eye, from Igbo ẹnyampi, 'blind'.
• Yuh gaah head=take heed

More commonly used words

O Me Monkeys!= O My!

Ah Geed= Yuck!

Boy Aye!= Aw Man!

Ent it?=Isn't that so

Wha Mek?=How Come

M'ain know=I don't know

Lef Me=Leave me alone

Tek een=Faint/pass out

Ar-you/Awu=You all

Arwee/Awe=Us

Stop play=Stop kidding around

Y'ain hear=I know right

E suit you=Serves you right

In deh, in deh!= Take that

Dem= Them

Dey=They

Traditional Proverbs

Sorry fuh mawgah dawg, mawgah dawg tun roun bite yuh - If you extend your charity to undeserving persons, they will be ungrateful/you will regret it.

Pig bin arkse e mammee wha mek im mout suh lang, e mammee tell im wyait fuh time - When you are older you will understand.

Two man crab cyarn liv een de same hole - you can't have two persons in charge in a small environment.

"Monkey nah wha tree to jump pon" - People know who they can trouble/mess with.

Wise Sayings

1. Fowl wa sleep a roose no hard to ketch. Fowls which sleep in their roost are not hard to catch. Predictable people (who come home at the end of the day) are not difficult to figure out. 2. It tek time to foine ant’s belly. It takes time to find the ant’s belly. Persevere until you accomplish your goal, no matter how difficult it seems. 3. When cat out rat tek ee place. When the cat is out, the rat takes its place. When a superior officer is absent, it is a good time to show your capability (good or bad). 4. Cockroach no got no call in a fowl house. Roaches have no good reason to be in a fowl house. It is dangerous to be in a place where you know your life is in danger. 5. Dog no got no call a blacksmith shop. Dogs have no good reason to be in a blacksmith’s shop. It is foolish to show up for a performance, for which you know you are incapable. 6. A dog never know how big ee be until it swallow bone. A never dog never knows how big it is until it swallows a bone. The worth of a person is measured by how well he or she handles a difficult situation. 7. Sensay fowl say pray fu long life not fu fedder. Sensay fowls (they have few feathers) say pray for long life, not for feathers. Focus on living and achieving, not on wishing for things you don't have and can live without. 8. Wa a joke to de butcher a det to the de animal. What is joke to the butcher is death to the animal. What is just matter-of-fact to one person can have severe consequences for someone else. 9. Wa sweet a goat mout sour a ee bottom. What is sweet in the goat’s mouth, is sour at its bottom. Some things which seem enjoyable at first can have unfortunate results. 10. All monkeys have de same face. All monkeys have the same face (look alike). The consensus is that you are exactly like the people with whom you associate. 11. Sheep nar bring goat. Sheep do not give birth to goats. Parents do not produce children who are entirely different from themselves. 12. Sorry fu ole hog it root dung you house. Sorry for an old hog, it will root down your house. People who should be grateful to you are usually the ones who make problems for you. 13. Monkey say wa dey a you jawbone no you wun. Monkey says that what is your jawbone is not (your own) yours. Even though something is in your possession, if you don’t own it outright, you can still lose it. 14. Every day is fishing day but no every day a catching day. Every day is fishing day, but every day is not a catching day. Put forth effort every day, but don’t expect tangible rewards every day. 15. Two bull cyarn live in de same pen. Two bulls cannot live in the same pen. Only one person can have the lead position; the other must accept a subordinate role. 16. You mingle wid de dog, you get bitten by de fleas. You mingle with the dog, you get bitten by the fleas. You keep bad company, you share their dishonor. 17. Me nar clean grung fuh monkey run pon. I’m not cleaning the ground for monkeys to run on. I am not laying the foundation for the benefit of some undeserving person. 18. Me too big a cat fuh lay kitten fool me. I’m too big a cat to let a kitten fool me. I am mature enough to deal wisely with the younger folk. 19. Wa roll of de hass back fall under ee belly. What rolls off the horse’s back, falls under its belly. Whatever you do now can affect your children later. 20. You never see de fowl bottom till wind blow. You never see the fowl’s bottom until the wind blows. You discover personal details about people when adversity strikes.

https://wanderwisdom.com/travel-destinations/Wise-Sayings-from-Old-Folks-in-Saint-Kitts

See also

• Krio language
• Nigerian Pidgin English