Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg: Difference between revisions
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The son of [[Henry Muhlenberg|Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg]], he was born in [[Trappe, Pennsylvania|Trappe]], [[Pennsylvania]]. He was educated at [[Francke Foundations|Franckesche Stiftungen]]<ref>[http://www.francke-halle.de Franckesche Stiftungen]</ref><ref>[http://192.124.243.55/cgi-bin/gkdb.pl Archiv der Franckeschen] Stiftungen, AFSt/S B I 94, 575-577</ref> in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]] starting in 1763 and in 1769 at the [[University of Halle]]. He returned to Pennsylvania in September 1770 and was ordained as a Lutheran minister. He served first in Pennsylvania and then as a pastor in [[New Jersey]]. He received a Doctor of Divinity degree from [[Princeton University]]. |
The son of [[Henry Muhlenberg|Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg]], he was born in [[Trappe, Pennsylvania|Trappe]], [[Pennsylvania]]. He was educated at [[Francke Foundations|Franckesche Stiftungen]]<ref>[http://www.francke-halle.de Franckesche Stiftungen]</ref><ref>[http://192.124.243.55/cgi-bin/gkdb.pl Archiv der Franckeschen] Stiftungen, AFSt/S B I 94, 575-577</ref> in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]] starting in 1763 and in 1769 at the [[University of Halle]]. He returned to Pennsylvania in September 1770 and was ordained as a Lutheran minister. He served first in Pennsylvania and then as a pastor in [[New Jersey]]. He received a Doctor of Divinity degree from [[Princeton University]]. |
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He married Mary Catherine Hall in 1774, with whom he would go on to have eight children. Despite his family beginning to take root in Philadelphia, Muhlenberg found he had no choice but to flee Philadelphia upon the outbreak of [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] hostilities in the region. Returning to his hometown of Trappe, he took up the study of botany.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Muhlenberg, Henry (1753-1815), Lutheran clergyman and botanist|url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1301192|access-date=2021-07-02|website=American National Biography|language=en|doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1301192}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | He served as the pastor of [[Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Lancaster, Pennsylvania)|Holy Trinity Church]] in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]] from 1780 through 1815.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=957}} In 1787, he was also made the first president of [[Franklin and Marshall College|Franklin College]]. 1779 he retired and devoted himself to the study of [[botany]]. He is best known as a botanist. ''[[Muhlenbergia]]'', a well-known genus of [[grass]]es, was named in his honor. His chief works are ''Catalogus Plantarum Americae Septentrionalis'' (1813) and ''Descriptio Uberior Graminum et Plantarum Calamariarum Americae Septentrionalis Indiginarum et Cicurum'' (1817).{{sfn|Thurston|Moore|1905|p=90}} |
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| ⚫ | He served as the pastor of [[Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Lancaster, Pennsylvania)|Holy Trinity Church]] in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]] from 1780 through 1815.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=957}} In 1785, he was elected as a member to the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=muhlenberg&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-07-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> In 1787, he was also made the first president of [[Franklin and Marshall College|Franklin College]]. 1779 he retired and devoted himself to the study of [[botany]]. He is best known as a botanist. ''[[Muhlenbergia]]'', a well-known genus of [[grass]]es, was named in his honor. His chief works are ''Catalogus Plantarum Americae Septentrionalis'' (1813) and ''Descriptio Uberior Graminum et Plantarum Calamariarum Americae Septentrionalis Indiginarum et Cicurum'' (1817).{{sfn|Thurston|Moore|1905|p=90}} |
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| ⚫ | Muhlenberg discovered and identified the [[bog turtle]] while conducting a survey of plants in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=ij>{{cite news|first=Ad|last=Crable|title=Big threat to a little turtle|url=http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/241955|work=[[Intelligencer Journal]]|date=2009-09-08|access-date=2009-09-15|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130127102726/http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/241955|archive-date=2013-01-27}}</ref> In 1801 the turtle was named ''Clemmys muhlenbergii'' in his honor,<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Muhlenberg", pp. 184-185).</ref> (with a [[common name]] of Muhlenberg's tortoise).<ref name=ij/> However, the species' common name was changed to [[bog turtle]] in 1956,<ref name=ij/> as the practice of naming an organism's common name after individuals became less popular.<ref name=ij/> |
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| ⚫ | Muhlenberg discovered and identified the [[bog turtle]] while conducting a survey of plants in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="ij">{{cite news|first=Ad|last=Crable|title=Big threat to a little turtle|url=http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/241955|work=[[Intelligencer Journal]]|date=2009-09-08|access-date=2009-09-15|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130127102726/http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/241955|archive-date=2013-01-27}}</ref> In 1801 the turtle was named ''Clemmys muhlenbergii'' in his honor,<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Muhlenberg", pp. 184-185).</ref> (with a [[common name]] of Muhlenberg's tortoise).<ref name="ij" /> However, the species' common name was changed to [[bog turtle]] in 1956,<ref name="ij" /> as the practice of naming an organism's common name after individuals became less popular.<ref name="ij" /> |
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In 1815, he suffered a paralytic stroke which hindered his activities. Helped by his daughter, however, Muhlenberg continued his correspondences until the sudden recess of his paralysis. Despite his condition seemingly reversing itself, a final series of strokes took his life not long after.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Muhlenberg is buried in [[Woodward Hill Cemetery]] in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=lancasteronline>{{cite news|first=Jack|last=Brubaker |title=Noted portrait painter Eichholtz deserves grave recognition |url=http://lancasteronline.com/opinion/noted-portrait-painter-eichholtz-deserves-grave-recognition/article_47306e9a-6043-11e4-8ebe-001a4bcf6878.html |work=[[Lancaster Online]] |date=2014-10-31 |access-date=2014-11-08}}</ref> |
Muhlenberg is buried in [[Woodward Hill Cemetery]] in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=lancasteronline>{{cite news|first=Jack|last=Brubaker |title=Noted portrait painter Eichholtz deserves grave recognition |url=http://lancasteronline.com/opinion/noted-portrait-painter-eichholtz-deserves-grave-recognition/article_47306e9a-6043-11e4-8ebe-001a4bcf6878.html |work=[[Lancaster Online]] |date=2014-10-31 |access-date=2014-11-08}}</ref> |
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[[Category:University of Halle alumni]] |
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[[Category:Burials at Woodward Hill Cemetery]] |
[[Category:Burials at Woodward Hill Cemetery]] |
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[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]] |
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Revision as of 15:02, 2 July 2021
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Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (17 November 1753 – 23 May 1815) was an American clergyman and botanist.
Biography
The son of Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg, he was born in Trappe, Pennsylvania. He was educated at Franckesche Stiftungen[1][2] in Halle starting in 1763 and in 1769 at the University of Halle. He returned to Pennsylvania in September 1770 and was ordained as a Lutheran minister. He served first in Pennsylvania and then as a pastor in New Jersey. He received a Doctor of Divinity degree from Princeton University.
He married Mary Catherine Hall in 1774, with whom he would go on to have eight children. Despite his family beginning to take root in Philadelphia, Muhlenberg found he had no choice but to flee Philadelphia upon the outbreak of Revolutionary War hostilities in the region. Returning to his hometown of Trappe, he took up the study of botany.[3]
He served as the pastor of Holy Trinity Church in Lancaster, Pennsylvania from 1780 through 1815.[4] In 1785, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.[5] In 1787, he was also made the first president of Franklin College. 1779 he retired and devoted himself to the study of botany. He is best known as a botanist. Muhlenbergia, a well-known genus of grasses, was named in his honor. His chief works are Catalogus Plantarum Americae Septentrionalis (1813) and Descriptio Uberior Graminum et Plantarum Calamariarum Americae Septentrionalis Indiginarum et Cicurum (1817).[6]
Muhlenberg discovered and identified the bog turtle while conducting a survey of plants in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.[7] In 1801 the turtle was named Clemmys muhlenbergii in his honor,[8] (with a common name of Muhlenberg's tortoise).[7] However, the species' common name was changed to bog turtle in 1956,[7] as the practice of naming an organism's common name after individuals became less popular.[7]
In 1815, he suffered a paralytic stroke which hindered his activities. Helped by his daughter, however, Muhlenberg continued his correspondences until the sudden recess of his paralysis. Despite his condition seemingly reversing itself, a final series of strokes took his life not long after.[3]
Muhlenberg is buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.[9]
Family
Muhlenberg was the brother of Frederick and Peter Muhlenberg, father of Henry A. P. Muhlenberg and Frederick Augustus Hall Muhlenberg, a physician, who was the father of Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, the first president of Muhlenberg College.
Notes
- ^ Franckesche Stiftungen
- ^ Archiv der Franckeschen Stiftungen, AFSt/S B I 94, 575-577
- ^ a b "Muhlenberg, Henry (1753-1815), Lutheran clergyman and botanist". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1301192. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 957.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
- ^ Thurston & Moore 1905, p. 90.
- ^ a b c d Crable, Ad (2009-09-08). "Big threat to a little turtle". Intelligencer Journal. Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Muhlenberg", pp. 184-185).
- ^ Brubaker, Jack (2014-10-31). "Noted portrait painter Eichholtz deserves grave recognition". Lancaster Online. Retrieved 2014-11-08.
- ^ International Plant Names Index. Muhl.
References
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 956–957. This work in turn cites:
- John M. Maisch, G. H. E. Muhlenberg als Botaniker (1886)
- Solomon Erb Ochsenford. Muhlenberg College: A quarter-centennial memorial (1792) p. 172-173.
- Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. p. 90.
External links
- . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.
- The Henry Ernest Muhlenberg papers, which contains scientific letters written to Muhlenberg, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
- 1753 births
- 1815 deaths
- People from Trappe, Pennsylvania
- American Lutheran clergy
- Franklin & Marshall College
- American botanists
- American science writers
- People from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
- American people of German descent
- Muhlenberg family
- Princeton University alumni
- University of Halle alumni
- Burials at Woodward Hill Cemetery
- Members of the American Philosophical Society