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{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
'''Mar''' (from {{lang-syc|ܡܪܝ}} ''{{Transl|syr|Mār(y)}}'', written with a silent final [[yodh]]), also '''Mor''' in [[Western Syriac]] has the literal meaning "[[milord]]", it is a title of [[reverence]] in [[Syriac Christianity]]. The corresponding feminine forms are ''Morth'' and ''Marth'' for "[[milady]]" ({{Lang-syr|ܡܪܬܝ}}, ''{{Transl|syr|Mārt(y)}}''). The title is placed before the [[Christian name]], as in Mar Aprem/ Mor Afrem ([[Ephrem the Syrian]]) and Marth/ Morth Maryam for [[St Mary]]. It is given to all [[saint]]s in [[Eastern Christianity]] and is also used in instead of "[[Most Reverend]]", just before the [[name in religion]] taken by [[bishop]]s.<ref>Brock S. P., ''An Introduction to Syriac Studies'', Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2006, p. 1 {{ISBN|978-1-59333-349-2}}: "Mor (or Mar) is an honorific title used both for bishops and for saints"<br />- {{cite journal|author=Baarda T. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIETAAAAIAAJ&q=%22mar+literally%22|title=A Syriac Fragment of Mar Epheraem's Commentary on the Diatessaron|journal=New Testament Studies|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=8|issue=4|date=1962|pages=287–300|doi = 10.1017/S0028688500007931|quote=''Mar'', literally 'My Lord', a usual title of ecclesiastics and saints. This title always occurs in the commentaries when the Commentary of Ephraem is referred to}}<br />- Dodd, Erica, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c9oYAAAAYAAJ&q=mar+bishop+syriac+title&dq=mar+bishop+syriac+title&hl=en&ei=zyu8TYrSPIKKhQeHxMy2BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw The Frescoes of Mar Musa al-Habashi]'', Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2001, p. 23. — 202 p. — {{ISBN|978-0-88844-139-3}}: "It was pointed out that the title 'Mar' or Saint is commonly used for prophets as well as saints (See above, p. 15. In the second Syriac inscription, Appendix I, the title is used for Bishop Diskoros)"</ref>The title of ''Moran Mor/Maran Mar'' is given to Catholicoi and patriarchs and the title ''Mar/Mor'' is given to ordinary bishops, archbishops and major-archbishops.
'''Mar''' (from {{lang-syc|ܡܪܝ}} ''{{Transl|syr|Mār(y)}}'', written with a silent final [[yodh]]), also '''Mor''' in [[Western Syriac]] has the literal meaning "[[milord]]", it is a title of [[reverence]] in [[Syriac Christianity]]. The corresponding feminine forms are ''Morth'' and ''Marth'' for "[[milady]]" ({{Lang-syr|ܡܪܬܝ}}, ''{{Transl|syr|Mārt(y)}}''). The title is placed before the [[Christian name]], as in Mar Aprem/ Mor Afrem ([[Ephrem the Syrian]]) and Marth/ Morth Maryam for [[St Mary]]. It is given to all [[saint]]s in [[Eastern Christianity]] and is also used in instead of "[[Most Reverend]]", just before the [[name in religion]] taken by [[bishop]]s.<ref>Brock S. P., ''An Introduction to Syriac Studies'', Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2006, p. 1 {{ISBN|978-1-59333-349-2}}: "Mor (or Mar) is an honorific title used both for bishops and for saints"<br />- {{cite journal|author=Baarda T. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIETAAAAIAAJ&q=%22mar+literally%22|title=A Syriac Fragment of Mar Epheraem's Commentary on the Diatessaron|journal=New Testament Studies|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=8|issue=4|date=1962|pages=287–300|doi = 10.1017/S0028688500007931|quote=''Mar'', literally 'My Lord', a usual title of ecclesiastics and saints. This title always occurs in the commentaries when the Commentary of Ephraem is referred to}}<br />- Dodd, Erica, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c9oYAAAAYAAJ&q=mar+bishop+syriac+title&dq=mar+bishop+syriac+title&hl=en&ei=zyu8TYrSPIKKhQeHxMy2BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw The Frescoes of Mar Musa al-Habashi]'', Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2001, p. 23. — 202 p. — {{ISBN|978-0-88844-139-3}}: "It was pointed out that the title 'Mar' or Saint is commonly used for prophets as well as saints (See above, p. 15. In the second Syriac inscription, Appendix I, the title is used for Bishop Diskoros)"</ref> The title of ''Moran Mor/ Maran Mar'' is given to the ''[[Catholicoi]]'' and other [[primates]]; and the title ''Mar/Mor'' is given to [[prelates]] such as [[metropolitan bishop]] and [[archbishop]]s.


==In Christianity==
==In Christianity==

Revision as of 14:58, 17 August 2022

For other uses, see Mar (title) (disambiguation).

Mar (from Template:Lang-syc Mār(y), written with a silent final yodh), also Mor in Western Syriac has the literal meaning "milord", it is a title of reverence in Syriac Christianity. The corresponding feminine forms are Morth and Marth for "milady" (Template:Lang-syr, Mārt(y)). The title is placed before the Christian name, as in Mar Aprem/ Mor Afrem (Ephrem the Syrian) and Marth/ Morth Maryam for St Mary. It is given to all saints in Eastern Christianity and is also used in instead of "Most Reverend", just before the name in religion taken by bishops.[1] The title of Moran Mor/ Maran Mar is given to the Catholicoi and other primates; and the title Mar/Mor is given to prelates such as metropolitan bishop and archbishops.

In Christianity

The variant Moran or Maran (Template:Lang-syr, Moran), meaning "Our Lord", is a particular title given to Jesus, either alone or in combination with other names and titles. Likewise, Marth or Morth (Template:Lang-syr, Mārtan, "Our Lady") is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Occasionally, the term Maran or Moran has been used of various Eastern Christian patriarchs and catholicoi, who started using it in the recent centuries. The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, the Jacobite Syrian Catholicos use titles are called Aboon Mor and the Malankara Orthodox Catholicos use the title Moran Mor. Sometimes the Indian bearers of this title are called Moran Mar, using a hybrid style from both Syriac dialects that reflects somewhat the history of Syro-Malabar Christians. The Pope is referred to as Marpāpa (Holy Father) by the St Thomas Christians of India.

The obscure variant Marya or Moryo (Template:Lang-syr, Māryā) is used in the Peshitta Old Testament to render the Tetragrammaton. Although this word is clearly a derived form of the above, there is a fanciful derivation found in early Syriac lexica, that the word is an initialism as follows:

  • ܡ — ܡܪܘܬܐ, māruṯā, 'lordship'
  • ܪ — ܪܒܘܬܐ, rabbuṯā, 'majesty'
  • ܝ ܐ — ܐܝܬܝܐ, iṯyā, 'self-existence'

In Judaism

In Mishnaic Hebrew through to date, this Aramaic word is pronounced [mar] (Template:Lang-he), and it is used as a formal way of addressing or referring to a male person. In the Gemara, Tabyomi is sometimes referred to as Mar.[2] "Mar" was also the title of the Exilarch (leader of the Jewish diaspora community in Babylon), with the Aramaic-speaking Jews sharing many cultural attributes with the Syriac Christians. In the Modern Hebrew of contemporary Israel, "Mar" is used without distinction for any male person, like "Mr." in English. However, in Rabbanical circles of Jews from the Middle East, the Aramaic variant form מָרָן (Maran, Aramaic: our lord) is still a title to used for highly appreciated Rabbis, such as Ovadia Yosef, the spiritual leader of the Shas party.[3]

In Mandaeism

In Mandaeism, names for Hayyi Rabbi ("the Great Life") in Mandaic (an Eastern Aramaic variety) include Mar ḏ-Rabuta ࡌࡀࡓࡀ ࡖࡓࡀࡁࡅࡕࡀ ('Lord of Greatness' or 'The Great Lord'; see also the Manichaean term Father of Greatness).[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ Brock S. P., An Introduction to Syriac Studies, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2006, p. 1 ISBN 978-1-59333-349-2: "Mor (or Mar) is an honorific title used both for bishops and for saints"
    - Baarda T. J. (1962). "A Syriac Fragment of Mar Epheraem's Commentary on the Diatessaron". New Testament Studies. 8 (4). Cambridge University Press: 287–300. doi:10.1017/S0028688500007931. Mar, literally 'My Lord', a usual title of ecclesiastics and saints. This title always occurs in the commentaries when the Commentary of Ephraem is referred to
    - Dodd, Erica, The Frescoes of Mar Musa al-Habashi, Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2001, p. 23. — 202 p. — ISBN 978-0-88844-139-3: "It was pointed out that the title 'Mar' or Saint is commonly used for prophets as well as saints (See above, p. 15. In the second Syriac inscription, Appendix I, the title is used for Bishop Diskoros)"
  2. ^ Bacher, Wilhelm. "Tabyomi." JewishEncyclopedia.com. 1906. 30 July 2018.
  3. ^ "The life of Maran Ovadia Yosef, of Blessed and Holy Memory" - Hebrew-language obituary and biography on "Kooker", an Israeli religious news website Archived 23 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London.
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