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[[File:Alexander Temerko.png|thumb|Alexander Temerko]]
[[File:Alexander Temerko.png|thumb|Alexander Temerko]]
'''Alexander Temerko''' is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-born British businessman in the energy sector, currently a director of the UK company Aquind Limited, which is responsible for building a power link between the UK and France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aquind.co.uk/|title=AQUIND Interconnector|website=aquind.co.uk|language=en-US|access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> Previously, he was director and Deputy Chairman of the UK-based company OGN Group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ogn-group.com/company/board |title=Board of Directors: OGN Group |access-date=28 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221015013/http://www.ogn-group.com/company/board |archive-date=21 February 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> When in Russia, he held senior posts in the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence Ministry]] in the 1990s and, from 1999, was a senior executive and director at the Russian [[Petroleum industry|oil and gas company]] [[Yukos]]. He has resided in the UK since 2004.<ref name="kommers" /> He became a UK citizen in 2011.<ref name="telegrdining">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/conservative/10591950/43-million-given-to-Conservatives-by-members-of-exclusive-Cameron-dining-club.html £43 million given to Conservatives by members of exclusive Cameron dining club.] ''The Daily Telegraph'', 23 January 2014.</ref>
'''Alexander Temerko''' is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-born British businessman in the energy sector, currently a director of the UK company Aquind Limited, which is responsible for building a power link between the UK and France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aquind.co.uk/|title=AQUIND Interconnector|website=aquind.co.uk|language=en-US|access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> Previously, he was director and Deputy Chairman of the UK-based company OGN Group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ogn-group.com/company/board |title=Board of Directors: OGN Group |access-date=28 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221015013/http://www.ogn-group.com/company/board |archive-date=21 February 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> When in Russia, he held senior posts in the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence Ministry]] in the 1990s and, from 1999, was a senior executive and director at the Russian [[Petroleum industry|oil and gas company]] [[Yukos]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.alexandertemerko.co.uk/en/about/|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Alexander Temerko|language=en-US}}</ref> He has resided in the UK since 2004.<ref name="kommers" /> He became a UK citizen in 2011.<ref name="telegrdining">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/conservative/10591950/43-million-given-to-Conservatives-by-members-of-exclusive-Cameron-dining-club.html £43 million given to Conservatives by members of exclusive Cameron dining club.] ''The Daily Telegraph'', 23 January 2014.</ref>


Temerko is a member and a senior political activist of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|UK Conservative Party]]. He has donated more than £1.3 million to the party.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/17/tory-donor-alexander-temerko-calls-for-russia-report-to-be-published|title=Tory donor Alexander Temerko calls for Russia report to be published|date=17 November 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="telegrdining" /><ref name="reutersquietly" /> He is also a member of the advisory council of the Institute of Economic Affairs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iea.org.uk/advisory-council/|title=Advisory Council|website=Institute of Economic Affairs|language=en-GB|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> In November 2019, he called for the publication of the [[Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament]]′s [[Intelligence and Security Committee Russia report|report ("The Russia report")]] on [[Russian interference in British politics|Russian influence in British politics]]; the report had been suppressed by [[Boris Johnson]]. In connection with the report, Temerko has denied he is a [[Kremlin]] agent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/17/tory-donor-alexander-temerko-calls-for-russia-report-to-be-published|title=Tory donor Alexander Temerko calls for Russia report to be published|last=Harding|first=Luke|author-link=Luke Harding|date=17 November 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 November 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
Temerko is a member and a senior political activist of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|UK Conservative Party]]. He has donated more than £1.3 million to the party.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/17/tory-donor-alexander-temerko-calls-for-russia-report-to-be-published|title=Tory donor Alexander Temerko calls for Russia report to be published|date=17 November 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="telegrdining" /><ref name="reutersquietly" /> He is also a member of the advisory council of the Institute of Economic Affairs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iea.org.uk/advisory-council/|title=Advisory Council|website=Institute of Economic Affairs|language=en-GB|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> In November 2019, he called for the publication of the [[Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament]]′s [[Intelligence and Security Committee Russia report|report ("The Russia report")]] on [[Russian interference in British politics|Russian influence in British politics]]; the report had been suppressed by [[Boris Johnson]]. In connection with the report, Temerko has denied he is a [[Kremlin]] agent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/17/tory-donor-alexander-temerko-calls-for-russia-report-to-be-published|title=Tory donor Alexander Temerko calls for Russia report to be published|last=Harding|first=Luke|author-link=Luke Harding|date=17 November 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 November 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Revision as of 08:17, 18 June 2021

Alexander Temerko

Alexander Temerko is a Soviet-born British businessman in the energy sector, currently a director of the UK company Aquind Limited, which is responsible for building a power link between the UK and France.[1] Previously, he was director and Deputy Chairman of the UK-based company OGN Group.[2] When in Russia, he held senior posts in the Russian Defence Ministry in the 1990s and, from 1999, was a senior executive and director at the Russian oil and gas company Yukos.[3] He has resided in the UK since 2004.[4] He became a UK citizen in 2011.[5]

Temerko is a member and a senior political activist of the UK Conservative Party. He has donated more than £1.3 million to the party.[6][5][7] He is also a member of the advisory council of the Institute of Economic Affairs.[8] In November 2019, he called for the publication of the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament′s report ("The Russia report") on Russian influence in British politics; the report had been suppressed by Boris Johnson. In connection with the report, Temerko has denied he is a Kremlin agent.[9]

Biography

Alexander Viktorovich Temerko was born in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (present-day Ukraine, then a part of the Soviet Union) on 9 September 1966.[10]

In 1987, he graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Machine Building. He also graduated from the Institute of Public Administration in 1999.[11] He began his career in the field of environmental science, initially as the chief engineer of capital construction at the State Committee of the USSR on Environmental Protection, and then as director of the Department of Environmental Protection under the Ministry of Forestry.[12]

During the events preceding the dissolution of the USSR, Temerko became a prominent figure in the team of Boris Yeltsin. From early 1992, he held a series of positions in Russian state agencies under the Defence Ministry in charge of supplies and armaments.[4] From 1999, he held executive positions in the Russian oil company Yukos. In 2003, upon the arrest of Yukos CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Temerko became the company's vice president. He was in charge of interaction with state bodies. He resigned from the post on 15 March 2005.[13][14]

Temerko also served as a Director and Vice Chairman of the Newcastle-based OGN Group, a provider of engineering and construction services in offshore oil and gas and renewable energy companies.[15] Among its clients were Apache, EnQuest, ConocoPhillips and others. The company management publicly called the UK government to support British supply chain in the oil and gas and renewable developments.[16][17] Temerko was a Director of SEL (2010) LIMITED (Company number 03820643)[18] and SLP PRODUCTION LIMITED (Company number 06390883)[19][20]. SEL (2010) LIMITED was dissolved in March 2016 following liquidation by administrators with losses to secured and unsecured creditors. Per the accounts to 30 Jun 2008 (the last filed)[21], the accumulated losses at that point were £21.337m. The parent undertaking of SEL (2010) LIMITED was SLP PRODUCTION LIMITED (the name of which was subsequently changed to OFFSHORE GROUP NEWCASTLE LIMITED ['OGN'], which has now been liquidated) and the ultimate controlling party was stated to be YOLI HOLDINGS incorporated in Cyprus (and now liquidated[22]). Viktor Fedotov was a co-director of SEL (2010) LIMITED and SLP PRODUCTION LIMITED. Lubov Chernukhin was a co-director of SEL (2010) LIMITED.[23]

In 2016, Temerko was appointed as a director at Aquind[24], which is responsible for a $1.4 billion power link between France and the UK,[25][26] with power equivalent to 5% or 3% of British and French consumption respectively.[27] Aquind also plans to lay one of the largest data pipes in Europe alongside it.[28] Fedotov and Temerko are the ultimate owners of Aquind.[29] Both men hold their ownership in Aquind via Luxembourg holding companies.[30] The Guardian reported: "The ultimate source of Aquind’s financial support remains unclear. Aquind’s UK accounts show it has received loans of more than £23m from OGN Enterprises, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands. The owners of OGN are undisclosed."[31]

The junior minister and peer Martin Callanan is a former director of Aquind[32], while fellow House of Lords member James Wharton has disclosed that his consultancy receives fees from Aquind[33].

Flight to London, criminal prosecution and extradition case

See also: Yukos

Temerko fled to London shortly after he was examined by criminal investigators in October 2004.[34] In May 2005, Russian prosecutors charged Temerko with having stolen shares in the oil company Yeniseineftegaz, forgery, and perverting the course of justice.[35]

Russia's bid to have Temerko extradited from the UK failed as Judge Timothy Workman in December 2005 ruled: "I have come to the conclusion that the motivation for the charges against Mr Temerko are inextricably entwined with the motivation for the prosecution of Mr Khodorkovsky. I therefore find that the prosecution of Mr Temerko is politically motivated and the request for his extradition is made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing him on account of his political opinions."[34]

Temerko himself alleged that the motivation of the Russian state's assault on Yukos was president Vladimir Putin's desire to silence those who challenged him politically.[36] The ruling on his extradition case was in line with a dozen other similar cases of former Yukos employees who absconded to the UK.[34]

Views and political activism in the UK

Temerko's views on Russia's economy and the Yukos affair were cited by the Financial Times in the late 2000s.[37][38][39] He himself contributed articles on the Russian oil industry developments to outlets such as The Observer and The Wall Street Journal.[40][41]

Per Reuters: "Temerko won entrée to the top of the Conservative Party during David Cameron’s premiership that began in 2010. At the time, according to Russian financier and Conservative Party activist, Sergei Cristo, the Tories were seeking new sources of cash following the 2008 financial crisis. Temerko paid £90,000 for a bronze bust of Cameron at a fundraising auction in 2013, now displayed at the Carlton Club, an exclusive London private members club....

Temerko’s donations translated into access. In 2014, he was appointed by the local branch of the party as a vice-president of the Cities of London and Westminster Conservative Association, which delivered even greater opportunity to mix with leading Tories. Temerko also became part of Conservative Party donor club The Leader’s Group, where £50,000 in annual membership fees grants access to the prime minister and other senior ministers at dinners, cocktail receptions and other events. In the conversations of the last three years, Temerko boasted he played an important role in securing election victories for the Conservative Party at a time when it “was fighting for every vote.”"[42]

Temerko is a member of Carlton Club, a private member's club in London, where he donated the bust of David Cameron.[43] He also actively supports local Party associations in the North-East England where his company is based.[44][7] He has commented on the impact that developments in politics and business would have on the North-East, in particular regarding the North Sea.[45]

Temerko has been open about his friendship with Boris Johnson, telling how the two men sometimes call each other “Sasha,” the Russian diminutive for Alexander, which is Johnson’s real first name. He described how, at the beginning of Johnson’s tenure as Foreign Secretary from 2016 to 2018, they would often “plot” late into the evening over a bottle of wine on the balcony of Johnson’s office at parliament in Westminster.[46]

Temerko regularly criticizes President Vladimir Putin of Russia and his policies in the media, including over the conflict in Ukraine.[47]

During the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Temerko publicly supported the campaign for Scotland to remain in the United Kingdom. He has publicly voiced his support for Britain to remain in the European Union.[48] After the Referendum, Temerko advocated for a soft Brexit or even a general election, rather than a "no-deal" Brexit.[49] Le Monde quoted Temerko as stating that the most sensible solution for London would be to stop the Brexit process and support the French through reforming the European Union.[50] In August 2019, Temerko suggested that an extension of Article 50 or a second referendum were the only option to avoid the "unfolding travesty" of a no-deal exit on 31 October.[51]

During the 2019 Conservative leadership campaign, Alexander Temerko supported Jeremy Hunt. The Daily Telegraph quoted Temerko as saying that the other leading candidate, and now leader of the Conservative Party, Boris Johnson, remained a "friend", but he was being "held hostage" by the European Research Group of Brexiteer MPs.[52] Temerko was also quoted by the Huffington Post as saying that the choice between Hunt and Johnson was one of "populism" against "professionalism".[53]

He has also commented on the United Kingdom energy policies and advocated for greater support for British manufacturers.[54] Temerko has particularly emphasised the role of interconnectors in the energy market in spite of Brexit proceedings, due to the increased volatility caused by increased reliance on renewable sources. Aquind, where Temerko is a director, is developing one such Anglo-French interconnector.[25]

In July 2019, Temerko was quoted by Reuters, based on a series of interviews with him conducted in the course of three years, as applauding Brexit, endorsing Boris Johnson's bid to lead Britain out of the EU, lauding senior Russian security officials (including the current and former heads of the Federal Security Service such as Nikolai Patrushev), and proudly recalling his past work with Russia's Defence Ministry during the Yeltsin era.[7]

Political donations and concern over influence

Temerko has donated more than £1.3m to the Conservative Party[55], including money given to the constituency associations of several leading Conservative MPs, including the business secretary Alok Sharma, who received £10,000 from Temerko’s energy firm Aquind, and Mark Pritchard (a member of the Intelligence and Security Committee) who received £5,000.[56] Temerko made £25,000 in political donations to James Wharton between 2013 and 2015 (a relatively large figure for an individual British MP) helping fund his re-election in 2015 in a constituency neighbouring Temerko’s OGN Group steel works.[57] Aquind is reported to have donated £243,000 to the Conservative Party.[58][59][60] Per the Bureau of Investigative Journalism: "Aquind ... together with its director Alexander Temerko, has donated to the Tory chancellor Rishi Sunak, business secretary Alok Sharma and Northern Ireland secretary Brandon Lewis".[61][62]

Lubov Chernukhin, a co-director of SEL (2010) LIMITED, has been the subject of considerable challenges as to her donations to the Conservative Party. Chernukhin is the biggest female political donor in UK history, having donated over £2m to the Conservative Party in the period April 2012 to April 2020.[63][64][65][66] Journalist and Russia expert Edward Lucas who writes for The Times, and who gave evidence to the parliamentary inquiry into Russian influence, told the BBC’s Panorama programme: "The Chernukhins, pleasant people that they might be… are not fit and proper people to make donations to a British political party." Lucas said he was "profoundly concerned by the access that, not only Lubov Chernukhin but also other rich Russians have to the heights of the Conservative Party, and to the government".[67]

"The Russia Report" concluded that Russian interference in UK politics is commonplace stating: “Money was also invested in extending patronage and building influence across a wide sphere of the British establishment – PR firms, charities, political interests, academia and cultural institutions were all willing beneficiaries of Russian money, contributing to a ‘reputation laundering’ process. In brief, Russian influence in the UK is ‘the new normal’, and there are a lot of Russians with very close links to Putin who are well integrated into the UK business and social scene, and accepted because of their wealth."[68] The media platform OpenDemocracy has commented on Temerko's contributions to the Conservatives in the context of those of Chernukhin and Lev Mikheev.[69]

The Guardian's Oliver Bullough stated: "They [MPs] have gladly accepted their political donations and patronised their charitable foundations. When journalists and academics pointed out that these murky fortunes could buy influence over our democracy and undermine the rule of law, they were largely dismissed as inconvenient Cassandras warning MPs to beware Russians bearing gifts. ... Over the past decade, £68bn has flowed from Russia into Britain’s offshore satellites such as the British Virgin Islands, Cayman, Gibraltar, Jersey and Guernsey. That’s seven times more money than has flowed directly from Russia into the UK. (On top of that, some £94bn has poured out of Russia into Cyprus, £13bn into Switzerland, and £23bn into the Netherlands, which has its own network of tax havens.) This wealth is not actually in the offshore centres – it is just registered there, which helps to obscure its origins." Per Oliver Bullough, some are "concerned that Vladimir Putin might, through his power over his nation’s super-rich, be able to influence our institutions".[70]

Involvement in lobbying activity that breached donation rules

Conservative Member of Parliament David Morris was found to have broken the paid advocacy rule when he asked a question in the Commons on behalf of Aquind Ltd, a company associated with Temerko, after accepting a £10,000 donation.[71]

Awards

Temerko has received Witte's gold medal "For Thoughts and Deeds", established by the Congress of Russian Business People.[11] He received the medal of "For Merit to the Fatherland" of II degree and the Defender of Free Russia in 1993,[72] and was also formally recognised and thanked by the president of the Russian Federation for his contribution towards ensuring the holding of the 100th conference of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1998.[73]

References

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  2. ^ "Board of Directors: OGN Group". Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
  3. ^ "About". Alexander Temerko. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  4. ^ a b Темерко Александр Викторович. Kommersant, 16 March 2005.
  5. ^ a b £43 million given to Conservatives by members of exclusive Cameron dining club. The Daily Telegraph, 23 January 2014.
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  48. ^ Temerko, Alexander (4 July 2016). "Under Theresa May, the Tories can put national unity first and save the EU from disaster". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  49. ^ Elliott, Francis (20 October 2018). "Election better than no deal Brexit, top donor Alexander Temerko tells No 10". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  50. ^ "Alexander Temerko : « La solution la plus sensée pour Londres serait d'arrêter le processus du Brexit »". Le Monde. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  51. ^ Temerko, Alexander (14 August 2019). "Brexit in a blaze of no-deal glory would leave the climate, consumers and the Tories worse off". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  52. ^ Bennett, Asa (14 June 2019). "Boris Johnson shunned by top Tory donor over his no-deal vow and backs Jeremy Hunt for PM". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  53. ^ Temerko, Alexander (3 July 2019). "Johnson And Hunt: A Choice Between Populism And Professionalism". HuffPost UK. Retrieved 20 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  54. ^ "Business interview: Alexander Temerko of OGN". The Journal.
  55. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/17/tory-donor-alexander-temerko-calls-for-russia-report-to-be-published. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  56. ^ "'Enemy of democracy': Oligarch says Putin wants to harm UK". the Guardian. 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  57. ^ Belton, Catherine. "In British PM race, a former Russian arms tycoon wields influence". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
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  59. ^ "Local authority accuses secretive Russian Tory donor's firm of 'abusing planning laws'". openDemocracy. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  60. ^ O’Neill, Emanuele Midolo, George Greenwood, Tom Parfitt, Sean. "Revealed: Viktor Fedotov is tycoon behind Aquind energy project". ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2021-06-10.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  62. ^ "Major Donor to Britain's Conservative Party Linked to Russian Corruption Scandal – Latest US and World Breaking News". Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  63. ^ "Lubov Chernukhin: Tories' tennis-bidding, record-setting donor". the Guardian. 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  64. ^ "Search - The Electoral Commission". search.electoralcommission.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  65. ^ Moskowitz, Eli. "Wife of Putin Ally Has Now Donated $2.47 Million to U.K. Tory Party". www.occrp.org. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  66. ^ "The UK's Russia Report on the "Londongrad Laundromat"". CounterPunch.org. 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  67. ^ "FinCEN Files: Tory donor Lubov Chernukhin linked to $8m Putin ally funding". BBC News. 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  68. ^ "UK report on Russian interference: key points explained". the Guardian. 2020-07-21. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  69. ^ "Revealed: Russian donors have stepped up Tory funding". openDemocracy. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  70. ^ "How Britain let Russia hide its dirty money". the Guardian. 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  71. ^ "Tory MP David Morris told to apologise for breaching donation rules". BBC News. 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  72. ^ "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 18.03.1993 г. № 365". Президент России (in Russian). Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  73. ^ "Распоряжение Президента РФ от 28.12.1998 N 472-рп". rulaws.ru. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
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